The Jesup Memorial Library Bar Harbor, Maine BAR HARBOR LIFE An abstract of what I hope will someday become a full-length history of Bar Harbor and her environs. It is a mere skeleton which could be supplemented with literally hundreds of pages of stories about old Bar Harbor and Acadia. Richard A. Savage FOREWORD This paper represents a rather hurried synthesis of two term papers done in course work at Harvard. Of the originals, one was entitled "Bar Harbor, A Social Port of Call." The other, a sociological work, was called, "The Changing Social Structure of Bar Harbor, Maine. 11 The following is intended to give a hint of what might be written in book form concerning the colorful social history of Bar Harbor. Unless a social history of the community is written in the next few years, so many of the old colony will have passed on, that much good material will no longer be available. the flow fong Day the of The ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS My utmost thanks go to John B. Ells for giving so freely of his time. Also thanks to Colonel Alley, Professor Opdycke, Mrs. Staples and others who have given me advice and information. The facilities of the Bar Harbor Historical Room were made easily accessible to me, and the contents thereof are the essential materials from which this paper takes form. The original bibliographies from my two papers are attached at the end of this paper. N W The ") E Hop FRENCHMAN'S 100 S Burnt Por cupine, Island 100 0 Rum Long East key Porcupine Lamoine Sheep Porcupine Bluense Ferry 137 BAY Island Island Terminal 170 Bar Island U.S. Passable at' low tide #3 ih Pier ST. WEST BAR COTTAGE SI Share HARBOR Bald Mt. DESERT ST. Porcupine as Pain Island Copied from Cromwell U.S. Dept, of Interior Cove Ogden Geological Survey point Topographic Map " Acadia National Park Sols and Vicinity" Cliff 1956 In 1924 an historian of Maine wrote: "The new arrival quickly discerns that he is in a town which is far different from the usual Maine village There are unusually well groomed homes and busy shops, but the village is devoid of cheap display and catch-penny affairs which naturally displease people of means and refinement. For miles on either side, the approaches to Bar Harbor are lined with the country or summer estates of people who have lavished their wealth upon the island But such evidences of wealth as we find here are not seen to such a degree in other towns in Maine Bar Harbor, taken with its environs, is first in beauty and, perhaps, in fame among the summer resorts of the North Atlantic coast. "1 Bar Harbor is a resort town on Mount Desert Island which has in the past been the summer haunt of the wealthy scions of America. At the turn of the century the town vied in socaal prominence with Newport, Rhode Island. Today tourism is her leading industry, and Bar Harbor, the gateway to beautiful Acadia National Park, is a mecca for tourists. In the year 1844, the landscape artist, Thomas Cole founded the summer colony. It is interesting, when tracing from this point Bar Harbor's development as a resort, to apply to its evolution the theory of resort development suggested by Cleveland Amory in his book The Last Resorts. The theory is simply this: that resorts are frequented first by artists and writers. These are followed by the still inconspicuous professors and clergymen. Soon, however, the resort attracts the wealthy and becomes the haven of ice"millionaires. Then, as a blow to all "good" people, the "naughty" -2- (conspicuous) millionaires arrive on the scene. In examining the summer colony up to the late 1930's, it seems that this theory can be applied quite success- fully to Bar Harbor. The early resorters visited Mount Desert seeking quiet and refuge. The early guest lists at the first Bar Harbor hotels showed a large percentage of professors and clergymen present. In fact, the leading social figures in the summer colony, even after the invasion of the wealthy, were a couple of bishops from New York. The first hotel was erected in Bar Harbor in 1867, but the town was not then widely known in social circles. Rapidly word of the scenic wonders of the island was spread, and by the late 1870's, Bar Harbor was a booming resort, attracting socialites from all over the eastern United States. At first they were primarily boarders in the hotels. Most prominent of the inns in the town were the Rodick House, which had six-hundred rooms, and the West End and the Grand Central, each of which had over three- hundreds and fiftyrooms. A few years later the Malvern and the Belmont were erected, along with the Louisburg. In a brochure published in 1888,in Augusta, we can read that: "The season of 1887 at Bar Harbor was a very successful one. Its numerous large hotels were crowded throughout the whole summer. Its cottages, or villas, which encircle the town, represent the best society in New York, Baltimore, Newport, and Philadelphia The cottagers vie with each other all summer, in afternoon and evening parties of all the varieties known, and these, with the formal calling, make the social burden almost as heavy as in town."2 Prominent in the summer colony in itsearly days were such men as Handerbilt, Morgan and Pulitzer. "By 1990 the town of Bar Harbor had become the summer social capital of the United States. 13 -3- As the twentieth century loomed nearer, a movement away from the hotels began. While the hotels had sufficient business (the Rodick House registered as many as one-hundred and fifty guests a week), the movement toward building private estates had commenced. 4 The cottagers bought more and more land and lived in increasing luxury. A literary figure bemoaned the progressive dislodgement of the summer boarder along the New England coast as the summer tragedy of American life. As early as 1905 that author wrote: "The regular boarders of old are now either cottagers or else they have wandered on to some resort which, if it lacks the charm of Mount Desert's scenery, permits a less artificial life. 15 But this building boom was seem by others as a great boon to the future of the resort. "It is the wealth invested in cottages more than anything else that gives assurance of permanency and steady growth. 16 In 1887 there had been twenty-five thousand resorters in Bar Harbor for varying lengths of time. The number increased into the century. As early as 1887 the membership of Saint Saviour's Episcopal Church in Bar Harbor numbered one-hundred in the winter and one- thousand in the summer. The trend in the 1900's was toward the classic "conspicuous consumption 11 of Veblen. Most notable of the early attempts at ostentation was the building of the three- hundred foot yacht "Liberty 11 by Joseph Pulitzer to compete with those yachts of Astor, Morgan and Vanderbilt. -4- The new century brought an increase in the number of "naughty millionaires." "Morgan partners and Standard Oil men were the two bastions of Bar Harbor wealth during the resort's great pre-income tax era. 17 The old clubs thrived with the Kebo Valley Country Club reigning supreme as the center of the social whirl in the summer. The Bot and Kettle Club, which today is the sole intact survivor of Bar Harbor's golden days, boasted among its membership some of the richest men in the world. Prior to the World War, naval visits to the port led to great festivities among the summer colony. In the '90's the entire North Atlantic Squadron frequently visited the area, and, in 1899, the Mount Desert Reading Room took charge of a reception for Admiral Sampson. More than one-thousand prominent guests were in autendance at that reception. "The event was characterized on all sides as the most successful affair ever given at Bar Harbor in honor of the navy The first event of importance given in honor of the fleet was the Canoe Club ball at the Malvern Hotel. The closing dance of the week in honor of Admiral Sampson and the officers of the fleet took place last evening at the Louisburg. 18 The navy has been over the years intricate- ly involved in Bar Harbor society. After the found- ing of the summer colony, Bar Harbor had become a busy port, withccoastal steamers running in and out at an ever increasing frequency. During the War Between the States, the Federal navy needed every sea-worthy vessel for blackade duty, and several of the steamers were taken for this purpose. Bar Harbor itself escaped any active contact with the war. By 1870, five years after Appamattox, there were four steamers on regular runs to the town, -5- and the community was receiving national publicity in Harper's Magazine . After a brief setback due to an epidemic of scarlatina which caused the town to be labled as "unhealthful" in social circles, Bar Harbor went on to annzevene achieve her golden age. The New York Yacht Club was a regular visitor to the bay, and during the latter part of the century, naval visits, of which Sampson's was one, were common. Aunts were send- ing to Philadelphia for their nieces to come and socialize with the officers. The summer colony and the naval officers seemed always to "hit it off" quite well. Besides Admiral Sampson, such famous naval men as Commander C. V. Gridley and Captain W. S. Schley came into port. Presidential visits during this era included that of President Arthur aboard the Despatch in 1882, and that of President Harrison in 1889. The only other Chief Executive who would visit Bar Harbor while in office would be Mr. Taft, who is still remembered for his diffi- culties on the seventeenth hole at Kebo. He stopped by in 1910. Just from this brief glimpse one can readily see that naval visits to the harbor had increased considerably since the Ossipee paid the first social call to Bar Harbor in 1876. Several events of future importance for Bar Harbor should now be noted. In the late nineteenth century, the neighboring town of Northeast Harbor began to attract summer visitors, many of whom came from Bar Harbor. Today Northeast Harbor has taken over as the Bar Harbor of the '60's. Second, in 1916 Congress created Lafayette National Park, to be founded on Mount Desert Island. This park would become a tourist attraction of great magnitude in the years to come. Third, Beginning after the War, property began to change hands rapidly, portending a significant change in the summer colony. when George M. McFadden bought the George Vanderbilt place in 1922, it was the first large piece of Bar -6- Harbor cottage property to change hands in fifteen years. In the next three years no less than forty-seven cottage properties changed hands. "9 The twenties and thirties saw a continuation of "conspicuous consumption" by the wealthy and the advent of the "New Deal. 11 Ostentation reached its greatest heights in Bar Harbor when Mrs. Edward Stotesbury had all of the fixtures in the many bathrooms in her estate gold-plated. The Stotesburys and the Atwater Kents were the leading socialites of the era. The times were such that Kent could admonish his wife: "Mabel, you're not spending enough money! "10 Walter Hagen was playing golf at Kebo, and Mary Roberts Rinehart was on her way to becoming the dean of American mystery story writers. The wealthy, continuing a long tradition, were contributing toward a new wing for the local hospital, and boxing and wrestling matches of internatuonal importance were being fought at the local arena. Boat races, concerts, tennis tournaments and horse shows still occupied much space in the social columns in the Bar Harbor Times. The Bar Harbor Club became the most prominent center for social life int the 'thirties and has continued as such. Both the Kents and Stotesburys were foremost in promoting the activities of "the Club," Mr. Stotesbury being president. On the naval side again, the twentieth century has been one of irregularity as far as naval visits are concerned. Just after the turn of the century, visits slowed down consid- erably. A coaling station was built in East Lamoine, on the other side of Frenchman's Bay from Bar Harbor, but it was of little use, being virtually abandoned in 1909. In 1906 the First squadron of the North Atlantic Fleet dropped anchor in the bay. "The 1906 visit was unusually long (Sept. 6-23) * and was accompanied by an amount of reciprocal naval entertainment never again seen in Bar Harhot It was indeed the high point in Bar Harbor's naval experience, for never again did the whole battleship force of the Atlantic Fleet come to Frenchman's Bay.' 11 -7- From this point until 1914 there was little in the way of unusual activity in the port. The naval visits diminished to the point that there were none at all in 1908 and 1909. In early August, 1914, Bar Harbor once again came alive. But this time it was a commercial vessel, the Kronprinzessin Cecile, a German liner, which was the cause for excitement. The ship, headed for Bremen, had turned back when word of the beginning of World War I had been received and had headed for an American port. Bar Harbor was chosen as one being likely to be unwatched by the British. The limer had ten million dollars worth of gold bullion on board, which was consigned to French and English banks. Fortunately there was a passenger on board, C. Ledyard Blair, who had yachted in the waters off Mt. Desert. He piloted the vessel around the Porcupine Islands and into the harbor. "As soon as it was learned that the ship was anchored in the Bay, everyone who could get away for a few minutes went to the shore path. The townspeople were all excited. Many went out in motor boats and tried to get aboard, but the ship was not receiving visitors "13 The passengers, as a whole, had been somewhat perturbed and frightened about the whole affair, for the trip back to the United States had been reckless by necessity. There was a great deal of discussion as to what was to be done with the Kronprinzessin Cecile It was finally decided that the ship would be removed to Boston, but in the meantime the ship remained off Bar Harbor. She was kept under guard by the U.S. navy. This task of watchdog fell first to the Androscoggin which was later relieved by the revenue cutter Mohawk. This watch was kept simply "to see that the laws of neutrality were not violated. 11 Needless to say, the liner could not escape contact with the summer colony. "Vincent Astor and his bride sailed into the harbor at Bar Harbor Tuesday afternoon on their yacht Norma. Mr. Astor boarded the Kronprinzessin Cecile and after inter- viewing the captain, returned to his yacht. "14 Finally on Friday, November 6, the German liner left for Boston with several destroyers serving as escorts. -8- The summer of 1914 was not without an appearance from the navy. In the same issue of the Times that tells of the arrival of the Mohawk---one can note that "The Bar Harbor boys wan in an exciting seven inning baseball game from the team on board the U.S.S. Warrington. 11 15 To make the story complete, a young lady spectator was knocked unconscious when struck on the head by a foul ball. For the duration of World War I, there was little naval activity in the port. But "With the return of peace and order in the 1920's, the tradition of naval visits to Bar Harbor was re-established, and now British vessels were more frequent 11 16 comers. The return of the navy was not to come overnight, however. The Board of Trade Chamber of Commerce) Report of 1921 shows several illustrious members of the bommunity and summer colony on the Battleship Committee, including Ernesto G. Fabbri, the shipper. The committee was highly influential, but the harbor remained pretty empty. There was the usual mult- itude of pleasure craft, but there were few nayal vessels. In 1922, the Board of Trade itself went through the processes of obtaining naval visits. Their offering for that summer was three destroyers. It was then that a new face appeared on the scene. Dr. John B. Ells found the efforts to secure naval visits somewhat less then satisfactory. In 1923 he was given, out of desperation, the chairmanship of the Battleship Committee. From that time on, the complexion of the naval situation in Bar Harbor has been someshat atterent. In the Board of Trade Report, 1925 appeared the following: After a most voluminous corres- pondence, and in face of most discouraging reports, our War Ship Committee, John B, Ells, chairman, succeeded in getting the largest number of war ships here that we have had in many seasons. The visiting ships included the first aircraft carrier to visit Bar Harbor, the U.S.S. Langley, and the British cruiser Capetown. This was in a period when Bar Harbor was in its decline as a haven of the wealthy. The Philadelphians still socialized with the officers, but the appearances of the nieces were less frequent and of shorter duration. Dr. John Ells boards HMS Superb, 1951 to greet Britain's Vice Adm. Sir Richard Symonds-Taylor. -9- With the Thirties came the New Deal, and with it a great redistribution of wealth. A growing middle class was becoming evident, and the class from which servants were drawn was deteriorating. The combination of high taxes and a shortage of servants, who were demanding higher wages, struck a death blow to resort life as it had been known, "In these days of high taxes and no real servant class in the old sense, nobody, no matter how much money they have, can live according to the old pattern. 17 Bar Harbor was hit as hard as any resort, and beginning in the late thirties, a great change could be noted within the summer colony. An even greater one could be seen concerning the relationships between the summer colonists and the natives. Let me examine first the decline of the old summer colony from "New Deal" times through today. With a dearth of servants, maintaining the large estates became a problem, and with fewer and fewer guests returning, the cottager had no need for a large home and no way to keep it going. A thoughtful summer resident proposed a question a half century ago which could be much better applied to the last thirty years: "Odd isn't it, how you note the people who come here year after year and who change so gradually that you never seem to notice it? Wonder if if's because they die off, or get tired of Bar Harbor, or go to Europe, or they marry- or why in the world is it? I always fall to wondering where the familiar faces of last year are - and I wonder, will they return?"18 The visits of the big yachts came to be less and less frequent. One by one the great hotels bit the dust, until, in 1947 only the Malvern, the Belmont and the DeGregoire remained. Many of the old colonists had passed away, leaving descendants who had not known the "old" Bar Harbor and who perhaps preferred the excitement of Newport or Southampton. The younger gener- ation, finding Bar Harbor worn out, moved to neighboring Northeast Harbor if they remained at Mount Desert. In the Cottage Directory" in the Bar Harbor Times in the 'forties, -10- one can notecan ever increasing number of listings for Northeast Harbor. "Recently Philadelphis's Tony Stewart, one of the most popular Bar Harbor bachelors, was asked how he was able to undergo the social life at the resort summer after summer with the same few people. He became very thoughtful. 'I drink a good deal, he said quietly, 1 you couldn't do it sober. 1⑉19 The local newspaper inadvertently tells much of the story of Bar Harbor's decline as a summer haven of the wealthy. By the 'forties the old hotel advertisements had disappeared, having been replaced by restaurant and overnight cabin ads. No longer could a masseur be summoned of a caterer be called to do a party. The clubs were still active, but membership was falling off, and the paper was giving less space to the less frequent and less glamorous functions of the new era. Spending was becoming more subtle, and it had become almost embarrassing to be conspicuously wealthy. But these were national, not local phenomena. Still, something intangible seemed to be lacking in the summer colony, and many wished for a return to the good old days. "Even resorters who have left the resorts use "my" Newport, Bar Harbor or Southampton for the resort as it was in their day, and "your" Newport, Bar Harbor or Southampton for the way it is today. 20 From 1931 to the present, innumerable ships have come to Bar Harbor. On July 13, 1931, the U.S.S. Constitution made an appearance. The Constitution was on a tour of American cities. Dr. Ells felt that Bar Harbor would be a better place, be it a town or not, for the ship to visit, than many of the coastal cities. Through his efforts the ship stopped at Bar Harbor. Ghowing proof of this can be seen on a picture of Commander Louis J. Gulliver, U.S.N., Captain of the Constitution. Commander Gulliver writes "To my good friend Dr. John B. Ells. If it had not been for you the Constitution would never have come into Bar Harbor. Sincerely and gratefully 11 In May of 1932, the French sloop Ville d'Ys anchored 19. Amory, op. cit.,p269. 20. ibid. p. 49. -11- in the bay. She was the first French vessel there since the Dupleix in '04. In the late summer of 1933, Bar Harbor was visited by H.M.S. Danae , H.M.S. Norfolk and the U.S.S. Indianapolis. Needless to say, the presence of two cruisers in the harbor created entertainment problems. These were ably solved, thanks in large part to the enthusiasm of certain members of the colony. "Mr. and Mrs. Edward T.Stotesbury entertained at a reception in honor of the visiting officers of the Danae, 21 Norfolk and Indianapolis on Sunday afternoon at 'Wingwood House. The fact that the Norfolk was flagship for the Commander of the American and West Indies Station added lustre to the occasion. A week later the social column of the Times noted that: "The governor (Louis .Brann, Rep. ) and his party attended the Navy Ball at the Bar Harbor Club in the evening. "22 That same week the paper devoted its center spread to pictures of the ships and personnel. J. M. Smeallie, Captain of the Indianapolis, wrote: "Bar Harbor's clubs, organizations and individual citizens have been most generous and cordial. 122 During World War II there was the usual lull. In late August of 1945, there were three destroyers in the harbor for the purpose of helping to celebrate Labor Day. V.J. Day came first, however, and for several hours the town was the site of an enormous celebration involving the townspeople, the summer residents, the tourists and the officers and crews of the ships. 1946 was a year of great success for Doctor Ells. Ever since the end of the war, he had attempted to secure, through Senator Owen Brewster, a visit from the battle- ship Missouri. All efforts had met with failure as the Missouri had not been permitted to make any social visits since the surrender of Japan. At that time the navy was having post- war recruiting campaign. So in fact was an exhibition ship--- an old LST made into a tropical museum replete with 2 dead Japs." It was intended for the ship to visit only cities. But through then Representative Smith and Senator Brewster, Dr. Ells got the ship to Bar Harbor. In order to do this, he 'MIGHTY MO' THE U.S.S. MISSOURI at Bar Harbor in 1946 -12- had to guarantee five thousand visitors per day. Actually 16,296 people visited the exhibition in the three days that it was in Bar Harbor. This was impressive in itself. But more impressive was the fact that during the visiting period of one hour and a half on the first day devoted to celebrities and influencial citizens, 376 such individuals boarded the vessel. The guests included five bishops, two admirals, three retired admirals and four generals, all of whom happened to be in the Bar Harbor area. Besides these people, Charles Coburn and Dorothy Lamour brought the whole troupe from Lakewood Theatre in Skowhegan to Bar Harbor for the occasion, on request from Doctor Ells. All in all, more guests saw the display in Bar Harbor than at all the rest of the stops put thgether. When informed of this, Secretary of the Navy Forrestal, duly impressed, called Dr. Ells and told him that anytime he wanted from the department to ask for it. In August of 1946 the U.S.S. Missouri made her first social visit since the end of hostilities with Japan. The port?- Bar Harbor. "The town found the men of the Missouri an especially fine group of sailors, and the visit was enjoyed by citizens and crew members alike. "24 1947 is a year which will live forever in the memory of Bar Harborites. In that year, a raging forest fire destroyed a good part of Mount Desert Island. Over 17,000 acres of woodlands were destroyed, and more than eleven million dollars worth of damage done. Bar Harbor was dead, said the press. Almost one-hundred estates were destroyed and people wondered how the summer colony could survive. But simple observation would have shown that Bar Harbor had died before the fire. "Even those who suffered extreme losses now admit that Bar Harbor cottage life was on the way out long before the fore and that the fore was merely the coup de grace. 25 Glancing through the pages of the various copies of the Times of the 'forties, one can read only of darkness - of the death of old summer residents, of the closing of hotels, of the purchase of estates by the town for back taxes. There were few notable weddings, few new hames, few reasons to -13- believe that Bar Harbor would still be alive and kicking in a few years. There was more in the paper about the Jackson Lab, and the old columns concerning life in the summer colony had given way to a column entitled "About Town, 11 which dealt with native problems and native affairs. And so we come to the end of this outline. The old Bar Harbor has departed, and the new has taken root. Once again I restate the hope that a comprehensive account of Bar Harbor's golden days might soon be written, for the history of Bar Harbor is at the same time a history of a colorful and controversial era of America herself. Let us hope that these days do not fade into obscurity. FOOTNOTES 1. L. Whitney Elkins, Coastal Maine (Bangor, Me. ,1924). p. 321. 2. Dr. W. B. Lapham, Bar Harbor and Mount Desert Island (Augusta, ME. , 1888), p. 11. 3. Louise Dickinson Rich, Coast of Maine(New York, 1956), p. 255. AveThe estates. rooms in are size. called "cottages", but they probably average 5. George Street, Mount Desert:A History (Boston, 1905), p. 332. 6. Lapham, op. cit.,P. 55. 7. Cleveland Amory, The Last Resorts (New York, 1948), p. 291. 8. Bar Harbor Life, August 12, 1899. 9. Amory,op.cit.,p. 3000. 10. Amory, p. 37. * parentheses mine. 11. Leonard Opdycke, Naval Visits to Bar Harbor (Bar Harbor, 1952), p. 21. 12. Bar Harbor Times, August 8,1914. 13. Ibid., August 22, 1914. 14. Ibid., August 8, 1914. 15. Ibid., August 22, 1914. 16. Opdycke, op. cit. p. 25. * Formerly the Battleship Committee. 17. Rich, op.cit., p. 261. 18. Bar Harbor Life, July 7, 1900. 19. Amory, op.cit., p.269. 20. Ibid., p. 49. 21. Bar Harobr Times, August 2, 1933. 22. Times, August 9, 1933. 23. Ibid., August 9, 1933. 24. Ibid., September 4, 1946. 25. Amory, op. cit., p. 269. BIBLIOGRAPHY Bar Harbor Times. August 8, 1914; August 22, 1914; August 2, 1933; August 9, 1933; September 4, 1946. Published weekly, on Thursdays, by the Bar Harbor Times Publishing Company, in Bar Harbor. The back copies are bound and available in the Bar Harbor Histoical Society room in the basement of the Jesup Memorial Library. The papers were of course invaluable as references. They give first hand accounts of events in most cases. Down East magazine, March, 1962. p 18 Published 10 times a year by Down East Enterprises, Inc., Camden, Maine. Hale, Richard Walden, Jr. The Story of Bar Harbor. New York: Ives Washburn, Inc., 1949. This work was subsidized by the town. It is satisfactory in its coverage of the history of the viciuity of Bar Harbor until 1844, but from this point on, the work is too sketchy. Mr. Hale fails to give an adequet picture of the summer colony. A comprehensive history of the community has yet to be written. I would estimate that a minimum of five hundred pages would be required in such an effort. Mr. Hale's book has about one hundred and sixty. Naval visits are virtually ignored, Letters of, and conversations with Dr. John B. Ells were of immense value as previously noted. Opdycke, Leonard. Naval Visits to Bar Harbor. Bar Harbor: Bar Harbor Times Publishing Co., 1952. This was a valuable reference. Mr. Opdycke presents a chronology and brief discussion of naval visits to the port. He also gave me some personal assistance in the matter of the visit of the Italian warship Montecuccoli. Portland Press Herald . March 26, 1955. Published daily except Sunday, by Guy Gannet Publishing Co., Portland. The quotation used was taken from an editorial. BIBLIOGRAPHY Amory, Cleveland. The Last Resorts. New York, 1948. Elkins, L. Whitney. Coastal Maine. Bangor, Me., 1924. Lapham, Dr. W.B. Bar Harbor and Mount Desert Island. Augusta, 1888. Rich, Louise Dickinson. The Coast of Maine. New York, 1956. Street, George E. Mount Desert: A History. Boston, 1905. Veblen, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York, 1962 (Mentor). Zimmerman, Carle Clark. The Changing Community. New York, 1938. I had use of the Bar Harbor Historical Room, the contents of which illustrate beautifully the history of the community. Much of this paper is based upon interviews and personal experience and recollection. Back copies of the old Bar Harbor Record, its social supplement, the Bar Harbob Life, and the Bar Harbor Times.were of immense value. PICTURE CREDITS The photographs of Dr. Ells and of the U.S.S. Missouri were taken from Down East magazine (see bibli- ography). The reproductions of the photographs of the Raimondo Montecuccoli, the U.S.S.Des Moines and the U.S.S. Indianapolis were taken from Jane's Fighting Ships, 1933, and 1954-55. omitted from this paper der their poor quality AUTOBIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH: Richard A. Savage Born: Bar Harbor, Maine, 1942. Educated: Stearns High School Millinocket, Maine '61 Harvard College '65 University of Rhode Island Teaching Fellow Summer residence: Bar Harbor, Maine 288-3739 Winter residence: Narragansett, Rhode Island