United States geographic Board, Washington poer UNITED STATES UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHIC NAMES 1890 In reply please use this address: U. S. Geological Survey GEOGRAPHIC 523 National Center Reston, Virginia 20192-0523 February 6, 2003 Dr. Ronald H. Epp, Director Harry and Gertrude Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University 2500 North River Road Manchester, New Hampshire 03106-1045 Dear Dr. Epp: As requested, we are pleased to provide you with a photocopy of the information contained in the files of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names (BGN) regarding the naming in 1945 of Dorr Mountain in Hancock County, Maine. The BGN is responsible by law for standardizing geographic names for use by the Federal Government, and its members must approve a new name before it can be applied to Federal maps and products. The request to name the summit Dorr Mountain was submitted to the BGN by the National Park Service, in order to honor the late Park Superintendent George B. Dorr, who as you know, had passed away in August 1944 at the age of 91. The summit in question had been named previously Flying Squadron Mountain, a name that coincidentally was submitted to the BGN by George Dorr, "Custodian of [the] Monument" in 1918. Prior to the BGN's approval of the latter name in 1918, the summit was known locally and officially as Dry Mountain. We have enclosed for your review a photocopied portion of each of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) topographic maps on which the aforementioned names are shown. We have also included a listing from the Geographic Names Information System (GNIS), the nation's official geographic names repository (available and searchable online at http://geonames.usgs.gov), of the entries for each of the geographic features in Maine that are named "Dorr". One can presume that the features in Hancock County were named in association with Dorr Mountain, but unfortunately, we have no information regarding the naming of the other features elsewhere in the State. Presumably, each name was found to be in local use at the time the appropriate USGS topographic map was compiled. According to Rutherford's Dictionary of Maine Place Names (1970), Dorr Point, in Hancock County and just east of Dorr Mountain, was also named for George Dorr, although in this case, it appears the BGN was not involved in the naming of the feature; rather, we can only presume once again that the name was found to be in local use sometime prior to the compilation of the 1942 USGS map, which is the first map on which the name appears (see enclosed photocopy). With regard to Superintendent Dorr's involvement in the naming of other geographic features in Acadia National Park, it appears he was very active in this regard, particularly during the early years of his administration. Unfortunately, it is not possible to conduct a search of the BGN files according to the name of the proponent, but by analyzing a list of the names that were made official by a decision of BGN between 1910 and 1945, we have located some material, primarily BGN workcards. Any additional correspondence related to these decisions is no longer extant in our files, but may be available at the National Archives and Records Administration in College Park, Maryland, where much of the earliest BGN records are maintained. We have located and provided for your review a considerable amount of correspondence between Mr. Dorr and the BGN that we believe you may find to be of interest. Some of the letters address the general issue of naming in the Park, yet most seem to relate to specific toponymic issues. Because of the volume of material, we regret that we cannot conduct any analysis of the contents; that is, we cannot comment on which of the names discussed in the various memoranda have since become official for Federal use, nor which are now variants of other names (to search for variant names in GNIS, click Yes against the Query Variant Name box). Of course, if you have questions regarding one or more of the names cited, we shall make every effort to provide assistance. We hope the enclosed information will prove helpful to you in your research, and we appreciate your interest in the BGN and the geographic names of Maine. If you have any questions or need additional information, please do not hesitate to contact us, by mail at the address above; by telephone at (703) 648-4544; or by e-mail at . Sincerely yours, Roger L. Payne Executive Secretary U.S. Board on Geographic Names Enclosures Epp, Ronald From: Roger L Payne [rpayne@usgs.gov] Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 11:05 AM To: Epp, Ronald Cc: chick_fagan@nps.gov; Jennifer E Runyon Subject: Re: Acadia National Park: Mr. Bond & Mr. Dorr Dr. Epp: We have nothing in our files regarding your inquiry, but I am by a copy of this response forwarding your request and email to Mr. Fagan at the National Park Service, who also represents that agency on the U.S. Board on Geographic Names. As an aside, I am relatively sure that this is the same Frank Bond of the Government Land Office at the Bureau of Land Management who was a member of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names from 1903 to 1934, and served as its chairman from 1925 to 1934. Although much of the Board's policy had already developed, it was during this period that the first real attempts at codification were made, as well as numerous statements on specific issues. Roger L. Payne Executive Secretary, U.S. Board on Geographic Names 703.648.4544 "Epp, Ronald" To 09/27/2005 09:28 AM CC Subject Acadia National Park: Mr. Bond & Mr. Dorr Dear Mr. Payne, On February 6, 2003 you responded at length to my inquiries concerning information in your possession regarding the naming of Dorr Mountain in Hancock County, Maine as well as providing me with information on the many requests that Mr. Dorr submitted to Mr. Bond during the World War I years for renaming many of the mountains of Mount Desert Island. That information has been most valuable, and an article citing your archival documents will appear within a couple of weeks. I write to ask whether you could offer some suggestions regarding the involvement of Mr. Frank Bond in the years prior to WWI relative to the establishment of the Sieur de Mont National Monument (1916) which evolved into Lafayette National Park (renamed Acadia in 1929). I have just uncovered in the National Archives a letter from Mr. Dorr dated October 6, 1939 to Isabelle F. Story, National Park Service Editor in Chief, wherein Dorr makes the following claim relative to drafts of his "Story of Acadia National Park: When I started park work Colonel Robert Bradford Marshall was the general superintendent of national parks I remember [him] well and pleasantly but he had not appeared upon the scene 1 Message Page 1 of 1 Epp, Ronald From: Epp, Ronald Sent: Tuesday, September 27, 2005 9:29 AM To: 'rpayne@usgs.gov' Subject: Acadia National Park: Mr. Bond & Mr. Dorr Dear Mr. Payne, On February 6, 2003 you responded at length to my inquiries concerning information in your possession regarding the naming of Dorr Mountain in Hancock County, Maine as well as providing me with information on the many requests that Mr. Dorr submitted to Mr. Bond during the World War I years for renaming many of the mountains of Mount Desert Island. That information has been most valuable, and an article citing your archival documents will appear within a couple of weeks. I write to ask whether you could offer some suggestions regarding the involvement of Mr. Frank Bond in the years prior to WWI relative to the establishment of the Sieur de Mont National Monument (1916) which evolved into Lafayette National Park (renamed Acadia in 1929). I have just uncovered in the National Archives a letter from Mr. Dorr dated October 6, 1939 to Isabelle F. Story, National Park Service Editor in Chief, wherein Dorr makes the following claim relative to drafts of his "Story of Acadia National Park:" When I started park work Colonel Robert Bradford Marshall was the general superintendent of national parks I remember [him] well and pleasantly but he had not appeared upon the scene when the proclamation creating Sieur de Monts National Monument was drawn and signed--or July 8, 1916. With that proclamation and the work that led to it, I associate officially, only Mr. Frank Bond who, drew it up for me, from material which I supplied, for Secretary [Franklin] Lane to sign, and send it on to the President for his signature." Unfortunately, this credit was not included in the "official" history (published posthumously as the Story of Acadia National Park). To my knowledge nothing has been published that credits Mr. Bond with this key role. In writing my biography of Mr. Dorr I would like to set the record straight! It would be most helpful if there was corroboration but lacking that I am nonetheless interested in any documentation prior to 1917 between the two of them--or about their relationship--that would shed light on this claim and highlight the importance of the United States Board on Geographic Names to the creation of Acadia National Park. Thank you very much for your attention to this matter. Ron Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of University Library & Associate Professor of Philosophy Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH 03106 603-668-2211 ext. 2164 603-645-9685 (fax) 9/27/2005 Page 1 of 1 Ronald Epp From: To: "Ronald Epp" Cc: Sent: "Ronald Epp" Subject: Monday, March 03, 2003 5:07 PM Acadia National Park: Dorr Mountain Dear Mr. Payne, Pardon National rersearch my Partk effort delay in involved 1946 in responding in responding to your to letter my from initial early February. I very much appreciate superintendent. following the death two years query earlier regarding of Mr. George the naming B. Dorr, of Dorr its founder Mountain the extensive at Acadia Your and first am years highly generous into appreciative this research photocopying project. of While documents I have provided not yet me with unique resources that make the appropriate acknowledgements of your retention of when these my records book had is and the completed. opportunity your generosity to fully in sharing analyze have them the eleuded data with provided, me me. three I Again, thank you!!! I will Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. 2500 North River Road Southern Director of New the Hampshire Harry & Gertrude University Shapiro Library 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 Manchester, NH 03106-1045 603-645-9685 (fax) (in 19/5-30) Page interest ANP. of note : Letter few active " that his Newer Dorris meming in Heogrup Bourd BGN2 3/3/2003 Page 1 of 2 Ronald Epp From: "Jennifer E Runyon" To: Cc: "Carol Horan Messick" ; "Charles L Regan" Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2003 10:11 AM Subject: Re: Naming Query Re: Acadia National Park Dear Dr. Epp, This is a brief note to let you know that your inquiry to Ms. Messick of the USGS Library regarding the naming of "Dorr Mountain" and other features in Acadia National Park was forwarded to this office for response. We have located some material in the files of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names which we shall be mailing to you today. We hope you find the information useful, but if you have any questions once you've had an opportunity to review it, please don't hesitate to contact us. Sincerely yours, Jennifer Runyon, research staff U.S. Board on Geographic Names U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Names Office 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, Virginia 20192-0523 (703) 648-4550 (703) 648-4549 fax jrunyon@usgs.gov http://geonames.usgs.gov >>> "Ronald Epp" To: cc: "Ronald Epp" 01/31/2003 02:24 Subject: Naming Query Re: Acadia National Park PM Dear Ms. Messick: I am engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944), founder of Acadia National Park and its first superintendent (1916-44). In preparing an intellectual biography of Mr. Dorr I have principally 2/6/2003 Page 2 of 2 relied on NPS Archives, the National Archives, and the Rockefeller Archive Center where I recently uncovered a letter from NPS Director Horace Albright to Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. dated January 21, 1946. It referred to the US Board of Geographical Names and their posession of lengthy correspondance with Mr. Dorr regarding the renaming of Flying Squadron Mountain and other mountains in Lafayette and later Acadia National Park (on Mount Desert Island, Hancock County, Maine). Following Mr. Dorr's death, the USBGN finalized in 1946 the name change to Dorr Mountain. Could you determine whether such correspondance is available in your repository? Do you suggest a visit to your site? If not, might you suggest where I might pursue this inquiry. Thank you for this professional courtesy. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University 2500 North River Road Manchester, NH 03106-1045 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 603-645-9685 (fax) 2/6/2003 O ADDRESS ONLY HE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D.C. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON September 15, 1918. The U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D. C. Gent lemen: In making application for the proposed name- changes of certain of the Mount Desert Mountains for the purpose of commemorating the early history of the Island, and-in a special instance - the part taken by our Nation in the present war, in aerial battle over the soil of France, I represent not only the Secretary of the Interior and the National Park Service but President-emeritus - Eliot of Harvard and other well-known citizens associated in the work of the Sieur de Mont s National Monument' establishment by gift to the United States. And I represent also the Wild Gardens of Acadia, a corporation formed for the completion of this work, upon whose board the Governor of Maine, Harvard University, the American Institute of Architects, and the National Association of Audubon Societies all are represented. We feel that the value of the change from the present names, proposed to be dropped - meaningless and without association, - to others that tell of the past history of the region, of its half-forgotten association with France in the early days of the country's settlement, and - in an inspiring way on soil once owned by France - of the United States' cooperation with her in the present war, can not fail to be great in view of the now national character of the tract and the many people from the whole country over who henceforth will visit it. I remain, gentlemen, with respect, Sincerely yours, GeorgeB.Down Custodian, Sieur de Mont s National Monument. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON September 15, 1918. U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: One other name there is - for a bold, out- standing shoulder of the proposed Champlain Mountain not named upon your map as yet - which we include in our request and ask you to name, in honor to De Monts and commemoration of the cause for which as a soldier first and afterwards as governor of Pons, he stood in France; Hueguenot Head. This shoulder dominates on its eastern side the deep, precipitously bordered pass torn out by the ice sheet in its southward flow between the proposed Champlain Mountain and the proposed Flying Squadron, through which the road runs from Bar Harbor to the -2- resorts upon the southern shore. This shoulder, separated from its mountain by a valley eighty odd feet lower than itself, occupied by a grove of ancient spruce and hemlock, formerly a favorite noon-time haunt of deer, looks northward to Mount Desert Ferry across Frenchman's Bay and south- ward to Mount Desert Rock, twenty-five miles to sea, whose light flashes out to it at dusk from the darkening sea-horizon. At a recent time geologically, as a bench marks on the mountains show, this shoulder must have formed a superb headland, from five to six hundred feet in height, fronting precipitously on a narrow arm of sea that ran between it and the greater Cadillac and Flying Squadron mass. De Monts, a Hueguenot of ancient family in southwestern France, was also a man of broad and -3- liberal religious views, esteemed and trusted by Henry IV and warmly praised in his writings by Champlain - whom he brought out to aid him. In changing the name of the park, as the bill now passed already by the Senate does, from the Sieur de Monts National Monument to the Mount Desert National Park, De Monts should be recorded still, and this the hold headland that resisted successfully the tremendous ice-sheet thrust which tore out the pass below to within 8 hundred feet of ocean level offers a singularly happy and appropriate means of doing, linked as it is with the intended Champlain Mountain as the men themselves were linked in their Acadian venture and looking broadly out beside it across the waters that they sailed together in ex- ploration of our coast as far as to Cape Cod in 1605, fifteen years before the coming of the Mayflower. -4- All these names proposed have been carefully devised with reference to the national ownership of the Sieur de Monts Monument, and are suggested by the same motives which gave that name to it - the President and Secretary of the Interior concurring. That motive is to convey to the American people, the new owner of these lands, some realizing conscious- ness of an interesting and half-forgotten past that this corner of their land has had. And to this motive now a new one has been added, to link that past, with its old French associations, with the present, epoch- making cooperation of America with France and England, on the battlegrounds of Europe and the seas these moun- tains look so broadly out upon, for the cause of freedom and humanity and France's preservation. Yours sincerely, [G.B.Dore] Note on the name "The Flying Squadron. " Several similar names are in cld-established use at Mount Desert. The White Cap is a northern spur of Green or Cadillac Mountain, as the Flying Squadron, or Dry Mountain, is an eastern one. The Beehive is a bold southern spur of Newport or Champlain Mountain, and the Triad is a similar southern spur of Pemetic Mountain. The Bubbles are two connected, but otherwise in- dependent, mountains lying between Eagle Lake and Jordan Pond. [G.B DORA] Norumbega Quoted from Francis Parkman. I Norumbera was, in Ramustio's map, the country embraced within Nova Scotia, southern New Brunswick, and a part of Maine. De Laet confines it to a district about the mouth of the Penobscot. Wytfleit and other early writers say that it had a capital city of the same name, and in several of the old maps this city is represented on the river Penobscot. The word is of Indian origin. 11 Weary of St. Crpix, De Monts resolved to seek cut a more auspicious site. During the previous September, Champlain had ranged the westward coast in & pinnace, visited and named the Island of Mount Desert, and entered the mouth of the river Penobsect, called by him the Pentegoet and previously known to fur traders and fisher- men as the Norumbega, & name which it shared with all leadillac Mtn canves ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D. C. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON September 15, 1918. The U. S. Geographic Board, 1850 Washington, D. C. pre Gentlemen: on Those who have in charge the Sieur de Mont s National Monument and it s development are greatly desirous of using it as a means toward strengthen- ing the tie between the United States and France, now brought so close together by the war. The Monument is unique in the opportunity it gives for this for its lands were discovered and named by a Frenchman, Samuel de Champlain, and were for a long time owned by France. It is, moreover, the only national parkland in the country that bor- ders on the sea and looks broadly out across the ocean toward France and the waters that our troops are traversing to bring her aid. With this and the awakening of our people to the Monument's historic interest in view, the Secretary of the Interior and the National Park Service unite with those who have gathered the park- lands together and given them to the people in ask- ing the United States Geographic Board to consider favorably the following proposed and carefully con- sidered changes in the names of certain of the mountains that constitute the dominant landscape feature of the Monument: (1) Cadillac Mountain in place of Green Mountain - (2) Champlain Mountain in place of Newport Mountain - (3) Acadia Mountain in place of Robinson Mountain - (4) St. Sauveur Mountain in place of Dog Mountain - (5) Norumbega Mountain in place of Brown's Mountain - (6) Bernard Mountain in place of Western Mountain, western peak - (7) Mansell Peak in place of Western Mountain, eastern peak - (8) The Flying Squadron in place of Dry Mountain, the great eastern spur of Green Mountain. location submit of the a names map of proposed. Mount Desert Island showing the I -2- None of the names proposed to be changed are old, in the sense of going back to early days, and none of them embody any personal or historical association useful to retain. As late as 1855 Green Mountain was called Newport Mountain, and the present Newport Mountain had no separate name, nor had Dry Mountain. Robinson Mountain got its name within my own recollec- tion from a worthless and half-crazy man who lived in a cabin at its foot and dug for treasure. He did not own the mountain. Dog Mountain was similarly named from the chance fall of a dog over its eastern cliff. Brown's Mountain, long owned by native Northeast Harbor people, had no name at the beginning of the summer- visitor period, and the origin is obscure of the name now given it, which is not as Somes, Clark, Salisbury or Hadlock, characteristic of the Island. And Western is less a mountain name than a descriptive term cover- ing two separate mountain peaks, best separately named. The names Dry and Green, again, given also as descrip- tive terms by early summer visitors, fail utterly to des- cribe, Dry Mountain, frequently streaming visibly from be- low with water, and Green Mountain, fireswept, being now a mass of gray rock, treeless generally above its lower slopes. The names proposed all have direct relation to the Island's history, with the exception of the Flying Squadron spur, which hae direct, immediate relation to the present war. Cadillac, a French noble serving in Acadia, was the Island's earliest owner save the Crown of France. The deed giving it to him as a feudal fief, together with the d jacent mainland shores, signed by Louis XIV and counter- signed by Colbert, is still on record in Quebec; and still when engaged a dozen years later in the founding of Detroit he signed himself Seigneur des Monts Deserts. We have record of him also living on it, on the shores of Frenchman's Bay, in a memoir drawn up by Governor Andros of Massachusetts in the spring of 1689, with reference to a descent upon Acadia. Champlain was the discoverer of the Island and gave it its name from the impression of wild and solitary nature made on him by these same mountains as he sailed at dusk into Frenchman's Bay and saw the bare crest and darkly shadowed precipice of the easternmost against the sunset sky. -3- Sir Francis Bernard, two generations later still than Cadillac, became the owner of the western portion of Mount Desert Island, in which the proposed Bernard Mountain and Mansell Peak are situated, by the gift of Massachusetts Province, confirmed by a special grant from George III. It was given by Massachusetts in re- ward for having secured for it, as against the rival claims of Nova Scotia, that portion of the present State of Maine which had formed part of Acadia. This also had it s influence in securing later that same portion for the United States. Governor Bernard took the English side, naturally, in the Colonies' revolt, and his property, including that on Mount Desert, was con- fiscated, but after the war was over and he himself had died his Mount Desert ownership was restored to his son, John Bernard, from whom our title to these western mountains is derived. Sir Robert Mansell, vice-admiral of the British fleet in the early part of the 17th century, was a member also of the New England Council and for him the English originally named Mount Desert Island. The name Mount Mansell may be found on all the English maps and charts of the region published at that period. But Champlain's name of Mount Desert ultimately prevailed. The township in which the proposed Mansell Peak lies was originally named Mansell also by the inhabitants, through tradition of the early English name, though later changed, and the fishing town and post office of Mansett opposite Southwest Harbor is a survival of that township name, altered by a clerical error. St. Sauveur was the name given by the Jesuits to their settlement at the entrance to Somes Sound, made in 1613, whose later wrecking by Samuel Argall in a semi-piratical descent on it in an armed vessel from Virginia was the immediate, initial cause, according to Parkman, of the long warfare between the French and English for the possession of Acadia and Canada, which only ended on the Heights of Abraham. This colony, moreover, inspired by a true though narrow religious zeal and well equipped for permanent occupation, was the only missionary settlement ever attempted by the French on the Atlantic Coast, corresponding with those on the River of Canada, as they called it - the St. Lawrence. Its site lies practically at the mountain's foot, with only the low ridge of Flying Mountain - said by the Indians, according to early local tradition, to -4- have flown down from the top of the proposed St. Sauveur Mountain and rested there - interposed between. A por- tion of this site, a great sloping meadow-land facing the outer harbor and the sea and known as Jesuit Field, has now been secured for the park with all that lies be- tween it and the mountain. Acadia Mountain, given in memory of an early summer resident whose home was on the opposite shore, was given with the one request that the name Robinson with its un- worthy local associations be changed, and the desire was expressed that the name proposed be given it to recall to summer visitors to the park hereafter the old asso- ciation with France and its Acadian province. So long as Acadia was held, Mount Desert Island formed a prominent feature of it, being used with its fine eastern bay - Frenchman's Bay - and harbor at the entrance to Somes Sound as a rendezvous for the French fleets gathered for descents on the New England coast as far as to New York - as a memoir drawn up by Cadillac still shows - and prominent besides as a great landmark from the sea and a source of masts. The mountain is a very noble one, in site and character, although but 700 feet in height, and one may sail in a boat of any draught close to the precipitous front it thrusts boldly out into Somes Sound, which is it self the single true glacial fiord upon our eastern coast. Opposite this, across the Sound, which it dominates on the eastern side, lies the mountain it is proposed to name Norumbega Mountain, now called Brown's. Norumbega, an Indian name used by Champlain and by the early fisher- men, represented variously, according to the writer of the accounts that have come down, an Indian kingdom with a fabulous capital in the near-by interior on the Penobscot River, which dominated that region, or the region itself lying between the Penobscot River and the sea. On some of the early maps it is made to embrace a very wide territory, practically identical with that of French Acadia, and seems to have been the only broadly regional word the Indians used, besides Acadia, descriptive of that area. The Indians used to come down the Penobacot River seasonally to Mount Desert Island in their canoes, which they could do in sheltered waters all the way, for hunt - ing and fishing, spending a good portion of the year there; and one of their regular and chief settlements on it lay -5- close by the foot of this mountain, on the eastern side of the entrance to Somes Sound. Indians from here it was who persuaded the French Jesuits to settle where they did, opposite to their encampment, instead of upon Frenchman's Bay where they first intended, as told in Father Biard's Jesuit narrative. Their chief was called Asticou, and the name Asticou is given to the little summer settlement and post office at the head of North- east Harbor, near the mountain's eastern foot. The name Norumbega given to the mountain, with Acadia Mountain opposite, would recall in a very interest- ing way the age-long occupation of the Island and its waters by the Indians of the Norumbega region, and Champlain's exploration under guidance from it of the Penobscot River, which he regarded as extending to Mount Desert Island through the narrow water-way of Eggemoggin Reach. We have few Indian names on the Island, and Norumbega is a name it would be desirable to retain as unquestionably historical, and valuable in the Indian background it suggests to European occupation. Pemetic, the only Indian name we now have associated with a major mountain, was the Indian name for the Island, it is thought. The Indians, probably, like the early fishermen and settlers, had no names for the individual mountains, which they only climbed doubtless in occasional "battue" hunting, driving the moose and deer before them into the sea where they killed them swimming. The names the early settlers gave were always asso- ciated with harbored waters, bays, or islands, as Frenchman's Bay, Somes Sound, Salisbury Cove, Bass Harbor, Southwest Harbor, Seal Cove, Sutton's Island, Cranberry Island, Bar Harbor, Otter Creek. These entered into their lives, but neither the lakes nor mountains received any name apparently until the summer people came. Eagle Lake, the earliest of the lakes to get a name save Denning's Pond, was named by Frederick Church, the artist, from the many eagles he saw there, fishing in its clear waters. The name now proposed for the great spur of Green or Cadillac Mountain, now called Dry, "The Flying Squadron," is one selected after the most careful thought and in con- sultation with army and other men, to link with this new service of the nation the war memorial intended on the Island summit. It has the same broad outlook beyond the country's bounds, over the danger-beset ocean highway con- necting us with France and making possible our part in -6- the world war. It rises from the edge of the broad meadowland intended to be developed as a Flying Field for landing and departure in connection with the park and with Bar Harbor, and already named by the Secretary of the Interior Lafayette Field in honor to Lafayette, as announced by him at the Lafayette banquet in New York held on September 6th. Dominating on the western side the pass that con- nects Bar Harbor with the ocean front, it has itself a superbly monumental character, lending itself wonderfully to a commemorative use. The name - The Flying Squadron - more appropriate than a mountain name it has seemed to us for what is really but a giant mountain spur, is de- rived in part directly from the French word Escadrille in use upon the battle front and tells besides of the won- derful new art, acquired cont emporaneously with the park's creation, in conquest of the air. Plans for the develop- ment of the mountain in a memorial sense have already been prepared initially, and the story it will tell to the great and growing stream of visitors who annually henceforth will seek the park by land and sea can not fail to make its deep impression and bear its fruit in patriotism. Yours truly, George B. Doff 641.5 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPH IC BOARD See work card Adopted acadia name Survide monto national Government APPROVED Thing Mountain between Some Sound & Echahakes DCT 2.19.18 named Mount Desert Island, Maine Authorities Hancock Country Names Robinson Named for worthless and haff crazy resident who dug for treasure at Mountains base Acadia Name proposed by Geo. B. Dorr, Custodian at. Sieur de Mants Natl Mont supported by the Secy of the Interior, Bureau of Nat! Parks, many Associations; and distinguished men, Local usage to commemorate and recall the early French Province and Robinson honor France for her part in the present war. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo. B. Dorr Int Dept Acadia F Date Sept. 15th 1918 This card prepared by B 641, UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD See work card Adopted name Champlain Southant of Flying squidron Thing Mountain located East of Green (Cadillac) Mtn named in Sieur de Monts Nat'l Monument Mount Desert I'd, Maine. The most teastern Mtn. of the Island. Names Authorities Newport Mtn - Designation since 1855-date unknown. Champlain Discoverer of Mount Desert Island and who named the I'd. Name proposed by Geo. B. Dorr, Custodian of the Nat'l Monument, representing the "Wild Gardens of Acadia supported by the Local usage Secy of the Interior, Bureau of Nat'l Parks, many Associ- ations, and distinguished men, to commemorate early history Newport Mtn and to honor France for her part in the present war. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo. B. Dorr Ins Dept Champlain Sept. 15th 1918 Rem Date This card prepared by B 11 641.5 yes y:cr% card UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted name Huguenat Head Thing Mountain Spur on N.W. face of Newport (Champlain) named Mtn. in Sieur de Monts Natl Mon., Mount Desert 2 10.18 Names Island, Authorities county Maine Hancock Huguenot Head New name. Recommended by Geo. B. Dorr, Custodian of Monument, representing the Wild Gardens of Acadia "sup- ported by the Sec'y of the Interior, Bureau of National to commemorate the arrival of the Auguenots and their cause Parks, many Associations and distinguished men, for which de Monts stood in France. Local usage Geo B. Dorr Inc. deff Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Huguenot Head Date Sept 15th 1918 This card prepared by 641.5 See work card UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted Bubble name APPROVED pond, Hancock County, Maine, elevation APR 1 1931 Thing named 325 feet, about 1/4 mile southeast of Eagle Lake, in Acadia N.P., near lat. 44° 211, long. Names 68° 14'. Authorities Bubble Pond 1893-Rand Mt. Desert Island If " 1896-Bar Harbor Village Impr. Assn. 19 " It 1896-Bates, Rand, Jaques 11 " 1896-Mears " " 1911-Sherman Turtle Lake 1881-Colby Atlas, Hancock Co. Doral reage 1884-Colby Atlas 11 " to missing " If " " 189 -Eastern R. R. " " 11 1904-U.S.G.S. Bar Harbor Quad. " 11 " 1926 - Higgins " (Over) Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo B Dorr Supt. for N.P.Sesv. Bubble J.J.C. B SWB Date This card prepared by 9-2275 U. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929 641.5 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD See work card Adopted Cadillac Co.,The name Thing named Mountain-highest point in Sieur de Monts OCT 2 10 18 National Monument, Mount Desert Id. Maine. Names Authorities Green Mtn. Designation since 1355 Mt. Newport " prior to 1855 Cadillac Name proposed by Geo. B. Dorr representing the, "Wild Custodian, Gardens of Acadia, supported by the Sec. of the Intr., Bureau Local usage commemorate early history and to honor France for her of Nat'l Parks, many Associations, and distinguished men, to Green Mtn part in present War. Mount Desert Island deeded to Cadillac by Louis XIV, Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo. B. Dorr Int Dept Cadillac Been Date Sept 15, 1918 " This card prepared by FB 4 AB NGN 641 S. UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted name Flying Squadron Thing Mountain East of and next to Green /Cadillae Min named in Sieur de Monts NaH Mon. Mount Desert Island, Me. B Names Authorities Dry Named by summer residents-no significance whatever. Flying Squadron Recommend by Geo. B Dorr, Custodian of (Monument) repre- of the Intr., Bureau of Natil Parks, many Associations, and dis senting the "Wild Gardens of Acadia," supported by. the Secretary Local usage tinguished mer, It IS proposed to place upon this Mtn. memorial tablets in bronze giving the names of all Aviators wiho lost their lives in the line of duty during this war to make the World safe For Democracy !! At the Foot of this Mtn. is a broad mead land to be developed as a Flying Field. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo. B Dorr Flying Squadron Date Sept. 15th 1918 " to This card prepared by 7 4 CAN were card 200 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted mansell Mills name mountain eastem one of two peaks, Sirur demmts Thing Peak-the Eastern peak of Western(Bernard) named Mtn. Mount Desert Is land Maine. Southursh Huslon town Names Authorities 15 Hancock County East Because of being the Eastern of two on the Western(Ber.- nard ) Mtn. Mansell - Name recommended by Geo. B. Dorr, Custodian of Sieur de Monts Nat'l Monument, representing the "Wild Gardens of Acadia "supported by the Sec's of the Interior, Bureau of Nat'l Parks, many Associations, and distinguished men Local usage to commemorate the service and name of the British Vice-Ad- miral For whom the English originally named Mount Des- ert Island. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo B Dorr dnl Dept. Mansell Date Sept 15th 1918 This card prepared by FB 4 " AR $41.5 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted name Norumbega See work card Thing named Mountain- Easterri side of Somes Sound, Mount Desert Maine. Island, Harreal Co., Names Authorities Brown's Origin of name unknown. Norumbega Name to commemorate Indian name used by Champlain, and early fishermen also to designate Indians who were supposed to inhabit the Penobscot river district and to have Local usage a fabulous capital in the in terior, and came down to hunt and fish in and around Mt. Desert Island. Recommend- ed by Gea. B. Dorr, Custodian of Sieur de Monts Nat'l Mon, Mt. Des ert Island, Me, supported by the Secy of the Intr., Bur. of Nati Backs many Associations and distinguished men Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Gea B. Dorr Norumbega Date Sept 15th 1918 " This card prepared by B " See card UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD 641. Adopted Parkman (2nt. ) name Thing named Mountain between Norumbega and Penobscot Mts. approand Mt. Desert Island, Maine may 7- 1919 Names Authorities Parkman Maine and others as a memorial to Francis Parkman, Requested by Geo. B. Dorr, Supt. Lafayette Nat! Park historian of the French dominion in America, and of the Indian tribes of "Acadia." Local usage Little Brown's Name without significance and inappropriate, Dorr because Given by Summer visitor, mountain a generation smel, of its vicinity to Brown's now Norumbega and Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Geo. B. Dorr Parkman B Date April 21, 1919 688 This card prepared by Frank Bond am Milk 641 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted name Porcupines, The Approved March 4, 1931 Thing named group of four islands in Frenc hman Bay, Me. individually known as Long Burnt Sheep, and Forcupine Porcuping Porcupino Names Porcupine islandargorities Ind Bion Key be tween Jordan and Iron- bound islands on the east, and Bar Island x and town of Bar Harbor on the west. Porcupines The 1911 - Sherman-Mt. Desert Island 1930-Letter-Supt. - -Acadia N.P. 2-14-31 Four islands always shown on map as Long Porcupine Island, Burnt Porcupine Island, Local usage etc. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Sunt. Acadia N. P. Porcupines The J.I.S. Date 2-14-31 Rso JEAN This card prepared by J. J. Cameron U. S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929 See- work card 641.5 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted 'Bald Porcupine name APPROVED one of the Porcupine Islands in French- near APR 1 1931 Thing man Bay, Hancock County, Me.. lat. 44° named 23' N., long. 68° 11 , W. Names Authorities Bald Porcupine See authorities listed on Round Island, decision Nov. 7, 1928. (Not Round. ) A Local usage Bald Porcupine Visit, Supt. Acadia N. P., 3-7-31 George B. Dorr, for N.P.Serv. Recommendation of Executive Committee Submitted by Supt. Acadia N. P. Bald Porcupine J.J.C. Date 20014 11 swop This card prepared by J. J. Cameron 9-2275 U. 8. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1929 641.5 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD See work card Adopted Bernard (mountain) name Mountain Amost Western of Mount APPROVED.. Thing named Maine. Swestern me 7 two peaks Sieur de month 2 1918 matt monument, startm then Names Authorities Western Sn called because it is Western Mtn. of Mt. Desert I'd Bernard Name proposed in honor of Sir Francis Bernard. owner of Western part of Island, by deed from Massachusetts Province, (confirmed by George III as a reward for holding Acade the Island against claims of Nova Scotia as a part of Acadia. Proposed by Geo. B. Dorr Custodian of Sieur de Monts Local usage Natl Mon. supported by the Secy of the Interior, Bureau of Nat'l Parks, many Associations and distinguished men- Western to commemorate history. Recommendation of Executive Committee Geo B. Dorr Ind Dece Bernard FB Submitted by Date Sept. 15" 1918 AMY 1688 This card prepared by F 4 See work card 641.5 28 UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Adopted name Amphitheater (malley) APPROVED Thing named and location valley (The Amphitheater) Acadia National,Park Mount Desert/sland Hancock County, APR 4 1934 Maine south slope of Penobscot Mountain, near Names Zat. 44°19'N., long. 68'16'W. Authorities The Ampartheater U.S. GeoL Survey map of Acadia National Park,1937 workcads BGN cal usage (names The Amphitheater by G. DORR) bmitted by National Park Service Recommendation of Executive Committee Amphithesterop 1/4 1004 Date march 20, 1934 Approved by Board B This card prepared by Frank Band S.W.S. A.S.P. F.B. 9-2406 THANK U.S.T. U S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE: 1920 EDRAFT LETTER] October / 1918 Dear Reviewing my letter of Deptember fifterntt profession cutain Champs Om Mountain wamen for in the Considuation of the National Brand N find bothing of dw addition, Mr a Chang, Heald muct like for which Than hash mind A inton did - name h thour to A de Mmts 2 ^ Ohlier he Start to you this A the Canor of religion frede for Add the bold Striking headland Pielect Mountain Calimmate forthard front th South! It riser granch th a hight of but above th Tare which fills from Side fails the harm, 3 lided group belm one in recent gerlopie time an Ocean Strait, and looks out acm the acca now Roel, twenty fixe mils at sea away, with friendly lijit flashing an day sink, into night a trail leads of of this headland Jhon the This named find most Whier has become one of the most widely 4 visited photo the Coast in recent year V will lu a Central feelan always m What of to land the Finded Government may make hereight Email your COPY Copy ENGINEERS CLUB BOSTON April 9, 1919. Dear Mr. Bond: The inclosed letter will explain itself. This is a personal word to bear it company. Great interest has been taken, both locally and elsewhere, in the change of mountain names upon Mount Desert Island. It is warmly approved, as bringing out the old historic interest of the tract, re- storing memory of its old association. The Maine papers want to bring out articles upon it, as does also the National Geographic, but before they do President Eliot and I are anxious to permanently complete the change by two further changes I am asking for at his request. I trust there may be no obstacle to doing it. We have given the matter not a little thought, conferring together, since my return to Boston. The first mountain I write of in my letter will make, so named, (Penobscot Mountain), a superb memorial to our native Indians, and provide, as it were, a basis for papers on them, as we plan in our park series. The view from its summit sweeps the whole land and water region that they once made peculiarly their own. Its furtherest extension toward the sea already bears the name of their chief Asticou, who welcomed the Jesuit missionaries there in 1613. And the little post office of Asticou at its foot is President Eliot's post office, to which his letters go, he being also the first summer visitor to make a home upon that shore. I did not suggest changing the name of this mountain last fall because, although I knew his general feeling in the matter, he had such intimate and long association with the locality that I wanted to make very sure of a name to satisfy him, which this one wholly does. That the old ones are not worthy, also, to re- main, worthy in their personal association, or fit companions for the new ones, he does not hesitate to say, and would feel our work left incomplete if they should stay. I inclose a map to show the western and southwestern view commanded by the mountain; to the south and east it looks across the open sea, and to the north, on a clear day, one may see Katahdin, toward which the two main branches of the Penobscot flow, with Oldtown, the present home of the Penobscot Indians, on an island in the river midway between. -2- Hying Synahom The second change asked for in my letter, that of and reserving the name "The Flying Squadron" for the Airmen's Memorial Crag specifically, and giving the mountain bear- wilddrawn love ing it (i.e. the crag), (formerly Dry Mountain) that of "Peace Mountain". TO this also we have given much thought deusin mt and study, consulting others also interested in the Memorial. We feel that the name chosen for the mountain (Peace Mountain) will heighten also the effect of the Memorial (the Flying Squadron), giving it a splendidly fitting and ideal back- ground; while it will obviate besides the difficulty - not fully realized last fall, when we were still in the war's midst - of getting it adopted in Dry Mountain's place. This is the only one among the changes made in regard to which this difficulty will arise; and this will not arise in regard to its application to the Memorial crag, a yet unnamed fea- ture of the mountain with the visible Memorial to enforce it. Nor will there be any difficulty whatever with "Peace Moun- tain", a brief name, which all who have yet heard it love, and one which retains in it also the word "Mountain" which will, as I now see, be clung to, though the word "Dry" not liked by any one - will readily be given up. This apart, how- ever, when we took the name (The Flying Squadron) from the Memorial to describe the whole mountain, at the end of last summer, no one then thought the war might end without at least another spring campaign - perhaps more - and without casualties in the air service on a far greater scale than has now proved to be the case. I have now with me the full Air Service casualty lists, and a relatively few tablets, happily, will bear the whole. As we have now planned it, with the aid of members of the National Committee, a big bronze eagle with outstretched wings, as about to fly, will crown the crag, with the tablets below, facing the ascend- ing trail, the road beneath, and a most splendid view. The name "Peace Mountain" President Eliot desires particularly as a means towards linking up in our historic I card series the past and present in a common view, and of saying withdraw a word that he would like to say, or to have said, on national friendships and world peace, pointing out the re- lation between the national friendship Lafayette especially decision was instrumental in bringing about between America and France, and the vast aid returned to France, with manifold F interest, a century and odd years later, which might not have been rendered else. -3- Our plan is, the name being adopted, to carve out from the sharp granite crest that crowns the Mountain, a simple, dignified memorial to the peace that has been, with justice and world freedom, the aim and object of the present war, and that will ultimately crown it, rising from the ashes of our and others' sacrifice. And to the earliest periods of peace besides that I have outlined in my letter. Looking out across the ocean as it does, between the two mountains we have named for France - Cadillac and Champlain, and with the latter Hugenot Head - and bearing on its flank the war memorial to tell of what we have gone through to gain such peace, a great group of papers can, in the course of time, be founded on it. And the first of these I would like to have President Eliot write, the coming summer, his eighty-fifth, and fifty-third, with an occasional absence, at Mount Desert Island. Sincerely yours, George B. Dorr. P. S. I have looked up the name "Peace Mountain" in every means of reference here, the Boston City Library and the Harvard Library, and it does not appear - Peace River there is, a name that I have always loved, and a Peace Valley somewhere out in Missouri, but that is practically all. el. Eliot LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK Boston, Mass. , April 9, 1919. Dear Mr. Bond: I have been in conference with President Eliot, my associate in the establishment of the Lafayette National Park. He is very warmly interested in the change of mountain names `made by the United States Geographic Board on Mount Desert Island, in connection with it, and feels - as does every one else whom I have seen here - that a very valuable piece of work in the way of edu- cative history for the people and of awakening them to the interest of the past has been accomplished by it. We are already planning to found a series of historic papers on it, which will go out widely, but first he wishes, and I with him, to complete it by two further changes, which he urges strongly - as does his son Samuel Eliot, of the Indian Board, who edited the History of Mount Desert and is our best authority, apart from the early narratives and records, on all connected with it in the past. The first of these changes is that of completing a cen- tral Indian group upon the Island, which we can base our Indian papers on, by changing the name of the mountain mass (which is but a single mass divided only by a shallow break, or rift), whose northern and southern portions are now known as Sargent and Jordan Mountains respectively, to Penobscot Mountain. The Penobscot tribe of Indians was one of the most powerful members of the widely extended Abnaki group at the time of the French occupation of Acadia. Their winter and spring home was in the neighborhood apparently of the Falls of the Penobscot River, at the head of tidal water, where Champlain ascended from Mount Desert Island, guided by them and searching for the fabulous Indian capital of Norumbega. But their summer and autumn residence was along the coast, on the shores of the island-sheltered waters, the bays and harbors, that stretch un- brokenly from Penobscot Bay to Frenchman's Bay. All along these, in favorable locations, there are deep mounds of clam and mussel shells, showing their camp-sites - which must have remained unchanged for centuries to judge by the mounds' depth. These Indians, of the Penobscot tribe, took the American side in the Revolutionary Tar and were given in reward a definite political position in the State - Massachusetts then, but equally to- day in Maine - being represented of right by a delegate always in the legislature; and they were given a home also, called Oldtown, on an island in the river, just above the falls. They and the Passamaquoddy Indians, a smaller group, are all that remin in New England, with 2 indopendent organization, of the old Indian tribes. All the place- names and water-names of Indian origin we have along the shore come from them: Kebo and Pemetic Mountains on the Island, Eggemoggin Roach, Penobscot Bay and River, Bagadnce, and others. In earlier hotel days at Bar Harbor they had an Indian summer village of their own, just outside the town, to sell their wares; and one still sees a few thore every summer. also It was they, who greeted the French Jesuit Missionaries in such friendly fashion in 1613, when they started their colony of St. Sauveur at the foot of St. Sauveur Mountain, as we now have named it; and their chief Asticou, told of in the Jesuit Narratives, has given his name to the little village at the head of North East Harbor, where the trail from the latter starts to go up the mountain we ask now to have given their tribal name. This name I have looked up in Indian authorities and it means, with some obscuri ty as to its latter part, which may be locative, Flowing-over rocks, Rocks and Water in conjunc- tion. They were the Indians, in Indian parlance, who "lived where rocks and water met", whether at the falls or at the river's mouth - both having been suggested. Champlain, whom they guided up apparently through Eggemoggin Reach, speaks of the river as issuing in the vicinity of the Island, and the latter as a Rock-headland at its mouth. The mountain to which we seek to have the name given is 3 the second in height upon the Island, with an unbroken view west- ward to the Camden Hills beyond Penobscot Bay - a view that sweeps the whole basin of the Penobscot to Bangor, except as hills may hide it. The whole archipelago of islands also from Mount Desert Island westward, where one finds throughout the ancient Indian shell mounds, lies spread out before it. I have written to the State Librarian at Augusta, Maine, to ask if by chance there might be any mountain bearing the tribal name, but he writes there is none. It has been given to the bay and river, to a town upon the upper bay, and a county on the river, but never to a mountain. Nor could any other mountain in the state look so broadly out over lands and waters that these Indians haunted, or that bear so many evidences still in arrow heads and shell mounds of their former presence. This mountain lies, massive and dominating, between the one to the eastward bearing the Indian name of Pemetic, conjectured to be that of the Island originally - not the mountain only - and that to the westward, on Somes Sound, to which your Board has already given at our suggestion the name of Norumbega, while Acadia and St. Sauveur Mountains lie across the Sound, the first also an Indian name originally. Our plan is to found on these, and especially on Penobscot Mountain, since so much is known and has been written concerning the Penobscot Indians, a study of their lives and ways, their food and the plants 4 they grew, their basket-work and other manufactures. The birch-bark canoe was theirs peculiarly, the Massachusetts Indians using dug-outs of a much more clumsy mould, since they had no trees to yield the bark. The Director of the Peabody Museum at Harvard, who is one of the best authorities in the country on these Indians, has offered to assist us, as have also the people in the Smithsonian. W1 th regard to the present names of Jordan and Sargent, they are in the same category as Brown's, already changed to Norum- bega, and should, like it, by local usage be given the posséssive - being not Jordan Mountain, Sargent Mountain, but Jordan's Mountain, Sargent's Mountain, these being, when the early summer visitors first began to come and climb the hills, people who lived at their foot and were tims.associated with the mountains in the climbers' minds, President Eliot, who has lived at this mountain's southern foot himself for many years and knows the native people, feels strongly that no worthy or well-grounded association of a personal character is embodied in either of these names, as there was none in Brown's. The mountain is a superb one scenically, looking down on lakes to the east and north; and out over mingled land and water oceanward and to the west. It is a single mass, moreover, as I have said and as the map which I enclose will show, and the name Jordan has but recently been given to the part that bears it. It was not used when President Eliot first made his home upon the shore below - its only summer resident. The whole was then 5 called Sargent's, from people who lived at the northern base, where it reaches to the Sound - it being chiefly climbed at that time by people staying at the Somesville tavern and approaching from that side. Given the Penobscot name, we should then have a central Indian group wi th an early French historic group - Champlain and Cadillac - to the eastward, looking out across the Bay of Fundy to- ward St. Croix and down on Frenchman's Bay, and an early English group - Bernard and Mansell - to the westward, commemorating Massachusetts and its succeeding ownership - with Acadia and St. Sauveur Mountains upon the Sound between. The second mountain I am writing about involves a modifica- tion only, and an addition, not a change. It is one that we seek to have made in connection with the Airmen's Memorial - now well under way as an adopted project - and is to confine the name "The Flying Squadron" to the bold, outstanding crag that will bear, and be crowned by, the memorial; and to give the mountain itself, rising behind it, the name of Peace Mountain. For this, which President Eliot strongly urges, we have several reasons. In the first place, bearing as it will the war memo- rial, we wish to make it tell beside of the hope and deeper motive of the war in ultimate world-peace. In the second place, we wish to base on it, in connection with the names already given, a study for the 6 people of the broad historical associations of the tract. Apart from those of the present day with the great events that have marked, and are marking still, the period of the park's creation, which we desire by its means and publications based upon it to put on record for the future, there are three early, important periods of peace suc- ceeding war with which this old Acadian territory is associated, each marked by the establishment of a new dominion in which the Island and its mountains shared. The first of these is the "bonne et heureuse Paix" with which , De Monts' Commission states it had "pleased God to provide His Kingdom", releasing the peace-time energies that made possible the ex- ploration of new lands and the founding of colonies. The French dominion in America was established on that Peace, which ended the long period of the Religious Wars in France. The second of these, over a century later, is the Peace of Utrecht, held in 1713, by whose terms, and the ultimate consequences of whose terms, Acadia first, and then the whole French dominion in America, passed into English hands, or - in the case of the Mississippi Valley - those of England's colonies. The third is the Peace, known as the Treaty of Paris, that closed our Revolutionary war and formally recognized as an independent nation the United States, into whose control in turn our portion of Acadia then passed, as part of Massachusetts. On these different periods, and their consequences, an 7 exceedingly interesting paper may be written, linking them with the other names now already embodied in the park and mountains: De Monts and Champlain with the first period; Cadillac with the second; Iafayette with the third, with which Bernard, the last Colonial governor of Massachusetts and the Island's second owner, would be also linked. The Flying Squadron, as a crag dominating the pass and crowned by the memorial outlined against the sky, would tell, itself, of the fourth period, together with a monument that we would place upon the mountain's top. Our plan is ultimately to publish papers sketching, for visitors to the park and others, these various associations with events and people. In this the park, strenghtened by these names, can do a unique work, as the only national park area in the country that - placed on the ocean border - witnessed the early European set- tlement and occupation of America; and in its successive association with France, with England, and the United States. President Eliot and I, accordingly, greatly hope that the United States Geographic Board may look favorably on our request, and complete by these two further changes the re-naming of this - now park- included - coastal group, for the greater interest and educational use- fulness of the park hereafter and the opportunity it will afford for publishing in connection with it a related series of historic studies, ranging in period from the Indians to the present day. President Eliot 8 desires particularly, also, to take the opportunity Peace Mountain, as a name, will offer to make clear to future visitors to the park our thought in naming it Lafayette - that of the direct relation which has existed between our entrance in the present war and our national memory of past help afforded, without which our national independence might not have been achieved and for which the name of Lafayette has become peculiarly the symbol. These two changes, to Penobscot Mountain and Peace Mountain, with the name The Flying Squadron retained but limited to the memorial crag, will permanently complete our group. There are no others we might wish to alter, unless subsidiary peaks. I find warm interest taken universally in these changes, those made and those pro- posed, and the conviction that they will not only add greatly to the interest of the park but be valuable in a. broader sense in helping to create an historic background to our national life, and a wider vision. Yours sincerely, Mr. Frank Bond, Chairman, Executive Committee, United States Geographic Board, Washington, D.C. COPY May 2, 1919. Dear Mr. Bond: Will you please submit to the U. S. Geographic Board the following two changes of name in the Mount Desert Island granite chain; they both apply to mountains now included or in the process of being included within the newly created Lafayette National Park: (1) Name the mountain now called Jordan, PENOBSCOT MOUNTAIN. This mountain lies between the one bearing the old, locally established Indian name of Pemetic, and the one recently renamed Norumbega, that having been the name given the Penobscot river and the adjoining territory by Champlain in his account, published in 1613, of his ex- ploration of that coast. Penobscot river from the head of tidal water down, Penobscot Bay, and the islanded waters, the shores and islands, extending from Penobscot Bay to Frenchman's Bay were the home originally of the Penobscot Indians, the most powerful tribe at that period in the whole Abnaki, or Algonquin, group and the only ones of importance who still remain in New England, having an assigned home on an island in the Penobscot river, by the head of tidal water as of old, and possessing political rights of representation in the State government. Deep shell-mounds mark their ancient occu- pation of these shores, one of the principal being sit- uated close to this mountain's base, as equally to that of the neighboring Norumbega mountain, on the shore, while the name of the Chief whose village occupied this site at the time of the Jesuits' coming in 1613, as given in the Jesuit Narratives, is already perpetuated in the little village and postoffice of Asticou at the foot of the hill in which this mountain terminates southward, named Asticou Hill. The name Jordan is relatively early as applied to the lake to the east of this mountain, going back some fifty years, but it has only recently been applied to the mountain, to distinguish it, for climbing purposes, from Sargent mountain to its north, which originally included it. Whatever old association the name Jordan has belongs solely to its association with the pond, so-called, while the name Sargent as applied formerly to the whole mountain mass of the combined present Jordan and Sargent mountains is still older than it, both going back to early lumbermen, one of whom settled at the mountain's wooded northern foot -2- and the other at the lake's southern, or outflow, end. From the proposed Penobscot Mountain the whole land and water region traversed familiarly, except in winter, by the Indians in their birch-bark canoes, lies extended to view, westward to Castine and Bagaduce and the Camden Hills, and southwestward to Isle au Haut, named by Champlain; to Vinal and North Havens, (2) Name the mountain now called Little Brown's Mountain, lying between the proposed Penobscot Mountain, Sargent Mountain, and Norumbega Mountain, and dominating boldly the pass through which the old county road runs from Northeast Harbor, Seal Harbor and Asticou to Somesville and the mainland, PARKMAN MOUNTAIN, in honor to Francis Parkman, the historian alike of the ancient French dominion in America and of these Indians in relation to it. He used to cruise these waters, studying the coast with reference to his writings; was an older friend of President Eliot, who particularly desires this commemoration; and has described in books that will live the discovery and early occupation of this region, and these Indians' life and ways. Sincerely yours, George B. Dorr. Hugurnah Head ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D. c. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON September 15, 1918. U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D. C. Gentlemen: One other name there is - for a bold, out-standing shoulder of the proposed Champlain Mountain not named upon your map as yet - which we include in our request and ask you to name, in honor to De Mont s and commemoration of the cause for which as a soldier first and afterwards as governor of Pons, he stood in France; Huguenot Head. This shoulder dominates on it s eastern side the deep, pre- cipitously bordered pass torn out by the ice sheet in its south- ward flow between the proposed Champlain Mountain and the pro- posed Flying Squadron, through which the road runs from Bar Harbor to the resorts upon the southern shore. This shoulder, separated from its mountain by a valley eighty odd feet lower than itself, occupied by a grove of ancient spruce and hemlock x formerly a favorite noon-time haunt of deer, looks northward to Mount Desert Ferry across Frenchman's Bay and southward to Mount Desert Rock, twenty-five miles to sea, whose light flashes out to it at dusk from the darkening sea-horizon. At a recent time geologically, as bench marks on the mountains show, this shoulder must have formed a superb head- land, from five to six hundred feet in height, fronting pre- cipitously on a narrow arm of sea that ran between it and the greater Cadillac and Flying Squadron mass. De Monts, a Huguenot of ancient family in southwestern France, was also a man of broad and liberal religious views, esteemed and trusted by Henry IV and warmly praised in his writings by Champlain - whom he brought out to aid him. In changing the name of the park, as the bill now passed already by the Senate does, from the Sieur de Mont s National Monument to the Mount Desert National Park, De Monts should be recorded still, and this the bold headland that resisted successfully the tremendous ice-sheet thrust which tore out the pass below -2- to within a hundred feet of ocean level offers a singularly happy and appropriate means of doing, linked as it is with the intended Champlain Mountain as the men themselves were linked in their Acadian venture and looking broadly out be- side it across the waters that they sailed together in ex- ploration of our coast as far as to Cape Cod in 1605, fifteen years before the coming of the Mayflower. All these names proposed have been carefully devised with reference to the national ownership of the Sieur de Mont s Monument, and are suggested by the same motives which gave that name to it - the President and Secretary of the Interior concurring. That motive is to convey to the American people, the new owner of these lands, some realizing consciousness of an in- teresting and half-forgotten past that this corner of their land has had. And to this motive now a new one has been added, to link that past, with its old French associations, with the present, epoch-making cooperation of America with France and England, on the battlegrounds of Europe and the seas these mountains look 80 broadly out upon, for the cause of freedom and humanity and France's preservation. Yours sincerely, Unique Art of Mount Desert Island Page 1 of 4 Maine.gov State Agencies I Web Policies I My Maine.gov I Email this page Statewide search Unique Art of Mount Desert Island By Harold E. Nelson Drive through Maine's Acadia National Park on Mount Desert Island, especially during the summertime, and you are quite apt to find an artist poised in front of a seascape holding a brush or charcoal applying his or her interpretation to the medium on an easel. Acadia is truly a place of inspiration for budding and experienced artists. Recently while researching the surveying and mapping history of the U.S. Coast Survey's 19th century activities in Maine, I discovered a selection of art of that majestic island that most assuredly has never appeared in public before, by an "artist" named Edwin Hergesheimer. Hergesheimer created these renderings while working for the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey (C&GS) as an assistant in charge of the Topographic Division. North Summit and Face of Echo Mt.Mt Dosert ra. From South Summit.) In an era before the Coast Survey published actual procedural manuals for their forces spread out over the United States, Hergesheimer's seemingly three dimensional elevation view drawings were created with accompanying plan-view topographical maps as an aid to standardize map symbols used by the Survey, and to show how to interpret contours. His work appears in the 1883 "Annual Report of the Superintendent of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey". Some of this work was published in mapping manuals of the C&GS in the 1900's. http://www.state.me.us/newsletter/dec99/unique_art_of_mount_desert_islan.htm 7/18/2003 Unique Art of Mount Desert Island Page 2 of 4 The Coast Survey published it's mapping results by reproducing prints from engraved copper plates prepared from field topographic sheets. After their production, blank topographic sheets of paper were allowed to "age" SO they would not be SO susceptible to shrinkage and expansion. A topographer would place a blank sheet on a device called a planetable, which closely resembled a surveyors transit mounted on a drafting board. INSTRUMENTS AND ADJUSTMENTS. 9 No. 7. - -Plane table and alidade, 1865 type. Planetable from U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey The paper was ruled with degrees and minutes of latitude and longitude, and key survey stations and reference points, such as spires, tanks, or "a flag in tree", all previously known tp://www.state.me.us/newsletter/dec99/unique_art_of_mount_desert_islan.htm 7/18/2003 Unique Art of Mount Desert Island Page 3 of 4 points wele plautu au MEN would me planetavie and paper in relation with the stations and commence his work of intersecting angles to shoreline points. The "stadia method" of distance determination was used to determine the magnitude (distance) of unintersected vectors. A rodman would take his metrically graduated rod to points he selected that best represented the shoreline. The observer would read where stadia wires in the instrument intersected the rod and compute the distance. Just as in today's topographic surveys, the maps were made by simply playing "connect the dots", only the method of data collection and manipulation has changed dramatically. Era of Change: During my career with Maine Department of Transportation (MDOT) Survey, I have seen many changes, both in the development of project plans and large scale mapping. For plansheets, topographical data used to be hand measured with a cloth tape from a baseline or centerline. Vertical data used to be read from optical instruments and both were hand written into a field book, which in turn was used to prepare plansheets and cross sections for highway and bridge projects. Today this data is collected by one instrument and electronically placed in a data collector. The data collector can then be downloaded into a laptop computer and the actual survey model of data collected in the morning can be viewed and inspected for accuracy right in the survey van. Mapping techniques (used where large amounts of coverage are desired) at MDOT have changed over the years also. Until recently, numerous "picture points" were set for aerial photography, some for elevation and some for horizontal position. From this data a geodetic framework of survey stations was created, based on the appropriate horizontal and vertical national datums. Today we are testing the waters of Airborne GPS (Global Positioning System) mapping techniques that with the aid of orbiting satellites position the camera precisely within a three dimensional reference framework at the time of exposure. Spawned by the computer age, this ability to know a previously unknown component eliminates the need for densification of control stations and picture points. The few that are required are a for 'ground truthing" the developed model. This allows Survey to maintain needed accuracy and delivering an on-time cost-effective product to our customers. Currently, both mapping and site specific survey data can exist as electrons, and therefore be massaged into one model. Survey crews not only collect data, but also perform the drafting. Engineers and planners are able to experiment with different design scenarios for cost and feasibility estimation without a return trip to the field for additional data collection. It would be most interesting to see what art Mr. Hergesheimer would create today using our new equipment. The importance of coastline to surveyors and scientists was stated succinctly by Henry Laurens Whiting, the dean of Coast Survey topographers, in the mid-Nineteenth Century: "The limit of land and water is the most striking and important outline which exists in nature To define this boundary between land and water, the http://www.state.me.us/newsletter/dec99/unique_art_of_mount_desert_islan.htm 7/18/2003 Unique Art of Mount Desert Island Page 4 of 4 Coast Survey sent topographic mapping crews to every part of our farflung coast. The topographers often sketched the sections of coast that they were mapping which was the first attempt to acquire detailed views of much of the United States coastline. Edwin Hergesheimer was appointed to the Division of Topography in 1882 and his drawings were published in 1883 in the Annual Report of the Superintendent of the US Coast Survey. This website address will take readers to the NOAA historical map drawings site: www.photolib.noaa.gov\lb_images\historic\c&gs\topo.htm. Harold E. Nelson is a 22 year employee with MDOT's Survey Section and has served as the sections Project Coordinator since 1990. His special area of interest is Geodesy, Geodetic history, and GPS applications that enhance Survey's product for it 's customers. Special thanks to MDOT Photo Lab for digitizing the images used in this article. http://www.state.me.us/newsletter/dec99/unique_art_of_mount_desert_islan.htm 7/18/2003 COPY LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK Bar Harbor, Maine July 17, 1928. Dear Mr. Demaray: I write in answer to your letter of July 10th in regard to the proposed changes in certain names in Lafayette National Park, and elsewhere on Mount Desert Island, as contained in the letter from Mr. Will C. Barnes, Secretary of the United States Geographic Board. The changes listed by Mr. Barnes as within the boundaries of the National Park are three: 1. Bubble Pond, proposed to be called Turtle Lake as on the Colburn and Stewart map of 1887. Turtle Lake is the better name, though both names are of early summer visitor use. The name Bubble Pond was given by mistake, I imagine, through an assumed connection with the Bubble Mountain ridge to the west but this is separated from it by the whole mass of Pemetic Mountain and can not be even seen from it. Neither name goes back to first settler days -- when the Pond so far as it had a name at all was known as "Southeast Pond", as I recall it, the original New England settlers of the Island not using the work "lake" at all but "pond" only. The name Turtle Lake has fallen out of use but the change seems to me a good one. 2. The Flying Squadron, proposed to be changed to Flying Squadron Mountain, omitting the word "The". The change strikes me as a wholly good one. The map of 1922 is in error in showing Loosi w Qui two peaks; the mountain has but a single, well-defined peak, 1268 feet in height. The subsidiary peak given at 1100 feet does not exist. Gus 3. Great Pond Hill is not a hill but the pass between Great Hill and Cadillac Mountain. Great Pond Hill is what might be called a "road" hill, a long, steep hill on the road between Bar Harbor and Somesville, occupying the saddle between Great Hill and Cadillac Mountain. The name is misplaced on the map, being trans- ferred from the road pass to the north ridge of the mountain, where it does not belong. I would suggest that it be omitted wholly, leav- ing the name Great Hill to the hill to its north to which it is appropriate. Eagle Lake was called by the early settlers Great Pond, the name Eagle Lake being given it in 1855 by Frederick Church, the artist, as I have record, on account of eagles whom he saw flying over it. Great Hill does not look directly down on the lake and the name Great Pond Hill would not be appropriate to it. As a road-pass, Great Pond Hill opened directly to the lake, the road over it passing the lake outlet on its way to Somesville. Yours sincerely, (Sgd) GEORGE B. DORR Superintendent. ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D. C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON JUL 19 1928 Mr. Will C. Barnes, Secretary, United States Geographic Board, Congressional Library, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Barnes: In reference to your letter of July 9, in regard to the change in place names on Mount Desert Island within Lafayette National Park referred to your Board by the Coast and Geodetic Survey, we submitted this matter to the superintendent of the park, Mr. George B. Dorr, who has replied under date of July 17. Copy of Superintendent Dorr's letter is inclosed herewith. The Service concurs in the superinten- dent's views. In this connection we suggested to Mr. Bond, Chairman of the Board, that we be given an opportunity to submit the views of the Service with reference to other name changes on Mount Desert Island under consideration by the Board, and we understood that you would furnish us a list of these further changes, but have not yet re- ceived the same. We had advised Superintendent Dorr that we would submit these further changes to him, and in commenting on the matter CBDD he has written as follows: "I made a long study of a number of these names for Mr. Bond in 1922 and sent him a report on them on which 1922 changes in a number of the mountain names upon the Island were made without respect to their inclusion in the Park and it would be desirable I should have opportunity to submit a report on any changes that may be now in view. The whole range of mountains will soon have been acquir- ed for inclusion in the Park, and become an actual Park range. Title was taken yesterday in my name to a half ? of the last one remaining of which we have not owned till now at least the summit portions. With regard to this or any other features of the Island, within or without the Park, I will gladly furnish the Geographic Board with all local or other information available. "Mr. Lynam and I are making now a study of the Island's history in land ownership titles". Sincerely yours, TE Kumaray A. E. Demaray Acting Director. Inclosure 233083. COPY LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK Bar Harbor, Maine July 17, 1928. Dear Mr. Demaray: I write in answer to your letter of July 10th in regard to the proposed changes in certain names in Lafayette National Park, and elsewhere on Mount Desert Island, as contained in the letter from Mr. Will C. Barnes, Secretary of the United States Geographic Board. The changes listed by Mr. Barnes as within the boundaries of the National Park are three: 1. Bubble Pond, proposed to be called Turtle Lake as on the Colburn and Stewart map of 1887. Turtle Lake is the better name, though both names are of early summer visitor use. The name Bubble Pond was given by mistake, I imagine, through an assumed connection with the Bubble Mountain ridge to the west but this is separated from it by the whole mass of Pemetic Mountain and can not be even seen from it. Neither name goes back to first settler days -- when the Pond so far as it had a name at all was known as "Southeast Pond", as I recall it, the original New England settlers of the Island not using the work "lake" at all but "pond" only. The name Turtle overs Lake has fallen out of use but the change seems to me a good one. 2. The Flying Squadron, proposed to be changed to Flying Squadron Mountain, omitting the word "The". The change strikes auc me as a wholly good one. The map of 1922 is in error in showing two peaks; the mountain has but a single, well-defined peak, 1268 feet in height. The subsidiary peak given at 1100 feet does not Gus exist. 3. Great Pond Hill is not a hill but the pass between Great Hill and Cadillac Mountain. Great Pond Hill is what might be called a "road" hill, a long, steep hill on the road between Bar Harbor and Somesville, occupying the saddle between Great Hill and Cadillac Mountain. The name is misplaced on the map, being trans- ferred from the road pass to the north ridge of the mountain, where it does not belong. I would suggest that it be omitted wholly, leav- ing the name Great Hill to the hill to its north to which it is appropriate. Eagle Lake was called by the early settlers Great Pond, the name Eagle Lake being given it in 1855 by Frederick Church, the artist, as I have record, on account of eagles whom he saw flying over it. Great Hill does not look directly down on the lake and the name Great Pond Hill would not be appropriate to it. As a road-pass, Great Pond Hill opened directly to the lake, the road over it passing the lake outlet on its way to Somesville. Yours sincerely, (Sgd) GEORGE B. DORR Superintendent. Gasto Surva ftt. United States Courts Judge's Chambers Bangar, Maine CHAMBERS OF JOHN A. PETERS DISTRICT JUDGE Sept. 5, 1930. S. 3. Rodick Eeq. Searetary etc., Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear Mr. Rodick: I have your postal card asking my opinion in regard to the use of the new names for the Mountains of Mt. Desert Island. I have for years strongly deprecated the changing of the old, well-known names that have come down to us from the Fathers. I prefer the local names for their associations. Then I introduced the bill for the National Park I wanted to call it Mr. Desert National Park, but Mr. Dorr, and I think President Elfiot#, insisted on the name Lafayette, which, from my point of view had no natural connection with the Park. The present name of acadia is much better than the former name, and I suppose will continue. The Park was a new thing and it had no history. But, these Mountains, with their names, to back to the beginning of our local history and I think it is a shame to abuse them as they have been abused Mr. Dorr called one Cadil (ac", and I told him at the time, if he was going to do that he ought to call another one "Buick! and certainly a peak near Seal Harbor ought to be called*Ford! Put me down as being in favor of the old names. Very truly yours, Jackson ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON SEP -6 1923 Mr. Will C. Barnes, Secretary, United States Geographic Board, Congressional Library, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Barnes: I am enclosing herewith copy of a letter received from Superintendent Dorr of Lafayette National Park giving his views on the appropriateness of names for Mount Desert Island and vicinity referred to in your letter of August 3rd. Sincerely yours, G. a. Hanking G.A.Moskey, Acting Director. Inclosure: 228802 DEPART ENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK, BAR HARBOR, MAINE. September 1, 1928. Dear Mr. Cammerer: I apparently overlocked, in answering the third letter enclosed me by you from Mr. W. C. Barnes, secretary to the United States Geographic Board. I answer it now, categorically: Round Pond: Whatever the shape and however it came to have the name, V Round Fond is the local usage and were best adhered to. Rumell Island: Rightly spelt Rumell. Ship Harbor: Present local usage calls both bodies of water, of the inner and. outer harbor, Ship Harbor. The name Locust Reach for the outer harbor I have never heard. Soward Island: Best adhere to Soward. Bald Porcupine Island: Both names, Bald Porcupine and Round Porcupine, are used. Local usage prefers Bald Porcupine but Round Porcupine is the better name descriptively. The name Bald percupine was given because at one time, whether owing to fire or winds from off the sea, the summit was bare of trees. It is not bare now but densely wooded for the most part with a low thick growth of spruces. Brewer Mountain: alone Brewery is the better and the familiar name. Bunker Head: Bunker Head is decidedly the better name. -2- Great Head: This is unfamiliar to me. Either name would seem descriptive Vand good. On Mount Desert Island itself there are both a Great Head and a High Head and doubtless there are many up and down the coast. Rice Point: This is the correct name. Bennet Cove: This name is the one in old, familiar usage here and is decidedly to be preferred. Voak Hill: Baid is that how tob bald austin ONE to The name Oak Hill is the one more commonly used and the only one I know. The name Oak Hill would imply that it was covered once V with oak, which means that the soil is fitted to the growth of oak and that oak probably will again cover it some day. If there be soil, nothing stays bare here long; and the word "mountain" seems inadvisable to use if it can be avoided for an elevation SO low. Long Ledge: This name is much to be preferred and is the one in use. Negro Point: Of this point or its name I have no knowledge. Personally, it would seem to me that the word "Negro" were best avoided if another is applicable. Whatever its origin it has no meaning now. With regard to the question left unasnwered in a previous letter concerning the two Johns Islands shown on the Bluehill Bay sheet: These waters are not familiar to me and neither I nor anyone I have come across has any suggestion to make concerning the name. It would john seem, however, that, if either is to be given up, the one bordering Calf Island in Bluehill Bay would be the better to drop as the less important in navigation and not associated, as the other is, with a dry ledge adjoining, carrying the name. Sincerely yours, George B. Dorr, Superintendent. GBD-0 Enclosure: ST Rovenber 12, 1928. Maine Mount Desert Island Dodge Point Director, National Park Service. Dear Sir: Referring to the efforts of this Board to clear up some of the names on Mount Desert Island; The Board has been requested by both of the map-making organizations, interested in this matter, to drop as many duplicate names as is possible, and secure other and ap- propriate names for them. On the U.S.G.S. Lafayette National Park men, the name Dodge appears for two points. One in Hancock County, near the western entrance to Seal Harbor near lat. 44* 17', longs 68* 15'. The other is on the southwestern coast of the island in Tremont town. near lat. 44* 16', long. 68° 25'. Owing to the fact that the point at Seal Cove was named after John S. Dodge, who was elected Selectman at Bass Harbor, August 9, 1648, it seems desirable to retain this name for this - 2 - point at the southern entrance to Seal Cove and secure a new name for the point located at Seal Harbor. We have asked the postmaster at the town of Seal Harbor to suggest a name. We would also be very glad, indeed, if you would have the Supervisor of the Lafayette National Park look into this question and advise us as to a satisfactory name. Although this is outside of the Park, I am sure he is so interested in this one question of names on the island, that he will be able to offer us something in the way of a satisfactory name. Very sincerely yours, will C. Barnes, Secretary. Dodge, point DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE LAFAYETTE NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR. MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT November 18, 1928. Mr. Will C. Barnes, Secretary, United States Geographic Board, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Barnes: Mr. Demaray has referred to me copy of your letter dated November 12th in reference to the point at Seal Harbor entered on the map as Dodge Point, this being a duplicate name and more appropriately applied, as your letter says, to Dodge Point at Seal Cove. I have never heard, myself, the point at Seal Harbor called Dodge Point and it would suggest itself to me that it was SO entered on the map by error in confusion with that at Seal Cove. There is no question, it seems to me, as to the name that should be given the point at Seal Harbor: Crowninshield Point, after Comman- ( der Crowninshield of the United States Navy, tho built upon it one of the first summer residences on that shore and owned and occupied it till he died, when it passed to his widow. (Rearad as) Commander Crowninshield's house was built in the early eighties of last century. This was soon after the house I now occupy was built by my father and I remember Commander Crowninshield and Mrs Crowninshield as visitors at it in those days. What Commander Crowinshield's initials were or what rank in the Navy he finally attained I do not know but these can be easily ascertained from the Navy Department. Whether there was any earlier local name for the point I do not know but I have always heard it spoken of since that time as what I suggest: Crowninshield Point. Any assistance I can give please do not hesitate to ask for, but believe me Yours sincerely, GBD-0 hung B. WOST GOVERNMENT ACTIVITIES REPRESENTED BY MEMBERSHIP ON THE BOARD 1/29/01 EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS COM. EXECUTIVE DEPARTMENTS WHITED STATES TREASURY AGRICULTURE PRINTING FOREST SERVICE WAR COMMERCE GENERAL STAFF CENSUS COAST AND GEODETIC SURVEY FOREIGN AND DOMESTIC COMMERCE SECURITY INDEPENDENT ESTABLISHMENTS LIGHTHOUSES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE PRODUCTION MANAGEMENT INTERIOR GENERAL LAND OFFICE LIBRARY OF CONGRESS GEOLOGICAL SURVEY MAPS AND CHARTS NAVY SMITHSONIAN INSTITUTION HYDROGRAPHIC OFFICE ETHNOLOGY POST OFFICE UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD OFFICES POSTMASTERS APPOINTMENTS TOPOGRAPHY WASHINGTON CHAIRMAN, ROOM 5329 INTERIOR DEPARTMENT BUILDING STATE SECRETARY, LIBRARY OF CONGRESS GEOGRAPHY IN REPLY PLEASE REFER TO November 12, 1928. ST Maine Mount Desert Island Dodge Point Postmaster, Seal Harbor, Mount Desert Island, Maine. Dear Sir: The U. S. Geographic Board is attempting to clear use number of names of places, harbors, points, etc., on Mount Desert Island and adjacent islands. Among these is the name Dodge, which appears in two separate places as Dodge Point. One is at the western entrance to Seal Harbor, near lat. 44° 17', long. 68° 15'. The other is some distance to the west on the southwest coast of the Island, in Tremont Township, near lat. 44° 16', long. 68° 25'. It is located at the southern entrance to Seal Cove. Thus we have a situation where the same name is applied to two separate points, one on Seal Cove, and the other on Seal Harbor. Inasmuch as the records show that the point in Tremont Township, near Seal Cove, was named after John S. Dodge, who was elected Selectman at Bass Harbor, August 9, 1848, and the - 2 - majority of the maps show this point as located there, the Board deems it advisable, at the request of several man-rahing authorities, to endeavor to secure a better name for the point at the western entrance to Seal Harbor, near lat. 44° 17', long. 68° 15'. . This is inmediately adjacent to a town and the Board, therefore, hopes you can make a suggestion as to a name for this point, which will meet with the approval of the local residents and thus enable us to drop one of the two. Very sincerely yours, will C. Barnes, Secretary. Seal Harbor. mance wm C. Barnes Sic. nor 20th 19a Washington D.C. Dear Slr: a portion of this point of land the was formerly Replying to above letter that will say that owned by slodge and went by name of and for several back and has been by rodges Point was sold to admiral I think Bowninshield Crowninshields the Summer Colony Point years mostly unless t there io one by this name I think S t would be very satis factory Very truly yours. Cynthiag P l lement PM, November 12, 1928. ST Maine Mount Desert Island Dodge Point Postmaster, Seal Harbor, Mount Desert Island, Maine. Dear Sir: The U. S. Geographic Board is attempting to clear up a number of names of places, harbors, points, etc., on Mount Desert Island and adjacent islands. Among those is the name Dodge, which appears in two separate places as Dodge Point. One is at the western entrance to Seal Harbor, near lat. 44° 17', long. 68° 15'. The other is some distance to the west on the southwest coast of the Island, in Tremont Township, near lat. 44° 16', long. 68* 25'. It is located at the southern entrance to Seal Cove. Thus we have a situation where the same name is applied to two separate points, one on Seal Cove, and the other on Seal Harbor. Inasmuch as the records show that the point in Tremont Township. near Seal Cove, was named after John S. Dodge, who was elected Selectman at Bass Harbor, August 9, 1848, and the - 2 - majority of the maps show this point as located there, the Board deems it advisable, at the request of several map-making authorities, to endeavor to secure a better name for the point at the western entrance to Seal Harbor, near lat. 44° 17', long. 68* 15'. This is immediately adjacent to a town and the Board, therefore, hopes you can make a suggestion as to a name for this point, which will meet with the approval of the local residents and thus enable us to drop one of the two. Very sincerely yours, will 0. Barnes, Secretary. ST November 12, 1928. Maine Mount Desert Island Dodge Point Director, National Park Service. Dear Sir: Referring to the efforts of this Board to clear up some of the names on Mount Desert Island; The Board has been requested by both of the map-making organizations, interested in this matter, to drop as many duplicate names as is possible, and secure other and ap- propriate names for them. On the U.S.G.S. Lafayette National Park man, the name Dodge appears for two points. One in Hancock County, near the western entrance to Seal Harbor near lat. 44° 17', longo 68* 15'. The other is on the southwestern coast of the island in Tremont town, near lat. 44° 16', long. 68° 25'. Owing to the fact that the point at Seal Cove was named after John S. Dodge. who was elected Selectman at Bass Harbor, August 9, 1848, it seems desirable to retain this name for this - 2 - point at the southern entrance to Seal Cove and secure a now name for the point located at Seal Harbor. We have asked the postmaster at the town of Seal Harbor to suggest a name. We would also be very glad, indeed, if you would have the Supervisor of the Lafayette National Park look into this question and advise us as to a satisfactory name. Although this is outside of the Park, I am sure he is so interested in this one question of names on the island, that he will be able to offer us something in the way of a satisfactory name. Very sincerely yours, will C. Barnes, Secretary. IN REPLYING REFER TO INITIALS AND DATE ENTS Post Office Department FIRST ASSISTANT POSTMASTER GENERAL AF Washington November 30, 1928. Hon. Will C. Barnes, Secretary, U. S. Geographic Board, Congressional Library. Dear Captain Barnes: At the last meeting there was a decision on the name of the place where we have the post office of Salisbury Cove in Hancock County, Maine. I did not make very much of a note about it at the time and overlooked attending to the matter here for so long that I have for- gotten what the facts were on which the change of name was approved by the Board. The post office name is spelled Salisbury Cove. I think you had evidence that the legal spelling of the name of the place is different. I wish you would give me just briefly the facts so that I can give attention to the name of the post office. Sincerely yours, Superintendent. M9 United States Courts Judge's Chambers Bangor, Maine CHAMBERS OF JOHN A. PETERS DISTRICT JUDGE Sept. 5, 1950. S. 3. Rodick Esq., Secretary etc., Bar Harbor, Maine. Dear Mr. Rodick: I have your postal card asking my opinion in regard to the use of the new names for the Mountains of Mt. Desert Island. I have for years strongly deprecated the changing of the old, well - known names that have come down to us from the Fathers. I prefer the local names for their associations. When I introduced the bill for the National Park I wanted to call it Mr. Desert National Park, but Mr. Dorr, and I think President lifiot#, insisted on the Name Lafayette, which, from my point of view had no natural connection with the Park. The present name of Guadia is much better than the former name, and I suppose will continue. The Park was a new thing and it had no history. But, these Mountains, with their names, 30 back to the beginning of our local history and I think it is a shame to abuse them as they have been abused Mr. Dorr called one Cadilac", and I told him at the time, if he was going to do that he ought to call another one "Buick! and certainly 3 peak near Seal Herbor ought to be calledWord? Put me down as being in favor of the old names. Very truly yours, December 3, 1920. ST Maine Mount Desert Island Mr. L. N. Morgan, Superintendent, Division of Postmasters' Appointments, Post Office Department, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Morgan: Referring to your letter AF November 30, The decision made by the Board as to the proper spelling of the name Salsbury, a town and cove in Hencock County. Maine. on the northern coast of Mount Desert Island, was based upon old records running back to the early sottlement of the island. Walling's man of Rancock County, 1860, Street's History of Mount Desart Island, also Walling's List of Family Names, scells the name Salsbury. The change in the spelling from this to Salisbury seems to appear on modern maps, the first one being that of Colby and Staust in 1887. In all the old records, which were available, the family which evidently was quite a large one spelled the name, Salsbary. Very sincerely yours, will C. Barnes, Secretary. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTE) November 17, 1930. DENT The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Director: I am having prepared a corrected U. S. C. S. Kap, Acadia National Park sheet, in accordance with your request of recent date, the correction data to be noted and used in the new edition of this map. In going over the map to make corrections in place names to bring them into harmony with the decisions of the United States Geographic Board, published under date of November 7, 1928, I have discovered what seems to be an unintentional reversal of one place name on the Island. The name in question is that of Salisbury Cove. On page five of the printed list of decisions on November 7, 1928 you will note that the name is set down as Salsbury and at the end of the para- graph is to be found in parenthesis not Salisbury and it is here that the reversal has occured. I will here state that the old family name from which the Cove and th little settlement was originally named was Salisbury and is the name which the Cove and Settlement should bear and I am sure also it is the name which was intended to have been officially given. My reason for so believing will be found in notes submitted to the National Park Service by Will C. Barnes, Secretary of the Geographic Board, under date of July 31, 1928. On page two of those notes is to be found the following: "Salisbury; town and cove, Hancock County, Maine, on North coast of Mt. Desert Island, South side Eastern Bay, North lat. 44 26', long. 68 17'. (Not Salsbury .) Family name. I think it would be desirable for the Service to call the at- tention of the Geographic Board to this matter and have it corrected becaus there is no question but what Salisbury is correct and is no doubt the name which was intended to have been designated as official. Very truly yours, (Sgd.) George B. Dorr Superintendent. ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D. c. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON NOV ST 1980 Mr. John J. Cameron, Secretary, U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Cameron: Mr. George B. Dorr, Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, has called my attention to the Board's decisions dated November 7, 1928, in which he claims that the name "Salisbury Cove" is mis- spelled. A copy of Mr. Dorr's letter is herewith inclosed which gives his explanation of the name. Will you please look this matter over and advise me? Sincerely yours, ARNO B GATTERER, Inclosure No. 7521 Associate Director. mt. Desert Island Safayette n. (me) r. (Salabury) November 25, 1930. Mr. Arno B. Cammerer, Associate Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Cammerer: Receipt is acknowledged of your letter of November 21, enclosing letter from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, relating to the correct spelling of a town and cove on Mount Desert Island. I find in looking over our records that the decision as printed on November 7, 1928, Salsbury, is correct; and also that Mr. Barnes in July, 1928, was, as sug- gested by Mr. Borr, of the opinion that the correct form was Salisbury. Mr. Barnes's change of opinion was due to subsequent research which convinced him that the family spelled its name Salsbury. AS Mr. Barnes wrote to the Post Office Department on December 3, 1928, who raised the same question as Mr. Dorr: "Referring to your letter AF November 30: "The decision made by the board as to the proper spelling of the name Salsbury, a town and cove in Hamcock County, Maine, on the northern coast of Mount Desert Island, was based upon old records running back to the early settlement of the island. Walling's map of Hancock County, 1860, Street's History of Mount Desert Island, also Walling's List of Family Names, spells the name Salsbury. - 2 - "The change in the spelling from this to Salisbury seems to appear on modern maps, the first one being that of Colby and Stuart in 1887. In all the old records, which were avail- able, the family which evidently was quite a large one, spelled the name Salsbury." I shall be pleased to receive any data Mr. Dorr may wish to present, so that if the name in question is spelled incorrectly a correction may be made at an early date. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. C. / UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NAITONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL P RK BAR Herbor, LATHE November 26, 1930. The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Doar Mr. Director: In accordance with the request contained in your letter of November 8 I am sending two geological survey maps of Mt. Desort Islandland nearby mainland on which I have noted, on the one copy, the additional and which has been accepted by the Government in extension of the National Park, and on the other I have noted all recent name changes authorized by the United States Geographic Board. Concerning the map on which name changes are noted I would call your attention particularly to the addition of the name "Carter Nubble" lying between EchcLake and Great Pond and west of Beech Cliff. The name Carter Bubble did not appear on the map and was one of the names authorized by the Geographic Board in its decisions published November 7, 1928. I have also included the name "Hio" which has cane to be 10- cally accept ed through long usage and is published on several mans of the region. This name is given to a hill one hundred and sixty feet high southwest of the Village of Manset. While the none is not official I think it would be well to have it put on the map for the reason stated. The name Great Pond Hill which has appeared for a great many years on maps of the Island was eliminated a few years ago by the Geographic Board and I have red-penciled that name to be eliminated. The other name changes are in the main the dropping of the possessive, a pro- cedure which I understand is more and more recognized and followed in nomenclature. I have added the new Cadillac Mountain Supmit Motar Road with C black line because this road will be finished by the time the man is reissued. I have also red-penciled for elimination a short piece of road in the northwest section of the Island which has been abandoned during the last ten years and is no longer a part of the town road system. I have likewise red-penciled for elimination, but perhaps not too plannly, another short piece of town road which has been aban- doned at the head of Otter Cove. I think there are no other changes on the map which require particular explanation. If there is anything about the map which is not clear I will be glad to make further explanation. Very truly yours, GEORGE B. DORR, Superintendent. ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR, NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D. c. UNITED STATES U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR JAN 20 1981 NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON RECEIVED JAP 24 Mr. Frank Bond, Chairman, U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Bond: By letter of November 26, 1930, the Superintendent of Acadia National Park suggested several changes in the spelling of the names on the Acadia National Park geographic map. One or two additional names have also been suggested. A copy of the Superintendent's letter together with a copy of the Acadia National Park map showing these changes is hereto attached. Also I am inclosing a copy of Service letter of even date to the U. S. Geological Survey advising them of these suggestions. Will you please advise the Geological Survey and this Service of the Board's decisions? Sincerely yours, Inclosure No. 40551 Senior Assistant Director. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE Feb. 14, 1931 Mr. A. E. Densary Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Demaray: I write in answer to your letter of February 5th containing copy of letter to the Director from Mr. Frank Bond concerning certain names shown on the Mount Desert Island map. Lir. Bond lists eight names on which he asks report. Bald Mountain now Oak Hill Buniker Head w keep Red Rocks Hunters Creek # Hunters Bench Brock Hunters Beach # Hunters Beach Cove liegro Point = Spruce Point Otter Point . Otter Creek Point Round Island Bald Porcupine Island Turtle Lake Bubble Pond To take them in detail: Bald Mountain, now Oak Hill. This is a low elovation, rising scarcely 200 feet above sea level; it is not a prominent landscape feature and is is in a remote section, so that neither name, both of which exist, can be in frequent uso. At present bare, it is natural oak territory where oaks presently will grow age in. The name Oak Hill would seem to me better as the more permanently descriptive. The word "rountain" is inappropriate and my suggestion is to leave #, un- disturbed, as on the DAPY care Bunker Head I think decidedly to be preforred to Red Rocks. It tells of oldtime, native ownership, long hold. Red Rocks would be one of the relatively recent summer-visitor nanos of which a miltitude have been given and forgotten, and is not distinctivo on this coast where iron gives frequent color to the granite. 2 Hunters Creek. This is evidently an oversight for Hunters Brook. There is no creek. Hunters Beach. This replacos Hunters Boach Cove and is botter. Cove, capable of aheltering a vessel, there is none. Negro Point, replacing Spruce Point. It does not soon to me material which name is used. Negro is a name coming from long occupation of a negro owner, the only one probably upon the Island at that time. Spruce Point is old, too, and is descriptive. Otter Point, replacing Otter Creek Point, is a gain in brovity, without loss. Round Island, replacing Bald Porcupine Island, is, I feel, a change that ought not to be made. The Island is one of a group known as the Porcupines, a name that goes back to early times. The others in the group are Sheep Porcupine, where sheep fornerly were pastured; Burnt Porcupine, wooded again already when I first knew it as a boy; Long Porcupine, and Bald Porcupine as it is commonly known, or round Percupine as it has been also called, which is the boldest of the group and lies directly athwart the entrance to Frenchmans Bay, with high, sea-fronting cliffs and channels either side. Above the cliffs the rocky top is bare or covered only with low, wind-stunted growth. These islands as a grod shelter from the sea the broad expanse of upper Frenchmans Bay and must always be a conspicuous and important feature. Would it not be possible to drop the word'island' in connection with the entire group and call them simply Sheep, Burnt, Long and Bald -or Round-Porcupines, leaving the word tisland' to be understood, it showing on the map that they are such? This would be in line with "The Thrumcap," an island too, and neighboring. I feel doubtful about the change from Bubble Pond to Turtle Lake. The Park road contributed by Mr. Rockefaller and completed half a dozen years ago makes a landscape feature of this pond and has so emphasized the name Bubble Pond and given it the sanction of the Park that some strong ground would seem required to make the change desirable. The original early settler name was Southeast Pond, Eagle Lake into which iss water drains being then Great Pond. The word 'lake' was not known apparently to the early settlers, who called all sheets of fresh water'ponds.' Sincerely yours, George N. Dorr, GBD-0 Superintendent ADDRESS ONLY E DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON FEB 17 13 Mr. Frank Bond, Chairman, U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Bond: By your letter of January 29, 1931, you asked for further information as to the local usage of certain names suggested by the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park. By letter of February 14 the Superintendent has reported on the local usage of these names and a copy of his letter is herewith inclosed for your information. If any further information is desired please do not hesitate to call upon us. Sincerely yours, Inclosure No.37625 Senior Assistant Director. - 2 - Mr. Dorr's views are always most welcome as they are interesting and have a historical background. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. February 21, 1931. Mr. A. E. Demaray, Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Demaray: I have your letter of February 17, addressed to the Chairman, enclosing a letter, dated February 14, from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, furnishing information requested by Mr. Bond relative to names snown on the Mount Desert Island map. I shall bring Mr. Dorr's views to the attention of our Executive Committee, which possibly may consider revising several of the decisions passed on November 7, 1928. with reference to the name Hio, mentioned in Mr. Dorr's letter of November 26, 1930, for a hill south- west of Manset: I find that name an old one, and at the next meeting of the board I shall be pleased to suggest its adoption. At that time, I shall also be pleased to bring to the board's attention Mr. Dorr's suggestion that the name Porcupine Islands be adopted as a general name for the four islands immediately east and northeast of Bar Harbor, which would permit the use of the names Long, Burnt, Sheep, and Round leaving the word island to be understood. March 5, 1931. Mr. A. E. Demaray, Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Demaray; Please refer to your letter of February 17, addressed to the Chairman, enclosing letter from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, relative to certain names shown on the Mount Desert Island map: The board yesterday adopted, in accordance with Mr. Dorr's suggestion, the name Hio for a hill southwest of Manset; and also the name Porcunines for a group of five islands in Frenchman Bay, and included in that group Round Porcupine and Rum Key islands. with reference to changing the name Turtla Lake, which name was approved by the board on November 7, 1928, to Pubble Pond, I shall be pleased upon your recommendation to bring the proposed change of name to the attention of the board at its next meeting. Incidentally, it would appear that in a letter to the Park Service, dated July 17, 1928, that Mr. Dorr approved of the name Turtle Lake. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. March 5, 1931. Mr. A. E. Demaray, Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Demaray; Please refer to your letter of February 17, addressed to the Chairman, enclosing letter from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, relative to certain names shown on the Mount Desert Island map: The board yesterday adopted, in accordance with Mr. Dorr's suggestion, the name Hio for a hill southwest of Manset; and also the name Porcunines for a group of five islands in Frenchman Bay, and included in that group Round Porcupine and Rum Key islands. With reference to changing the name Turtle Lake, which name was approved by the board on November 7, 1928, to Pubble Pond, I shall be pleased upon your recommendation to bring the proposed change of name to the attention of the board at its next meeting. Incidentally, it would appear that in a letter to the Park Service, dated July 17. 1928, that Mr. Dorr approved of the name Turtle Lake. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. February 21, 1931. Mr. A. E. Demaray, Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Demaray: I have your letter of February 17, addressed to the Chairman, enclosing a letter, dated February 14, from the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park, furnishing information requested by Mr. Bond relative to names snown on the Mount Desert Island map. I shall bring Mr. Dorr's views to the attention of our Executive Committee, which possibly may consider revising several of the decisions passed on November 7, 1928. with reference to the name Hio, mentioned in Mr. Dorr's letter of November 26, 1930, for a hill south- west of Manset: I find that name an old one, and at the next meeting of the board I shall be pleased to suggest its adoption. At that time, I shall also be pleased to bring to the board's attention Mr. Dorr's suggestion that the name Porcupine Islands be adopted as a general name for the four islands immediately east and northeast of Bar Harbor, which would permit the use of the names Long, Burnt, Sheep, and Round leaving the word island to be understood. - 2 - Mr. Dorr's views are always most welcome as they are interesting and have a historical background. Sincerely, John J. Cameron, Secretary. - that the Board shall have available the infor Note : This memo was filed Supt Don to insure S. CHALMAN 90329 mation it contains. Ki MAR C 1931 RECEIVED Full Memorandum On certain mountain names in the Mount Desert Island chain established by decisions of the United States Geographic Board at its meeting held October 2d, 1918, end later: Acedia, Bornard, Cadillac, Champlain, Flying Squadron, luguenot Head, Mansell, Norumbega, Parkman, Penobscot, St. Sauveur. These names belong to a range of granite hills which traverses Mount Desert Island in a northeast-southwest direction and was originally, geologically speaking, a solid granite dike, uphonved, molton, into deep regional-rock deposits which have since been completely eroded away to near or below the present ocean level. This dike, exposed and standing athwart the seaward movement of successive ice-sheets, became deeply trenched across, croating a series of isolated peaks divided by transvorse gorges and deep, lake-filled valleys, or sea- flooded at the Island's center to create the single glacial fiord 02 our Atlantic coast, Somes Sound. -1- It was these bold rock masses rising from the sea that led Champlain, sailing in 3 ptember, 1604, from the St. Croix colony on the Bay of Fundy, to name the Island: 'Isle des Monts deserts. : No names were given to the individual pools that compose the range by the early French or later English settlers, for whom they had no interest except in range as a beacon from the sea, or for the lumber 2 to DC cut along their bases. Such names as the early voye,eurs and sottlers gave sprang from their life along the shore. The harbors, bays and waterways, the islands and the headlands they named. The lakes, of whatever size, were fottewn . S ponds and described by shape or size or geographical position; or by the name of someone Living and lumbering along their shore. The mountains individually acquired names only from the summer visitors after railroads and steamboat lines had brought the Island within reach, none roing beyond living memory when the Government acquired possession. -2- Acadia National Park was first established as the Sieur de Monts National Monument by presidential proclamation. It was established largely upon historic grounds, the interest of its region's early story, and it was felt that the bold, outstanding heights of the Island range, a famous landmark from the sea, should receive names that would help recall that history to the visiting public in the years to come. This was urged by the Secretary of the Interior, Franklin K. Lane, who prepared the proclamation signed by President Wilson. It was urged by President Eliot of Harvard, one of the earliest summer residents upon Mount Desert Island and president of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations fro wilom as holding agent the United States received the gift. And it was in accord with a suggestion made in the History of Mount Desert compiled by the Rev. George E. Street, an early summer visitor, and edited upon his death by Dr. Semuel A. Eliot, son of President Eliot, and familiar from boyhood with the Island, its mountains and its people. -3- The United States Geographic Board, on the matter being brought before it, asked for a report upon the names in use with suggestion for others appropriate to the dignity and historical purpose of the National Monument, which had itself been named in the same intent for the founder of Acadia, the Sieur de Monts, viceroy of Henry IV, to whom the coming of Champlain and first recorded exploration of the coast was due. The report was rendered and remains on file. In it, reasons were given for not wishing to perpetuate in the terri- tory given to the nation the names it was desired to change. Others, in replacement, were suggested and favorably acted on. The gift of one of the beautiful mountains in the chain, Acadia Mountain, fronting on Somes Sound, immediately followed, conditioned on the name. Others followed, giving entra ce to Champlain Mountain, St. Sauveur Mountain and the Jesuit Field, all linked with the historic interest these names recalled. To Cadillac Mountain summit the United States is now building a wonderful road, the Cadillac Mountain road, whose name will tell to every visiting motorist of the Island's once earliest owner and/feudal lord, and its link with the great city of Detroit he founded. -4- The Park itself, carrying out the thought, has been renamed by recent Act of Congress: Acadia National Park, while at the foot of Flying Squadron Mountain a now famous spring has been developed, commemorating in its name the Sieur de Monts and the founding of Acadia. Alongside of this, on land given for the purpose and conveyed recently in free gift to the Park, a museum of enduring material and fire-proof has been built and liberally endowed through the energy and interest of Dr. Robert Abbe of New York, who has since died, for the housing and ex- hibition of Indian relics of the stone age period found along these shores, where there were many and old settlements at the coming of the whi te man and numerous shell-heaps that remain. The entire Island range is now included in the Park as the plan intended, or is on its way to be so, and its noble granite masses, clear-cut against the sky as they front on that great ocean highway which brought the first discoverers and colonists to the land, have become true historic documents that will record forever to succeeding generations the human background to the Park. - 5- ADDRESS ONLY ,E DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON. D.C. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON FEB 17 193 Mr. Frank Bond, Chairman, U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Bond: By your letter of January 29, 1931, you asked for further information as to the local usage of certain names suggested by the Superintendent of the Acadia National Park. By letter of February 14 the Superintendent has reported on the local usage of these names and a copy of his letter is herewith inclosed for your information. If any further information is desired please do not hesitate to call upon us. Sincerely yours, Inclosure No.37625 Senior Assistant Director. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR, MAINE Feb. 14, 1931 Mr. A. E. Demaray, Senior Assistant Director, National Park Service, Washington, D.C. Dear Mr. Demaray: I write in answer to your letter of February 5th containing copy of letter to the Director from Mr. Frank Bond concerning certain names shown on the Mount Desert Island map. Mr. Bond lists eight names on which he asks report. Bald Mountain now Oak Hill Buniker Head Red Rocks Hunters Creek " Hunters Bench Brock Hunters Beach # Hunters Beach Cove Negro Point # Spruce Point Otter Point Otter Creek Point Round Island Bald Porcupine Island Turtle Lake Bubble Pond To take them in detail: Bald Mountain, now Oak Hill. This is a low elovation, rising scarcely 200 feet above sea level; it is not a prominent landscape feature and is is in a remote section, so that neither name, both of which exist, can be in frequent use. At present bare, it is natural oak territory where oaks presently will grow again. The name Oak Hill would seem to me better as the more permanently descriptive. The word "nountain" is inappropriate and my suggestion is to leave it, un- disturbed, as on the map! Oak fills Bunker Head I think decidedly to be preforred to Red Rocks. It tells of old time, native ownership, long hold. Rod Rocks would be one of the relatively recent sunner-visitor nanes of which a miltitude have been given and forgotten, and is not distinctivo on this coast where iron gives frequent color to the granite. 2 Hunters Creek. This is evidently an oversight for Hunters Brook. There is no creek. Hunters Beach. This replaces Hunters Boach Cove and is botter. Cove, capable of sheltering a vessel, there is none. Negro Point, replacing Spruce Point. It does not soon to me material which name is used. Negro is a IMPERS coming from long occuration of a negro owner, the only one probably upon the Island at that time. Spruce Point is old, too, and is descriptive. Otter Point, replacing Otter Creek Point, is a gin in brovity, without losa. Round Island, replacing Bald Porcupine Island, is, I feel, a change that ought not to be made. The Island is one of a group known as the Porcupines, a name that goes back to early times. The others in the group are Sheep Porcupine, where sheep fornerly were pastured; Burnt Porcupine, wooded again already when I first knew it as a boy; Long Porcupine, and Bald Porcupine as it is commonly known, or round Por cupine as it has been also called, which is the boldest of the group and lies directly athwart the entrance to Frenchmans Bay, with high, sea-fronting cliffs and channels either side. Above the cliffs the rocky top is bare or covered only with low, wind-stunted growth. These islands as a grod shelter from the sea the broad expanse of upper Frenchmans Bay and must always be a conspicuous and important feature. Would it not be possible to drop the word'island' in connection with the entire group and call them simply Sheep, Burnt, Long and Bald -or Round-Porcupines, leaving the word 'island' to be understood, it showing on the map that they are such? This would be in line with "The Thruncap," an island too, and neighboring. I feel doubtful about the change from Bubble Pond to Turtle Lake. The Park road contributed by Mr. Rockefeller and completed half e dozen years ago makes a landscape feature of this pond and has so emphasized the name Bubble Pond and given it the sanction of the Park that some strong ground would seem required to make the change desirable. The original early settler name was Southeast Pond, Eagle Lake into which iss water drains being then Great Pond. The word 'lake' was not known apparently to the early settlers, who called all sheets of fresh water ponds. Sincerely yours, George H. Dorr, GBD-0 Superintendent Note This memo was filed by Supt Don to insure mation it contains that the Board shall have available the infor 05/20/2010 Bill MAR C 1931 RECEIVED Memorandum on certain mountain names in the Mount Desert Island chain established by decisions of the United States Geographic Board at its meeting held October 2d, 1918, and later: Acedia, Bornard, Cadillic, Champlain, Flying Squadron, Liuguenot Head, Mansell, Norumbega, Parkman, Penobscot, st. Sauveur. These names belong to a range of granite hills which traverses Mount Desert Island in a northeast-southwest direction and was originally, geologically speaking, a solid granite dike, uphonved, molton, into deep regional-rock deposits which have since been completely eroded away to near or below the present ocean level. This dike, exposed and standing athwart the seaward movement of successive ice-sheets, became deeply trenched across, creating a series of isolated peaks divided by transverse gorges and deep, lake-filled valleys, or sea- flooded at the Island's center to create the single glacial fiord 02 our Atlintic const, Somes Sound. -1- It was these bold rock masses rising fron the sea that led Champlain, sailing in 3 ptember, 1604, from the St. Croix colony on the Bay of Fundy, to name the Island: 'Isle des Monts deserts. 1 No names were siven to the individual pools that compose the range by the early Fronch or later English settlers, for whom they had no interest except in range as 0 beacon from tie sea, or for the number to DE cut along their bases. Such names as the early voyagours and sottlers gave sprang from their life along the shore. The harbors, bays and waterways, the islands and the headlands they named. The lakes, of whatever size, were S ponds and described by shape or size or geographical position; or by the name of someone living and lumbering clans their shore. The mountains individually acquired names only from the summer visitors after railroads and steamhost lines had brought the Island within reach, none going beyond living memory when the Government acquired possession. -2- Acadia National Park was first established as the Sieur de Monts National Monument by presidential proclamation. It was established largely upon historic grounds, the interest of its region's early story, and it was felt that the bold, outstanding heights of the Island range, a famous landmark from the sea, should receive names that would help recall that history to the visiting public in the years to come. This was urged by the Secretary of the Interior, Franklin K. Lane, who prepared the proclamation signed by President Wilson. It was urged by President Eliot of Harvard, one of the earliest summer residents upon Mount Desert Island and president of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations fro whom as holding agent the United States received the gift. And it was in accord with a suggestion made in the History of Mount Desert compiled by the Rev. George E. Street, an early summer visitor, and edited upon his death by Dr. Semuel A. Eliot, s on of President Eliot, and familiar from boyhood with the Island, its mountains and its people. -3- The United States Geographic Board, on the matter being brought before it, asked for a report upon the names in use with suggestion for others appropriate to the dignity and historical purpose of the National Monument, which had itself been named in the same intent for the founder of Acadia, the Sieur de Monts, viceroy of Henry IV, to whom the coming of Champlain and first recorded exploration of the coast was due. The report was rendered and remains on file. In it, reasons were given for not wishing to perpetuate in the terri- tory given to the nation the names it was desired to change. Others, in replacement, were suggested and favorably acted on. The gift of one of the beautiful mountains in the chain, Acadia Mountain, fronting on Somes Sound, immediately followed, conditioned on the name. Others followed, giving entrance to Champlain Mountain, St. Sauveur Mountain and the Jesuit Field, all linked with the historic interest these names recalled. To Cadillac Mountain summit the United States is now building a wonderful road, the Cadillac Mountain road, whose name will tell to every visiting motorist of the Island's once earliest owner and feudal lord, and its link with the great city of Detroit he founded. -4- The Park itself, carrying out the thought, has been renamed by recent Act of Congress: Acadia National Park, while at the foot of Flying Squadron Mountain a now famous spring has been developed, commemorating in its name the Sieur de Monts and the founding of Acadia. Alongside of this, on land given for the purpose and conveyed recently in free gift to the Park, a museum of enduring material and fire-proof has been built and liberally endowed through the energy and interest of Dr. Robert Abbe of New York, who has since died, for the housing and ex- hibition of Indian relics of the stone age period found along these shores, where there were many and old settlements at the coming of the white man and numerous shell-heaps th at remain. The entire Island range is now included in the Park as the plan intended, or is on its way to be so, and its noble granite masses, clear-cut against the sky as they front on that great ocean highway which brought the first discoverers and colonists to the land, have become true historic documents that will record forever to succeeding generations the human background to the Park. [GBDORR] - 5- HALE AND DORR TELEPHONE HUBBARD 3300 RICHARD W. HALE DUDLEY H. DORR CABLE ADDRESS "HAFIS" GEORGE D. BURRAGE GEORGE W. WIGHTMAN FRANK W. GRINNELL VIRGIL C. BRINK ROGER D. SWAIM JOSEPH N. WELCH SEP 30 1932 WOODBURY RAND DANIEL L. BROWN JOHN M. MAGUIRE GRAFTON L.WILSON REGINALD H. SMITH LAWRENCE E. GREEN GEORGE H.B. GREEN, JR. LUCIUS E. THAYER DAVID BURSTEIN EDMUND BURKE 60 STATE STREET, BOSTON HASKELL COHN PAUL G. KIRK ANTHONY BRAYTON EDWARD G. LOWRY, JR. A. FREDERICK RICHARD September 29, 1932 Frank Bond, Esq., Chairman United States Geographic Board Room 5323, Interior Department Building Washington, D. C. My dear Mr. Bond: I am cordially appreciative of your courtesy in writing me about the Mt. Desert Island names in your own hand and in spending substantial time unravelling history. I do not want to apply to George Dorr. I love him for the great services which he has done but in this matter of the names, I am his energetic enemy. A considerable body of the summer residents may apply to your Board at retail or at wholesale to have some of the darn-fool names changed back to what we regard as their good old names. 1 by Matther Huguenot Head for Picket. , Franklin K. Lane and then abandoning that for " Mansell for the eastern peak of Western Mountain, are abominations in the eyes of those who in fact continue to use the old names. Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr., when I asked him about it, told me he did not even know how to speak the new names correctly. HALE AND DORR Frank Bond, Esq., -2- Now I may begin organizing such a campaign and the first material for its organization is to find out what is the defence which we may want to attack. The article in the Bar Harbor Times indicates that a perfectly definite report is on file which caused the greater number of the changes at a meeting of a definite date given in my earlier letter. Does the National Park Service both put out publicity that its names are supported by a full report which was the basis of its action, and then not produce that basis in answer to inquiries. Hoping to enjoy your society and the debate at the prospective hearing, I am Yours gratefully, Recordble Richard W. Hale. Sept 30 32 With Rechard W. Hale 60 State Street iteaton Near Sir: Issues to get your second letter dated dept 29, relating to names of moun tami in Out Derat Island, for The reason that your first letter contained no suggestive that you were collecting wa material of any kind. I that I nerey advine that this Board in puncing upon place namer within the National parks unvariably refers such nauces to He National Back Service for appearal, or explanatory comment if before accepting ur rejecting recommencedations received. I do not have the files of the Braed in my office, They a in the office of our Secretary, Jun. John J. Camerou it the Library of Coregics and before answering your recent communi cation I had 140 about Timely of evancining them, 20 I do not All M.V just-what is contained sic the academ Natural Pack fill. Nothing is nine certain homems than that appreciations to change former deasons if this and are place names me the National Park will under our practice be returned to the Pack Service. and for community rulse pack which int cruss ; this Board with in about Vew 44 Brimmer Street Boston, Massachusetts May 27th INTERIOR DEPT. 1 933 RECEIVED MAY 3 0 1933 OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY Dear Sir, May I introduce myself to you as an old friend of Ernest C. Oberholtzer of Rainier, Minnesota, and like him interested in con- servation! I heartily applaud your decision to go on calling Boulder Dam just that. And the subject brings up a question of nomenclature in the Acadia National Part (Mt. Desert Island, Maine), where I have spent most of the last forty-three summers. When large tracts of this island were taken over by the Govern- ment and transformed into a national park, many names of the moun- inderect tains, which are the conspicuous feature of this island, were changed, cuhcism because a small group of busybodies thought that the old ones were then if 2 too homely, and got the ear of the Secretary of the Interior. GBD I give, in parallel columns, the old and the new names of these mountains: Old New all afrom d by Green Mt. Cadillac Mt. Matter Dry Mt. Flying Squadron Mt. Newport Mt. Champlain Mt. Jordan Mt. Penobscot Mt. Little Brown Mt. Parkman Mt. Brown Mt. Norumbega Mt. Robinson Mt. Acadia Mt. Dog Mt. St. Sauveur Mt. Western Mt., East Peak Mansell Peak Western Mt., West Peak Bernard Mt. Sargent. Cayart, Pemetic, Schoodic, Flying, and Beech Mountains and "The Bubbles have not been altered (the Bubbles, incidentally, are really 'Bubbies', but one of your predecessors made the change when the name first appeared on charts). S,T, meather 5/16/1917 to 1/12/1929 H.M. alonght 1/12/1929 to 8/10/1933 -2- May 27th 19 3 3 Granted that the old names were homely, they all had local those associations, and had grown up naturally like most of the famous mountains in the workd, which (in their own language) have equally simple names: Jungfrau, Mont Blanc, Kearsarge, Katahdin, Pike's Peak, elc Although the changes at Mt. Desert were made over fifteen years ago, and the new have replaced the old on the U.S. Geodetic and Survey Maps Coast Charts, they have never come into popular usage. Ask a local resident for "Norumbega" or "St. Sauveur" Mt., and you will meet only with blank looks. Even the signs on the foot paths that are a great feature of the island, use the old names. In fact, those who love the island deeply resent the change, for even homely names like "Dog" and "Brown" mean something to people who have seen these beloved hills under every aspect of light and shadow, who have clambered over them time after time, and seen them rising from the sea at dawn, crossing the Bay of Fundy. The only well known name of the new lot is Cadillac, since a motor road has recently been built up Green Mountain. True, the Sieur de Cadillac was the old French grantee in this region, but his name now has other associations, and residents are pretty tired of tourist wits asking, "Where are Chevrolet, Ford, and Packard Moun- tains?" This change was particularly annoying to fishermen and sea- men, for Green Mountain is the highest landmark on the island, and is mentioned by that name in most of the coast pilots that seamen use; but pick up a modern chart, and you find no Green Mt., only Cadillac. Moreover, the old names have got into a good deal of American literature, including one of our greatest historical works, -3- May 27th 19 3 3 "Pioneers of France in the New World", by Francis Parkman, whose surname, by a curious irony, was chosen to replace one of the old. While this case is not stricly analagous to that of Boulder Dam, since the new names are legally established by a Department of the Interior ruling, I hope that you will consider restoring in the old and traditional names that were used until 1917. After all, the name of the Park has already once been changed, from Lafayette to Acadia, and that change was justified, since Lafayette was merely a product of war sentimentalism, and Acadia was the old French name of the region. To restore the old names of the mountains would be equally sensible. Respectfully yours, Hon. Harold L. Ickes ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE WASHINGTON, D. c. UNITED STATES DEFT. JUN 12 1933 ID DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR 1933 RECEIVED OF NATIONAL PARK SERVICE TARY WASHINGTON JUN 10 1953 Mr. Frank Bond, Chairman, U. S. Geographic Board, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Bond: Attached is a letter addressed to the Secretary from Ur. Samuel E. Morison, Boston, Mass., , in reference to nomenclature in Acadia National Park, which I know will interest you. 1, Mr. Albright asked me to take this up with you and after you have read it, give me a call on the telephone and I will come over and discuss the subject. Very truly yours, Mertin Bonrad Conrad L. Wirth. Incl. 267210 Assistant Director. ( (110 Back wint Sept 30 32 With Rechard WS. Hale 60 State Street Borton. New Sir: Inver somewhat-airpresed to get you second letter dated dept 29, relating to names of moun tami in Out. Deract Island, for The reason that you first letter contained no suggestive that you were collecting wa material of any Kind. I that I nerey advine that this Biard sil peasing upon palace namer within the National parks uivariably refers such nauces to He National Past Service for approval, or expiration comment if disablement before accepting ur rejecting recommendativis received. I do not have the files of the Board in my office, They are iii the office Y our Secretary, I'm John J. Cameron it the Library of Corgiers, and before answering your recent cornment, cation I had ME about Tunely of examining them, 20 I do not their just what is contained sic the Acadida Nateral Pack file. bottening is more certain havens, than that appertations to change former deceivies of titis Normel are place names me the natural Park will under our practice be referred to the Pack Service and for comments, Manul all beli J The park which had come ; this Board with alas & is above * Very Fruity, Soft 1933 Mr. Cancern: If we have have all Acadean Hail Park file please add attached correspondence therete. I saw mr with today and he advised that the Pack Service had hand ricking father in the matter of changing Acade Hat ( Pack manuel and therefore contemplated OLD action all The matter. I suggested that would the filed by the board for reference to which he assented. Blood N.B. Our file may be Ladarjet N.P. which was changed to liadia sence your - after creation o P Y. UNITED STATES GEOGRAPHIC BOARD Washington. January 25, 1934. Memorandum for Director Cammerer, National Park Service. I have just learned from Superintendent Dorr of Acadia National Park, that the island at the south end of Schoodic Peninsula, while not named on the maps, is best known as Moose Island, so named because the wild moose go there to feed. My suggestion of the new name Arey for this island is therefore withdrawn. I have prepared a card for "Moose Island" and request, that this name be inserted in the name list submitted, and the name "Arey Island" be stricken therefrom. (Rus island is locally "Little move n and is so carded) B (Sgd) FRANK BOND. Chairman. UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gener B of m NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK Supt BAR HARBOR, MAINE Office of National Parks, OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Buildings and Reservations. Kut for files U.S.M.B. please February 9, 1934 Mr. George B. Dorr, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Dorr: I am enclosing a letter from Mr. Wirth, together with enclosures of a map and copies of two letters from Mr. Frank Bond, chairman of the U. S. Geographic Board, to the Director. The reference from Mr. Bond are with reference to place names of features within the Park, as well as to names which have previously been confirmed by the Board. I interpret Mr. Bond's letters, with reference to the map, as follows: 1. That those names which have a red ink check mark over or against them are place names outside the Park which also have been confirmed and will likewise stand. 2. That the names circled in black ink are those within the Park which have been confirmed and will stand. 3. That the names "Sargent Brook"and "Hadlock Brook" printed in red ink on the brooks flowing from the western watershed of Sargent Mountain into Somes Sound, and at present bearing no names, be given to these brooks as indi- cated and be SO declared by the Board. 4. That the names circled in red ink, all of which, with one exception, are names long familiar to the locality and the feature, be confirmed by the Board as the official name. Item 1 needs no comment. The names are now approved and are well known. Item 2 likewise needs no comment. These names have been approved and are growing rapidly in common usage. Mr. George B. Dorr, #2. Item 3. I think very well of the proposed names of "Sargent Brook" and "Hadlock Brook" being given to these two streams. They are both old family names long associated with the region and are appropriate to the situation of the streams to which they are to be given. Item 4. So far as Mount Desert Island is concerned, I find nothing but favor with the proposed confirmation of these names. They, too, are names long associated with the Island and the features which they denominate. I suggest no changes. In the Schoodic Peninsula area, however, I have a few suggestions to offer. of the fitness of the name # Schoodic Pennisula" there is no question. Long usage has established it. I concur in the proposal to confirm the name "Pond Island" which is circled in red ink on the map. This island was known in early days as "Welch's Island", but the name "Pond" has come into local use on account of the large salt pond which lies immediately back of it. I do not concur in the proposal to confirm the name "Pond Island Cove", as indicated on the map. The body of water indicated as "Pond Island Cove" has been known since 1846 at least, as "West Pond " and the corresponding salt pond on the east shore of Schoodic has been known as "East Pond". I think that each of these interesting salt ponds should bear the old names which are used extensively by residents of the locality. I am of the opinion that "Schoodic Mountain" should be changed to "Schoodic Head" in order to eliminate the confusion which now exists between this eminence and Schoodic Mountain, which is only a few miles away, in Sullivan. This suggestion will probably not meet with favor in some quarters, but I think the change is logical. Just south of Schoodic Head is an outcrop of rock which stands all by itself and reaches an elevation of about 180 feet. This feature has become widely known as the "Devil's Anvil" or as just "The Anvil". I think that one of these names should be given to this feature, and be shown on the map. Mr. George B. Dorr, #3. Relative to the matter of "Moose Island.. The small island which Mr. Bond has suggested naming "Arey Island" has been known for many years as "Little Moose Island", although I doubt if the name has ever appeared on a map. This name "Little Moose" is, in my opinion, the only name which can logically be confirmed. The promontory lying next west of Little Moose Island, and which is now an integral part of the Schoodic Peninsula, has been known since 1846 as "Big Moose Island", and probably was known by the same name for many years before that date. All reference to the exact location of the new Radio Station has been stated as "Big Moose Island". This name should be likewise be given officially to round out the list of names which have long been- used throughout this region. I have covered all the points which occur to me. After you have considered them and reached your conclusions, will you please draw them up and present them, with the map, to the Service for forwarding to Mr. Bond at the Geographic Board. Or, if you prefer, draw up your recommendations in rough draft and send them to me, and I will have them prepared and send them in. Very truly yours, BLH/S Bleadley UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Gener Bwor NATIONAL PARK SERVICE ACADIA NATIONAL PARK Supt BAR HARBOR, MAINE OFFICE OF THE SUPERINTENDENT Office of National Parks, Buildings and Reservations. Keep for file U.S.M.B. please February 9, 1934 Mr. George B. Dorr, Cosmos Club, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Dorr: I am enclosing a letter from Mr. Wirth, together with enclosures of a map and copies of two letters from Mr. Frank Bond, chairman of the U. S. Geographic Board, to the Director. The reference from Mr. Bond are with reference to place names of features within the Park, as well as to names which have previously been confirmed by the Board. I interpret Mr. Bond's letters, with reference to the nap, as follows: 1. That those names which have a red ink check mark over or against them are place names outside the Park which also have been confirmed and will likewise stand. 2. That the names circled in black ink are those within the Park which have been confirmed and will stand. 3. That the names "Sargent Brook"and "Hadlock Brook" printed in red ink on the brooks flowing from the western watershed of Sargent Mountain into Somes Sound, and at present bearing no names, be given to these brooks as indi- cated and be SO declared by the Board. 4. That the names circled in red ink, all of which, with one exception, are names long familiar to the locality and the feature, be confirmed by the Board as the official name. Item 1 needs no comment. The names are now approved and are well known. Item 2 likewise needs no comment. These names have been approved and are growing rapidly in common usage. Mr. George B. Dorr, #2. Item 3. I think very well of the proposed names of "Sargent Brook" and "Hadlock Brook" being given to these two streams. They are both old family names long associated with the region and are appropriate to the situation of the streams to which they are to be given. Item 4. So far as Mount Desert Island is concerned, I find nothing but favor with the proposed confirmation of these names. They, too, are names long associated with the Island and the features which they denominate. I suggest no changes. In the Schoodic Peninsula area, however, I have a few suggestions to offer. of the fitness of the name # Schoodic Pennnsula" there is no question. Long usage has established it. I concur in the proposal to confirm the name "Pond Island" which is circled in red ink on the map. This island was known in early days as "Welch's Island", but the name "Pond" has come into local use on account of the large salt pond which lies immediately back of it. I do not concur in the proposal to confirm the name "Pond Island Cove", as indicated on the map. The body of water indicated as "Pond Island Cove" has been known since 1846 at least, as "West Pond" and the corresponding salt pond on the east shore of Schoodic has been known as "East Pond". I think that each of these interesting salt ponds should bear the old names which are used extensively by residents of the locality. I am of the opinion that "Schoodic Mountain" should be changed to "Schoodic Head" in order to eliminate the confusion which now exists between this eminence and Schoodic Mountain, which is only a few miles away, in Sullivan. This suggestion will probably not meet with favor in some quarters, but I think the change is logical. Just south of Schoodic Head is an outcrop of rock which stands all by itself and reaches an elevation of about 180 feet. This feature has become widely known as the "Devil's Anvil" or as just "The Anvil". I think that one of these names should be given to this feature, and be shown on the map. Mr. George B. Dorr, #3. Relative to the matter of "Moose Island The small island which Mr. Bond has suggested naming "Arey Island" has been known for many years as "Little Moose Island", although I doubt if the name has ever appeared on a map. This name "Little Moose" is, in my opinion, the only name which can logically be confirmed. The promontory lying next west of Little Moose Island, and which is now an integral part of the Schoodic Peninsula, has been known since 1846 as "Big Moose Island", and probably was known by the same name for many years before that date. All reference to the exact location of the new Radio Station has been stated as "Big Moose Island". This name should be likewise be given officially to round out the list of names which have long been- used throughout this region. I have covered all the points which occur to me. After you have considered them and reached your conclusions, will you please draw them up and present them, with the map, to the Service for forwarding to Mr. Bond at the Geographic Board. Or, if you prefer, draw up your recommendations in rough draft and send them to me, and I will have them prepared and send them in. Very truly yours, BLH/S Bleadley Other Dorr- BGN correspon- dince March 14, 1934. The Director, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Director: The tentative list of geographic names within the Acadia National Park submitted with our letter of January 6. 1934. has been carefully ex- amined by Superintendent George B. Dorr and approved by him with the ex- cention of a few changes confined to the Schoodic Peninsula. These are as follows: Arey island, suggested by us for what appeared to be an unnamed island on the park map, is Little Moode Island, a long established but un- published name. The promontory on the west side of the peninsula, formally an island, for many years has been known as Big Moose Island. This name is found in recent legislation by the Congress establishing an important naval radio station on the tract. "West Pond" is local usage of long standing for the salt cove on the west shore of Schoodic Peninsula, which is called Pond Island Cove on the park map. Superintendent Dorr advises that this name is an error, local usage now and in the past being West Pond. "East Pond" is local usage for the salt cove north of Little Moose Island. No name appears on the park map. The name Schoodic Head in place of Schoodic Mt. which appears upon the park map, is recommended by Superintendent Darr for the hill 437 feet high located toward the southern end of the peninsula, for the purpose of eliminating misunderstandings There is a more prominent Schoodic Mountain bearing this long established name a few miles to the north. "The Devils Anvil" or just "The Anvil" are names long applied to a rock pile about 180 feet high, on the peninsula between Schoodic Head and East Pond; not named on the park map. Mr. Dorr recommends The Anvil These six names of features on Schoodic Peninsula, recommended by Superintendent Dorr, having long established local usage, have been added to the tentative list of January 6, 1934; and the names Pond Island Cove, Arey Island and Schoodic Mountain removed therefrom. Cards for formal decisions, one for each of the 28 cases, have been prepared for consideration and formal action by the Geographic Board at its next regular meeting, April 4. 1934. Very truly yours, Frank Bona. Chairman. -2- UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Acadia National Park SHIPPING Bar Harbor Maine ADDRESS ONLY THE DIRECTOR. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE September 20, 1944. MEMORANDUM for the Regional Director, Region One. The death of Superintendent Dorr brought to a close the career of the one man who was responsible more than any other for the establishment of Acadia Na- tional Park. His labor for its creation is fresh in the minds of many, and to them the park will be in itself a monument to his memory. But at best, two generations hence, his labor will be a legend, and his name forgotten or but casually recalled. No stone marks his burial and no tablet commemorates his great work. In order that his name may be kept alive in the future, it seems to me that a physical feature in the park should bear it. He was a man of rugged physical stature, of rock-like integrity, and of eminent scholarly attain- ments and culture. What could be more fitting, then, than to perpetuate his name in one of the park's granite mountains which so well characterizes the attributes of the man? And no mountain is better suited to bear the name than that now known as The Flying Squadron. During the early days of the settlement of this region, the mountains ac- quired names in hit or miss fashion or as they struck the fancy of the visiting summer folk. In this way, and for no apparent reason, the mountain in question became known as "Dry Mountain", and by that name was known for many years. Then came the park, established by Act of Congress in 1919, named Lafayette, the name born of the enthusiasm then so keen for our victory in World War I. During that war we had sent our armies to the aid of France even as France had aided our colonies in the War of the Revolution, and in which Lafayette had played so great a part. Further justification for naming the park Lafayette is found in the fact that the region in which it lies was once a part of the old French province in North America known as Acadia and in which the French attempted to plant colonies in 1604 and 1613. With this background, coupled with the fact that the park's earlier status of National Monument bore the name "Sieur de Monts" as well as the enthusiasm of the immediate post-war period, the French influence was predominant. Accordingly, to carry the influence to logical conclusion, the mountain heights on the Island were given names associated with the early French explorers and statesmen, Champ- lain, Cadillac, St. Sauveur. FOR VICTORY BUY UNITED STATES WAR BONDS AND STAMPS Dry Mountain, however, was selected to bear quite a different name, that of The Flying Squadron, to memorialize the exploits of the Lafayette Escadrille, that famous flying corps of World War I made up of young Americans eager for adventure, and the survivers of which later became members of our own Air Corps following our entry into war in 1917. The reason which prompted that particular name has now become dim in the an- nals of history, and while history will bear for all time the exploits of that unit, its application to this mountain on the coast of Maine is largely without meaning. I therefore recommend that the name of Flying Squadron Mountain be changed to "Dorr Mountain" to commemorate the great work George Bucknam Dorr did to create Acadia National Park. (sgd.) B. L. Hadley, Acting Superintendent. CC: Region One Office. Associate Director Demaray (2) COPY COPY Mr. Dorr died Aug. 5. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR National Park Service FOR RELEASE, August 9, 1944. Newton B. Drury, Director of the National Park Service, paid tribute today to George B. Dorr, Superintendent of Acadia National Park, who has just died in his ninety-first year after nearly half a century of public-spirited work leading first to the creation of Acadia National Park and later to its administration and development for public use. So widespread was the recognition of Mr. Dorr's service, Director Drury stated, that Congress by special annual legislative enactment, beginning in 1930, continued him as superintendent of the park up to the time of his death, some twenty years after the usual Federal retirement age. During this period, primarily through Mr. Dorr's efforts, the area of the park was enlarged from approximately 10,700 acres to 27,870 acres, the greater part of the increase being donations of lands from private individuals. The original area in 1916 was 5,000 acres. Mr. Dorr's association with the park area began early in life, when he vaca- tioned at Old Farm, the Dorr summer estate at Bar Harbor. He and a few other public-spirited summer residents of the region around the turn of the century envisioned the creation of a public park there, that part of the scenic and historic area might be available for the enjoyment of the public, rather than included in a few large estates, such as that of his own family. Associated with him in the move to bring about "a public reservation! were such men as the late Charles W. Eliot, President Emeritus of Harvard University; Bishop William Lawrence of Massachusetts; Dr. S. Weir Mitchell of Philadelphia, Pa.; and several prominent New Yorkers. They established the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations to forward the project, Dr. Eliot serving as president of the association and Mr. Dorr acting as secretary. Eventually, as a result of their efforts, and largely through Mr. Dorr's personal activities, the Sieur de Monts National Monument was established in 1916, as part of the National Park System now administered by the National Park Service of the Department of the Interior, and Mr. Dorr became its first and only superintendent, with a salary fixed at $12 a year - which was not increased for more than ten years. In 1919 Congress designated the area the Lafayette National Park, and in 1929 changed the name to Acadia. # # # CHAMBER OF COMMERCE BAR HARBOR, MAINE FEBRUARY 3, 1945 RECEIVED FEB 5 1945 Meredith F. Burrill, Director, Board of Geographical Names, Department of Interior, Washington 25, D.C. Dear Mr. Burrill: At a meeting of the Board of Directors of the Bar Harbor Chamber of Com erce it was voted to recommend that you do change the name of Flying Squadron Mountain to Dorr Mountain in Acadia National Park. We think this a splendid thing to do and we believe most people living on Mt. Desert Island will approve the change. Sincerely yours, VECarter AEC/c Secretary. 641.5 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFICE OF THE SECRETARY BOARD ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES WASHINGTON 25, D. C. JAN 12 1945 The Secretary, Chamber of Commerce, Bar Harbor, Maine. My dear Sir: The National Park Service has recommended to the Board on Geographical Names that the name of Flying Squadron Mountain in Acadia National Park be changed to Dorr Mountain to honor Mr. George Bucknam Dorr. Mr. Dorr, who died on August 5, 1944, at the age of 91, had been superintendent of the park from the time of its establishment and the Park Service desires to commemorate his nearly half a century of public-spirited work leading first to the creation of the present Acadia National Park and later to its adminis- tration and development for public use. Would the name Dorr Mountain meet with general public approval on Mount Desert Island? Before approving the change we shall appreciate it if you will let us know whether members of your organisation would approve of honor- ing Mr. Dorr in this way. As you probably know, the name Flying Squadron Mountain was suggested by Mr. Dorr himself and has been in official use for a relatively short time, about fifteen years. An addressed franked envelope is enclosed for your convenience in replying. Sincerely yours, (Signed) Meredith F. Burrill Meredith F. Burrill, EF:sma Director. Enclosure. CC: Case file, Reading file, Dr. Burrill, Miss Fitton. BCN No 641.5 UNITED STATES BOARD ON GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES Case Study (Domestic) Note: See DORR of Decision Memorial file Dorr Mountain Date for related docs. Case Name Dorr Mountain vs Flying Squadron Mountain Nariants Not: Flying Squadron Mountain, Dry Mountain State Maine County Hancock Lat. 44 o 21 1 20 " N. Long. 68 o 13 , 00 " W. Source USGS, Bar Harbor quadrangle, 1:62,500, 1942 Sec. T. R. M. Source Description A peak 1270 feet high rising immediately west of The Tarn about 2 miles southwest of Bar Harbor in Acadia National Park. Summary : This mountain was originally called Dry Mountain. On Oct. 2, 1918, the Board officially changed the name to Flying Squadron Mountain to memorialize the Lafayette Escadrille of World War I. The National Park Service now wishes to change the name again to honor Sperintendent George Buckman Dorr who died Aug. 5, 1944. The Chamber of Commerce at Bar Harbor is in favor of changing the name to Dorr Mountain and the Chamber of Commerce at Southwest Harbor has no objection. The name Dorr has always been associated with this area (Dorr summer estate near Bar Harbor and Dorr Point forming the southeast point of Compass Bay south of Bar Harbor). Mr. Dorr was instrumental in having the park established on Mount Desert and figured prominently in its development. The Park Service feels that a mountain would the most fitting type of feature to be named for Mr. Porr, as man of "rugged physical stature, of rock-like integrity, and of eminent scholarly attainmentsa and culture" RECOMMENDED KENNET!! J. PERTEANO FFR 2 0 1945 Submitted by National Park Service Date Submitted Oct. 10, 1944, NPS memo. Prepared by E. Fitton Date Prepared 29508 Merchill F.Burill JUN Feb. 1945 15 1945 CR-3 (revised) COVER ] 1945 15 NOT Evidence: Dry Mt. 1904-99 USGS Bar Harbor quadrangle, 1:62,500 The Flying Squadron 1904-40 USGS Bar Harbor quadrangle, 1:62,500 Flying Squadron Mtn 1942 USGS Bar Harbor quadrangle, 1:62,500 Flying Squadron Mtn. 1938 Me. State Hwy. Com. & U.S. Bur. Pub. Rds., Hancock County map, scale 1 inch to 2 miles. Flying Squadron Mt. 1939, 1940, 1944 US C & GS chart 306 Flying Squadron Mtn 1942 USGS, Acadia National Park, 1:31,680 Dorr Mountain 1944 Nat. Pk. Ser. recommendation (correspondence) Dorr Mountain 1945 Bar Harbor Chamber of Commerce recommendation (corres.) Dorr Mountain 1945 Southwest Harbor Chamber of Commerce, no objection (") for (1910) 5'77 requine -- NNT and Invoid gesti 54/51/9 498 expect UT ee JO N gnoqe LIPEL JO 75am I OLET need V : W d L M 1100 EE o 89 N 11.00 ,TZ 077 7th 8521 91 SUISIT sit : 7ON even OUTEN custionse i 2 Indochina, Netherlands Indies, Thailand DOMESTIC NAMES Pakse: a town, Laos, on the Mekong River 120 miles north of Stung Treng; 15°07' N, 105°47' E. Not: Pak Se, Pakse. ALABAMA Ron : a seaport, Laos, 30 miles north of Dong Hoi; 17 53' N, Sand Mountain: a dissected plateau in northeastern Alabama, 106°27' E. Laos: Rôn; not: Rone, Roon. extending southwestward from the Alabama-Tennessee boundary for Sam Neua: a town, Annam, in northern Laos 60 miles south of Son about 80 miles and with a width of 8 to 18 miles; N, 85°50'W Not: Raccoon Mountain, Raccoon Mountains, Sand Mountains. La; 20 28 N, 104°02' E. Not: Samnua. Tran Ninh, Plateau du: a plateau in northern Lao's southeast of MAINE Luang Prabang and southwest of the delta of the Red River; 19°30 N. 103 10 E. Not: Plateau du Tran-Nin' Dorr Mountain: a peak 1,270 feet high rising immediately west of The Tarn about 2 miles southwest of Bar Harbor in Acadia National NETHERLANDS INDIES Park, Hancock County; 44° 21 20" N, 68 13'00" W. Not: Dry Mountain, Flying Squadron Mountain. Liran, Poelau: an island (poelau), Afdeeling Toeal, off the south- west coast of Wetar; 8 00' S, 125°45' E. Not: Babie, Eiland TENNESSEE Liran Liran, Poelau Liban, Poelau Lirang. Sand Mountain: see listing under ALABAMA. Tike: avillage Mandar: 1° 15 S, 119 20 W. Not: Tihe. Tike Soengai: a stream (soengai), Mandar, about 5 miles long, WASHINGTON reaching Straat Makassar at the northwestern coast of Celebes; 15' s, 119 20 W. Not: Soengai Tihe. Franklin D. Roosevelt Lake: the lake, approximately 150 miles long, formed by the impounding of the Columbia River by Grand Waikalo a village, Timor en Onderhoorigheden, on Soemba island, Coulee Dam, extending northward to the vicinity of the Canadian- at a bay of the same name; 9 °24' S, 119°14' E. Not: Waikola. United States international boundary; Lincoln, Grant, Stevens, Ferry, and Okanogan Counties; 48° 25' N, 118°15' W. Named after THAILAND Franklin Delano Roosevelt. Dangrek Mountains: see listing under INDOCHINA.- *Khan Ngoen: Lang Suan is recommended as a second name in paren- Revision of previous decision. theses to aid in identification. A railway town on peninsular Thailand 60 miles north of Tha Kham and 40 miles south of Chumphon: 9°57' N. 99°04' E. Not: Amphoe Khanngeun, Ban Khan Ngoen, Khan Ngden, Langsuan, Muang Hlang Suan. Surat Thani: Ban Don is recommended as a second name in paren- theses to aid in identification. A town and port on the Gulf of Thailand 65 miles northwest of Nakhon Si Thammarat; 9°08' N, 99°19' E. Not: Amphoe Ban Don, Ban Dohn, Ban Makham Tia; Ban Makham Tir, Changwat Surat, Changwat Surat Thani, Surashtradhani: *Tha Kham: a railway town on peninsular Thailand 70 miles north- west of Nakhon Si Thammarat; 9°06'30" N, 99°14'00" E. Not: Amphoe Dhakham, Ban Tah Kam, Ban Tha Kham, Mondhol Surasdhani, Muang Surard Dhani, Muang Surasd Dhani, Surasdhani Satthani, Surasntra Dhani, Surastra Dhani, Surat, Surat Thani. 3 Revision of previous decision BGN January 30, 1946 Non. John A. Peters, United States Courts, Portland, Maine. ity dear Judge Peters: I have your letter of January 26 relative to changing the name of the mountain in it. Desert Island to Dorr Mountain. This change was formally approved several months ago. A copy of the list of decisions which Includes this name is enclosed. Sincerely yours, Moredith F. Burrill, Director. Enclosure MFB:LSM CC: Case (Dorr Mt.) Reading TELEPHONE CABLE ADDRESS DISTRICT 3330 NATGEOSOC.WASHINGTON National Geographic Society WASHINGTON 6, D. C. GILBERT GROSVENOR, PRESIDENT JOHN OLIVER LA GORCE. VICE-PRESIDENT ROBERT V. FLEMING, TREASURER THOMAS W. MCKNEW, SECRETARY RECEIVED JAN 30 1946 as - January 28, 1946. Dr. Meredith F. Burrill, Director, Board on Geographical Names, Department of the Interior, Washington 25, D. C. Dear Dr. Burrill: Enclosed is a letter from Judge John A. Peters which was doubtlessly intended for you. I am advising Judge Peters that his letter is being forwarded to you. Very truly yours, James MDarky James M. Darley, no Enclosure Chief Cartographer. BGN RECEIVED United States Courts JAN 30 1946 NET Judge's Chambers Fortland, Maine CHAMBERS OF JOHN A. PETERS DISTRICT JUDGE 26th January, 1946. Dear Sir:- I am a member of a committee appointed by the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations to bring about, if possible, a change in the name of a mountain at Bar Harbor from "Dry Mountain" to "Dorr Mountain 11 and I write you as the result of correspondence with Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. who, as you know, is greatly in- terested in the National Park at Bar Harbor in which Dry Mountain is situated, and who, I assume from my corresp- ondence, is in favor of the change I refer to. I enclose a certified copy of the resolution passed at the annual meeting of the Hancock County Trustees last summer at Bar Harbor. I assume that you are familiar with the great work of Mr. Dorr in connection with the National Park and I hope that you will agree with me and others interested in this matter that it is wholly appro- priate that Mr. Dorr's name be given to one of these mount- ains. I understand that the name of this mountain was changed a few years ago, probably at the instigation of Mr. Dorr himself, from Dry Mountain to Flying Squadron. I live twenty-one miles from Bar Harbor and I had forgotten that the name had been changed. The mountain has always been known in that vicinity as Dry Mountain, a name of course which really means nothing and has no significance locally. I am sure I am safe in saying that the whole community, both resident and non-resident, on Mount Desert Island would favor the change referred to. When the matter was taken up last summer it was supposed that the name could be changed through the co- operation of the National Geographic Society, but I have since learned our error and that the matter should be taken up with you. Will you be good enough to inform me what steps should now be taken to bring about the change referred to? We are prepared to produce any evidences of public opin- ion that are necessary, if any such are desired beyond the vote of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, which, as you know probably, is an organization established I think at the instigation of President Elliot and Mr. Dorr, No probably with the cooperation of Mr. Rockefeller who lives on Mount Desert Island in the summer, for the purpose of preserving for the public places of scenic interest on Mount BGN JAP-MB. 2 Desert Island. I think, if you want any information about the history of this mountain, that Mr. Horace M. Albright, a former Director of the Park Service, could give you as much or more than anyone else. I should be glad to know what further steps are necessary. Verw truly yours, JOHN A. PETERS. Mr. Meredith Burrill, Director, U.S. Board on Geographic Names, Department of the Interior, Washington, D.C. United States Courts Judge's Chambers Fortland, Maine CHAMBERS OF JOHN A. PETERS DISTRICT JUDGE 15 January, 1946. Dear Sirs:- I want to get in touch with some representative of your Society to consider the details of a possible change of name of a mountain in Bar Harbor. I am one of the executors and trustees of the estate of the late George B. Dorr, of Boston and Bar Harbor, who died at the age of ninety-one in 1944, having resided at Bar Harbor for many years. He, with the late President Eliott of Harvard, were the founders of the organization called "Hancock County Trustees of Public Res- ervations" located at Bar Harbor, and Ur. Dorr was the father of Acadia National Park located on Mount Desert Island. At a meeting of the Trustees of Public Reservations last summer at Bar Harbor a resolution was passed favoring changing the name of one of the mountains on Mount Desert Island from Dry Mountain to Dorr Mountain. The Trustees also, with the co- operation of the Secretary of the Interior, propose to put up a tablet in memory of Mr. Dorr on this mountain. I understand such changes of names are brought about through your Society. If not too much trouble I would like information about this matter of changing the name of a mountain and the details of bringing it about. I will then try to comply with any re- guirements to that end, reserving until then more detailed reasons which the people of Bar Harbor have for desiring this change. If you will be good enough to give me such information as will help me under the circumstances I shall be much obliged. Very truly yours, JOHN A. PETERS National Geographic Society, Washington, D.C. BGN. Excerpt from the Record of the annual Meeting of the Bancock County Trustees of Public Reservations held at the Young Men's Christian Association Building in Bar Harbor, Maine, August 14, 1944 at 10.30 in the morning. "Judge John A. Peters then addressed the meeting asking that consideration be given to the proposition that Dry Mountain be renamed "Dorr Mountain" due to Mr. Dorr's intense interest in this particular mountain. This proposal met with enthusiaso and was unanimously approved, whereupon it was suggested that the reneming of this mountain could possibly be brought about through the cooperation of the Dational Geographic S. ciety and it was further suggested and recommended that if the change of name be accomplished en appropriate tablet be set on this mountain in memory of Mr. Derr." I, no H. Cunningham, Assistant Secretary of the Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations hereby certify this to be & true copy as shown by the records of the corporation. the Assistent Secretary. Page 1 of 2 Ronald Epp From: "Jennifer E Runyon" To: Cc: "Carol Horan Messick" ; "Charles L Regan" Sent: Thursday, February 06, 2003 10:11 AM Subject: Re: Naming Query Re: Acadia National Park Dear Dr. Epp, This is a brief note to let you know that your inquiry to Ms. Messick of the USGS Library regarding the naming of "Dorr Mountain" and other features in Acadia National Park was forwarded to this office for response. We have located some material in the files of the U.S. Board on Geographic Names which we shall be mailing to you today. We hope you find the information useful, but if you have any questions once you've had an opportunity to review it, please don't hesitate to contact us. Sincerely yours, Jennifer Runyon, research staff U.S. Board on Geographic Names U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Geographic Names Office 12201 Sunrise Valley Drive Reston, Virginia 20192-0523 (703) 648-4550 (703) 648-4549 fax jrunyon@usgs.gov http://geonames.usgs.gov >>> "Ronald Epp" To: cc: "Ronald Epp" 01/31/2003 02:24 Subject: Naming Query Re: Acadia National Park PM Dear Ms. Messick: I am engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944), founder of Acadia National Park and its first superintendent (1916-44). In preparing an intellectual biography of Mr. Dorr I have principally 2/6/2003 Page 2 of 2 relied on NPS Archives, the National Archives, and the Rockefeller Archive Center where I recently uncovered a letter from NPS Director Horace Albright to Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. dated January 21, 1946. It referred to the US Board of Geographical Names and their posession of lengthy correspondance with Mr. Dorr regarding the renaming of Flying Squadron Mountain and other mountains in Lafayette and later Acadia National Park (on Mount Desert Island, Hancock County, Maine). Following Mr. Dorr's death, the USBGN finalized in 1946 the name change to Dorr Mountain. Could you determine whether such correspondance is available in your repository? Do you suggest a visit to your site? If not, might you suggest where I might pursue this inquiry. Thank you for this professional courtesy. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University 2500 North River Road Manchester, NH 03106-1045 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 603-645-9685 (fax) 2/6/2003