GASTON Thorn / Sar. April 26 - Pearl we are putting all all hope in the European countries sondarly [[sic]] with the US will help liberate our loved ones We were very upset (on day of Take-over) but truly thought it would End quickly with diplomatic methods - I have received a dozen letters since the new year- one can read between the lines, Even though be is well fed, a morale problem "avert marre" -(?) Prisoners don't know that the Shah left the US. + that 13 hostages were released shortly after the take-over. Families up & down. Lonsa. We were inatlly [[sic]] against military intervention Pearl. (after rescue attempt) All my thoughts were on my son, as were the world's, and I wonder if this action was going to have unintended consequences for The hostages. I have full confidence in Pres. [[President]] Carter. he does what he can & he suffers like us in This situation, if it had worked no one would have criticised him. Q. What [[?]] do you see for the liberating? A. A humane & peaceful one. GASION Thorn Vice President + Foreign Minster Page 2 missing Page 3 [[crossed-out]] Tehran Reactions Jan 20 [[/crossed-out]] 3 Herald Tribune- Paris April 28. April 27th- BOGOTA- Guerrillas ended 61 day occupation of Dominican Republic Embassy. 16 Hostages freed. Cuba offered guerrillas political asylum. Diego Ascencio [[?]] to Florida- to Nancy. When Amb [[Ambassador]] Mexico, Beirut, Switzerland, Hatti. Guatemala - The papal nuncio, Paragray (DCM) [[?]] of Peru, Venezoela [[sic]] + Guatemala. Dominican Ambassador praised Columban President for acting with prudence & calm "Only at beginning were we in danger, because terrorists were very [[?]]. Then everything calmed down. Taken over during Dip reception on Feb 27. 38 of 57 released during course of siege. Guerillas left country without gaining release of jailed comrades - had asked for 50 million ransom, Did not qet it. Reported to have won unintentional guarantees giving candor of political trials & other assurances That rights would be protected. Unconfirmed report that $2.5 million ransom would be paid. In lran- Captives moved. Contradictory reports whether bodies of airmen would be turned over the US. Sheikh Sadegh Khalkhali (hanging judge) contradicted Bani Sadr who said bodies would be reunited "with no conditions attached. Khalkhali said bodies would be given only to families or church representatives. Page 4 Beheshti's paper- Jouhari Islam "said bodies stay in Iran until Wash. [[Washington]] releases assets frozen in US- (Freeze order Nov 14) "Bodies have political value for us." K made remarks at US Embassy- standing over the bodies (charred & disfigured. (was more- horrible association again with Hamlet- Yorick- Skull.) Groledge parody. Times- Finger pointing & second guessing compounds Carter's defeat of failed attempt. Public will want explanation. Why now? US allies are asking. Why do this just as Pres. [[President]] is pressing them for [[?]] action. Action they were willing to take precisely to discourage US. Military action. Why didn't Admin. [[Administration]] consult in advance with some members of Congress? Why didn't Pres. [[President]] want Congress leaders firmy on his side to help defend [[?]] 2nd guessing. Trib- International opinion. Japan times- Friends of US have cause to worry about US leadership in handling complex & dangerous crisis of today's world. Rio- A heavy price will be paid by White House Kuwait- Had mission succeeded - would have resulted in a world war. Madrid- Carter: image of ineffectiveness London- Hostages path to freedom may yet [[?]] though Moscow. (remark on this when Pete & Henry suggest we call on USSR ambassador. Guardian london- For all the talk of safety for the hostages their lives were put at greater risk than any previous time. Page 5 5 Oslo- Can only hope President will once again no demastate level-headedness. London Express- In West bewilderment over how the most technologically advanced nation could bunder so badly with Equipment Seale of disaster is precisely the reason why the US. allies should rally 'round. And why citizens should be for the moment stilled. Roger Fisher article - NY Times. [[crossed-out]] carrot but no stick [[/crossed-out]] stick but no carrot at the moment for Iranians - We must communicate to Iranians that attack us [[?]] would follow release. Eaner to ask various Iranians to help Than it is for Iranian gov't [[government]] to make binding commitments we need a package in which to wrap up Tehran. Like Potsdam conference about terms for Japan in 1945. Package must adhere to standard of giving Iranians no more than they would have been Entitled to without [[?]] the hostages Should be working on this package right now. (Mike's thoughts Rescue mission undermines our own candor in the eyes of the World Court which ruled in favor of US.) Rumors that the mission was launched from an Egyptian Military airfield Sadar declined to give direct answer. Repeated his earlier offer of facilities to help Ams. [[Americans]] in rescue attempt Is known that Am. [[American]] reconnaissance & communications planes has been flying missions in the Gulf from a base near a S. Egyptian town Qana. Page 6 6 Pres. [[President]] Sadar has spoken out hardly against activities of Iranian government. Has described Khomeini as a Iuantic Israil political aides suggested Egyptian cooperation discussed when Sadar was in [[Washington]] D.C. in Early April. chiefly about Palestinian antimony. based on interceptions of radio messages by a private monitoring service for Israil Rado & T.V. company he says: Planes took off from Cairo Went- a military airfield & at least some of them later came down at Bahram. Mrs. Thatcher heard news on radio Sent sympathy message to Carter - ln House of Commons Lord Privy Seal Said Br. qov't ner [[?]] about operation but had been informed of possibly, of a rescue attempt. Ganyko on official trip to Paris Sub. Afghanistan - Agreed there must be no interference in internal affairs of [[?]] country. France intends to raise rescue question at Luxembourg meetings Taining fueled to be given Warning of the raid Fr. officials feel European leaders will have to look into procedure for info being exchanged across the Atlantic. Sean McBride -Echoed my statements - "I hope they do not take it out on the hostages" had been in Tehran 3 times trying to negotiate release "political Football" "Nobody should gamble with their lives". Thought it delayed release - Salim Ahmal Saline of Tanzania - Pres. of UN. Gen. Assembly expresses fear it could only complicate the Am [[American]]/Iran crisis Page 7 7 Salim- must find a peaceful solution. Giscard & Schmidt said neither hades had any warning - no immed. comment. Sec. Gen. of NATO. (Dr. Joseph Leus (Dave)) said no plan to put NATO forces an alert. " Mistakes can happen to anybody — Begin in Israel. Lord Carrington: Mistake to be too critical or carping of Carter Sit. grave but not on the brink of war. Real danger -Soviet invasion in Afghanistan made point Carter saw attempt at a humanitarian measure. Diff. decision don't envy Carter US had been patient. Frustration high Sympathies W. [[With]] Am[[erican]] dilemma. Dangerous. Did not see himself any Solution for the moment of securing release for hostages. Shah living quietly in Cairo Suburb of Kubben Luring by helicopter to Sadai's native village of Mut Abul-Kom was first place of exile' a first time in Jan '79 -later to Morocco-Bahamas, Mexico + US. to Panama to Egypt. Security strict - Health no causing great concern receiving drugs treatment for cancer of lymphatic system & liver not playing tennis. Page 8 Resignation of Vance April 28th - 8 Could not support Carter's decision to attempt rescue attempt. Tendered Aprill 21ˢᵗ - 3 days before mission - matter of principle - Comment from H. Tribune - Resignation is unfortunate & poorly timed. Contributes to damaging impression that Carter administration is beginning to collapse - outlook varied greatly from that of Zbignieus [[sic]] Brzeziuski [[sic]]- Not a happy system - Mr. Vance respected in Europe as serious & experienced & professorial - Brzeziuski [[sic]] regarded as somewhat erratic - No doubt European leaders will be disturbed by sec's departure. Resig. will make US-Eur relations still more difficult. Perceive that Brzeziuski [[sic]] will be shaping foreign policy no matter who comes in as next Sec. EEC F. Ministers have displayed wisdom & courage in standing by Carter in a moment of real need. - Seeking early meetings with Carter to begin new process of policy coordination Allies have to know where Carter is leading them. International Opinion- Times London. No time for [[?]] - Mr. Carter is more than ever in need of allies' advice & support. Should Europeans go ahead w. sanctions? In a sense, implied bargains has been broken by Carter. An excuse to pull out. Yet still need to keep Alliance together. Allies have move incentives to seek other solutions. Page 9 9 Sharp drops in European Stock & shares market panic selling and speculation of armed conflict in Persian Gulf fear of same or at least a blockade of the P. Gulf Saw selling among major oils -BP, Shell - Support seen for North Sea Stocks VIEW from ENtebbe. Theory: had there been a feukre of Am. will? Couldn't believe mission called off because of Engine failure- was there civilian interference? It [[?]] the U.S. Theories were wrong but the reaction sends a message- Crisis has severe damage to foreign confidence in US. leadership Not just Israelis- Iran may be less isolated today than at the start of the crises - Plainly has a certain Islamic sympathy now. Turkey critical of rescue attempt. Gulf States disapproved Pakistan scornful. Soviet Union has moved openly to Support of Iran. (Notwithstanding Gauyko's statement. Page 10 10 April 28 EEC leaders fail to reach budget Compromise PACT. crucial question of the summit. How to reduce Britan's net contribution to the community budget in a manner acceptable to Britain and its Eight partners. Grisand - regrettable- But Europe exists & will continue to exist despite this failure. next summit scheduled. June 12-13 in Venice. meeting there for 1st time since Dublin Summit on Nov 30. which ended in failure to resolve budget issue - EEC Council President Franceseo Cossiga BODIES- Bani Sadr- would be handed over to Envoys of The Pope the Red Cross & The Swiss Government Bodies on display covered over with white cotton cloth used for Islamic death shrouds & polyethylene wrappings around the clothe. "As there is no guarantee the US. administration well return the bodies to their families we decided to hand them over to representatives of Pope John Paul, II The lnt'l Red Cross Organization & the Swiss gov't Carter flew to Texas to express gratitude to 5 injured. "Nation owes them a debt of gratitude & appreciation & respect & admiration for their willingness to sacrifice" Some hostage seemed to be transferred to Tabrig. (NW. Iran) to be held in former US consulate. Given over to Militants today. (Merrinko for years an Tabrig) was set fire to a few weeks before Shah's downfall. Appeal to residents of Tabrig to cooperate in protecting hostages [[?]] be in Tehrab & Kharram Shahr - Iranian [[?]] calling for overthrow of Khomeini claims responsibility. Page 11 11 Common mkt gov'ts will carry out planned sanctions against Iran next month unless there is a breakthrough on US hostages. Divided its attention between C. market budget crisis & the aftermath of The Iranian rescue attempt. (was Carter, like us also thinking of EEC meeting as a good time to have focus on situation one way or another?) - stressed Eur concern about poss. use of US force in Gulf & eagerness (Eur) for moderation in rising US tone of hostility closing ranks with US to protect Western unity - hopes of offering Carter solidarity in hope of getting White House to listen to Eur. advice. Carter admin. edged closer to U.S. commitment to consult with allies before launching any military action against Iran Such as blockading or mining the Gulf. Lord Carrington going to US. Sunday. West. foreign ministers will hold NATO meeting in 2 weeks in Brussels Eur. leaders feel west must focus on Soviet military intervention in Afghanistan -military more serious problem for West than in Iran. 1) Solidarity with US Gov't & people over lran. 2) condemnation of Iranian hostage taking as violation of international law 3) Appeal to Waldheim for new initiatives. 4) Reaffirmation of Comm. market decision to impose 2 stage Sanctions on Iran starting with trade Embargo on May 17. 5) concern over Soviet presence in Afghanistan in defiance of world opinion & appeal a Muslim naturalized countries to press for estab. of Afghan [[?]] 6) Institutions to Comm Mkt foreign ministers to report on a poss. Eur. role in seeking Mid-East Settlement - Notably Palestinian issue if US approach is stymied spokesman stressed that leaders unanimously agreed US rescue attempt was a humanitarian action, not a military operation - Could not be equated with intervention in Afghanistan. Rescue Attempt details- US evidently counted on help from Iranian "friends" organizing trucks & rendas vous places. -Vance - Resignation Moscow & Iran both found it dignified & made capital on it! the correct decision to resign." Mr. Ghotszadeh: (rss.) showed decision to attempt rescue was so delicate & unpopular that was made in a circle of those who have a tendency to blow up the situation in Gulf & M.E. Justified- of Vance -good friend, level headed influence will be missed. "A tragedy for us Foreign Policy Excellent man - far sighted politician representative of best traditions of Am. Foreign policy Robert Byrd: He was dedicated, patriotic + he'll be missed. April 26-27 - Political damage to Carter may not allow him to recover- Tremendous need in US. for responsible & constructive behavior that transcends partisan differences, and among allies for an attitude that rises above frustration with the Carter administration + Sauve qui pent Le Mode - Poor mans [[sic]] Bay of Pigs. What will remain of the Carter Doctrine that is supposed to protect Western interests in the whole Gulf area? April 25 Er. officials: The mission had dangerously escalated The Iranian crisis & reduced Westen leverage.... Carter criticized for his timing. Reagen- Said he would her comment before he heard more details, other candidates offered support for Carter & concern for the hostages Frank Church (D Idaho) said Carter's actions broke Clement Zablocki (D.Wis)/ Federal law ....many legislators decried the president's having ordered the mission without their knowledge. Grief over death of 8 Americans But Justice Dept advised Carter that he was within the law in not consulting with Congress before ordering operation. Ironically, the Senate Foreign Relations Committee notified the Admin. 24th April that time had come to begin consultancies a possibility of using U.S. troops in Iran crisis. Page 14 14 Pres. for strong approval from Kissinger & Nixon & Bush - Kissinger- That US patience is not endless will speed up release & give caution to the Soviets. Do not think Soviets would be pleased with Military action so close to their borders - Urged Americans to support President. - Kennedy (Sen.) "we are untied as Americans in our determination to hold the Iranians gov't fully accountable for the safety of the hostages." Chas Percy (R. III) said if consulted in advance he would have tried to dissuade Carter from ordering mission. Reuss (D Wis.) said Carter should withdraw his bid for termination & quietly serve out his term without any more impulsive actions." Jim Wright (D. Texas) C. is a brave man. Alan Crauslen (D. Cal) agreed - if it had been a success the world would have proclaimed him a hero. Howard Baker- (R. Tenn.) plan well [[?]] well-guarded secret. He should have done it a long time ago - Page 15 Sunday Times 15 Psychiatrists Dick Mulder a Dutch psychiatrist believes it [[?]] what can amount to a change of identity. "The feeling of humiliation and physical [[crossed-out]] harm [[/crossed-out]] limitations can be harmful to their personalities The isolation can and does, havever, encourage a growing sense of reliance, symparing and even friendship between captive and captor - a bond known as "The Stockholm Syndrome" following a Swedish siege in which relations between The victims and the men holding Them grew extremely close - — My quotes from Thatcher meeting as requested in press I was V. [[very]] impressed with Mrs. T. "I told the P.M. about some of the reaction of the the families of the hostages - I personally find Mrs. T. a most extraordinary lady "Being in her presence was something very energising for me. I believe the US. has the support of the British in every way possible. Mrs Thatcher appeared opposed to any military action against Iran. "She said one should step very carefully" - (Evening) The tone of her voice, The look in her eye as will as her Eloquence due her wisdom." "Our mission here is not political. It's based on a people-to-people bond. We want to personalise the situation. We don't hear the voices of the hostages so we must be their voices. Page 16 Daily Express 16 Said she was coping - finding what strength I can, knowing that my husband is sharing strength." Mrs. Thatcher clasped both hands with Mrs. Kennedy Maist in Miami "[[?]] its a blessing that the planes crashed. That only eight people were killed instead of 50" ln Tehran: Barbara Timm "I am v. angry that the President of our country would do something so stupid. I do not fear for the safety of my son at the hands of the students holding him." Me: "I do not think the militants will do anything rash. It is her in their interests, above and beyond any relationships they might have developed with the hostages. "My youngest son Duncan said to me the other day "I have always had full confidence in my father and in you and you can have full confidence in me." Page 17 17 my quote: "The [[crossed-out]] American [[/crossed-out]] people of the U.S. are feeling very warlike. I just hope that we are a long way down the road from military action" (Post- Sat April 19th.) Barbara Timm before flying to Tehran. (Carter placed ban on travel to lran by US. citizens on April 17th shortly after Ghobzadeh told a press conference thar Timms could pick up visas to see their son Kevin H.