ACADIA NATIONAL PARK A HISTORICAL SKETCH Our national parks are areas of superlative scenery which are set apart and maintained by the Federal Government for the use and enjoyment of the people. They are the people's property; the Government, the people's agent and trustee. Few in number, but covering an extraordinary range of land- scape interest, they have all, with few exceptions, been formed by setting aside for park purposes lands already held in ownership by the United States and lie in the nationally younger regions of the country to the westward of the Mississippi. The first exception is Acadia National Park, occupying old French territory on the coast of Maine and created in 1919 from lands collected during the previous decade and presented to the Government. The name it bears commemorates the ancient French possession of the land and the part it had in the long contest to control the destinies and development of North America. The park is unique as a member of the national system in its contact with the ocean and inclusion of nationally owned coastal waters in its recreational territory. Acadia National Park lies surrounded by the sea, occupying as its nucleus and central feature the bold range of the Mount Desert Mountains, whose ancient uplift, worn by immeasurable time and recent ice erosion, remains to form the largest rock-built island on our Atlantic coast; " l'Isle des Monts deserts," as Champlain named it, with the keen descriptive sense of the early French explorers. The coast of Maine, like every other boldly beautiful coast region in the world whose origin is nonvolcanic, has been formed by the flooding of an old and water-worn land surface, which has turned its heights into islands and headlands, its stream courses into arms and reaches of the sea, its broader valleys into bays and gulfs. The Gulf of Maine itself is such an ancient valley, the deep-cut outlet of whose gathered waters may still be traced by soundings between Georges Bank and Nova Scotia, and whose broken and strangely indented coast, 2,500 miles in length from Portland to St. Croix- 1 2 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK a straight line distance of less than 200 miles-is simply an ocean- drawn contour line marked on its once bordering upland. At the center of this coast, the most beautiful in eastern North America, there stretches an archipelago of islands and island- sheltered waterways and lakelike bays-a wonderful region-and at its northern end, dominating the whole with its mountainous uplift, lies Mount Desert Island, whereon the national park is located. Ultimately it is intended that the park shall be extended to other islands in this archipelago and points upon the coast, and become, utilizing these landlocked ocean waters with their limitless recrea- tional opportunities, no less a marine park than a land park, exhibit- ing the beauty and the freedom of the sea Without such contact with it and the joys of boating the National Park System would not be complete. THE STORY OF MOUNT DESERT ISLAND Mount Desert Island was discovered by Champlain in September, 1604, 16 years and over before the coming of the Pilgrim Fathers to Cape Cod. He had come out the previous spring with the Sieur de Monts, a Huguenot gentleman, a soldier and the governor of a Huguenot city of refuge in southwestern France, to whom Henry IV-' le grand roi "-had intrusted, the December previous, estab- lishment of the French dominion in America. De Monts's commis- sion, couched in the redundant, stately language of the period, is still extant, and its opening words are worth recording, SO intimate and close is the relation of the enterprise to New England history: Henry, by the grace of God, King of France and of Navarre, to our dear and well-beloved friend the Sieur de Monts, gentleman in ordinary to our chamber, greeting: As our greatest care and labor is and has ever been since our coming to this throne to maintain it and preserve it in its ancient greatness, dignity, and splendor, and to widen and extend its bounds as much as may legitimately be done, We having long had knowledge of the lands and territory called Acadia, and being moved above all by a single-minded purpose and firm resolu- tion We have taken, with the aid and assistance of God, Author, Distributor, and Protector of all States and Kingdoms, to convert and instruct the people who inhabit this region, at present barbarous, without faith or religion or be- lief in God, and to lead them into Christianity and the knowledge and profes- sion of our faith and religion. Having also long recognized from the accounts of captains of vessels, pilots, traders, and others who have frequented these lands, how fruitful and advantageous to us, our States and subjects might be the occupation and possession of them for the great and evident profit which might be drawn therefrom, We, in full confidence in your prudence and the knowledge and experience you have gained of the situation, character, and conditions of the aforesaid country of Acadia from the voyages and sojourns you have pre- viously made in it and neighboring regions, and being assured that our plan and resolution being committed to your care you will diligently and attentively, ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 3 and not less valorously and courageously, pursue them and lead them to com- pletion, have expressly committed them to your charge and do constitute you by these presents, signed by our hand, our lieutenant general, to represent our Person in the lands and territory, the coasts and confines of Acadia, to com- mence at the fortieth degree of latitude and extend to the forty-sixth degree. And We order you throughout this territory as widely as possible to establish and make known our name and authority, subjecting to these and making obedient to them all the people dwelling therein, and by every lawful means to call them to the knowledge of God and the light of the Christian faith and religion. De Monts, sailing in the spring of 1604, founded his first colony on an island in the tidal mouth of a river at the western entrance to the Bay of Fundy-" Baie Francoise" he named it, though the Portuguese name Bahia Funda," Deep Bay, in the end prevailed- which two centuries later, in memory of it, was selected to be the commencement of our national boundary. While he was at work on this he sent Champlain in an open vessel with a dozen sailors to explore the western coast. A single, long day's sail with a favoring wind brought him at nightfall into Frenchmans Bay, beneath the shadow of the Mount Desert Mountains, and his first landfall within our national bounds was made upon Mount Desert Island in the township of Bar Harbor. A few years later the island again appears as the site of the first French missionary colony established in America, whose speedy wrecking by an armed vessel from Virginia was the first act of overt warfare in the long struggle between France and England for the control of North America. In 1688, seventy-odd years later, private ownership began, the island being given as a feudal fief by Louis XIV to the Sieur de la Mothe Cadillac-later the founder of Detroit and Governor of Lou- isiana, who is recorded as then dwelling with his wife upon its eastern shore and who still signed himself in his later documents, in ancient feudal fashion, Seigneur des Monts deserts. In 1713, Louis XIV, defeated on the battle fields of Europe, ceded Acadia-save only Cape Breton-to England, and Mount Desert Island, unclaimed by Cadillac, became the property of the English Crown. Warfare followed till the capture of Quebec in 1759, when settlement from the New England coasts began. To the Province of Massachusetts was granted that portion of Acadia which now forms part of Maine, extending to the Penobscot River and including Mount Desert Island, which it shortly thereafter gave "for distinguished services" to Sir Francis Bernard, its last English governor before the breaking of the revolutionary storm. Title to it was later confirmed to him by a grant from George III. 4 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK In September, 1762, Gov. Bernard sailed from Fort William in Boston Harbor with a considerable retinue, to view his new pos- session and kept a journal that may still be seen. He anchored in the "great harbor of Mount Desert," just off the present town of Southwest Harbor, which he laid out with his surveyors; he explored the island, noting its fine timber, its water power for sawmills, its good harbors, its abundance of wild meadow grass "high as a man," and of "wild -beach peas, perhaps-for fodder, and its wealth of fish in the sea. He had himself rowed up Somes Sound, a glacial fiord which deeply penetrates the island, cutting its mountain range in two. This he called the river, as in that region other inlets of the sea are called to-day, following the custom of the early French. And he visited Somes, one of the earliest settlers from the Massachusetts shore, then building his log cabin at the sound's head, where Somesville is to-day, and walked across to see a beaver's dam near by, at whose "artificialness" he wondered. Then came the Revolution. Bernard's stately mansion on the shore of Jamaica Pond and his far-off island on the coast of Maine both were confiscated, he taking the king's side and sailing away from Boston Harbor while the bells were rung in jubilation. And Mount Desert Island, once the property of the Crown of France, once that of England, and twice granted privately, became again the property of Massachusetts. But after the war was over and Ber- nard had died in England, his son, John Bernard, petitioned to have his father's ownership of the island restored to him, claiming to have been loyal himself to the colony, and a one-half undivided interest in it was given him. Then, shortly after, came the granddaughter of Cadillac-Marie de Cadillac, as she signed herself-and her hus- band, French refugees of the period, bringing letters from Lafayette, and petitioned in turn the General Court of Massachusetts to grant them her grandfather's possession of the island-asking it not as of legal right but on a ground of sentiment, the gratitude of the colo- nies to France for assistance given in their War of Independence. And the General Court, honoring their claim, gave them the other undivided half. Then it sent surveyors down and divided the island, giving the western portion, including the town of South- west Harbor his father had laid out, to John Bernard, who promptly sold it and went out to England and died governor of one of the West Indies, being also knighted; and the eastern half, where Cadillac once had lived and where Bar Harbor, Seal, and Northeast Harbors are to-day, to Marie de Cadillac and her husband-M. and Mme. de Gregoire-who came to Hulls Cove, on Frenchmans Bay, and lived and died there, selling, piece by piece, their lands to ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 5 settlers. It is from these two grants made by the Commonwealth of Massachusetts to the granddaughter of Cadillac and the son of Bernard, each holding originally by a royal grant, that the Govern- ment's present title to its park lands springs. History is written into its deeds. During the first half of the nineteenth century Mount Desert Island still remained remote and inaccessible, except to coasting vessels, but fishing hamlets gradually sprang up along its shore, the giant pines whose slowly rotting stumps one comes upon to-day among the lesser trees were cut and shipped away, town government was established, roads of a rough sort were built, and the island connected with the mainland by a bridge and causeway. Then came steam, and all took on a different aspect. The Boston & Bangor Steamship Line was established; a local steamer connected Southwest Harbor with it through Eggemoggin Reach and Penobscot Bay, a sail of remarkable beauty; and summer life at Mount Desert began. The first account of it we have is contained in a delightful journal kept during a month's stay at Somesville in 1855 by Mr. Charles Tracy, of New York, the father of Mrs. J. Pierpont Morgan, sr., who came with him as a girl, and which is still preserved. The party was large-26 in all-and filled Somes Tavern full to overflowing. In it, besides Mr. Tracy and his family, were the Rev. Dr. Stone, of Brookline, Mass., with his family; Frederick Church, the artist, and his sister; and Theodore Winthrop, killed afterwards in the Civil War, who wrote John Brent, with its once famous description of a horse. They climbed the mountains, tramped through the woods, lost themselves at night-half a dozen of them-and slept by a camp fire in the wild; drove over to Bar Harbor, then on to Schooner Head, where they slept at the old farmhouse, climbing the then nameless "mountain with the cliff" that shadowed it at sundown, and drinking by the pitcherful such milk as New York could not supply; and then, like Hans Breitman, in climax to their stay they gave a party, importing by the boat to Southwest Harbor the first piano the island had ever seen and inviting to it the islanders and fisherfolk from far and near. It was a great success. They danced, they sang songs, they played games, and had a lobster salad such as only millionaires can have to-day, keeping up their gayety until 2 o'clock in the morning, when their last guests-two girls from Bar Harbor who had driven themselves over for it-hitched up their horse and left for home in spite of remonstrance and the offer of a bed. Such was the beginning of Mount Desert social life. Ten years later, when the Civil War had swept over like a storm, summer life began in earnest at Bar Harbor, compelled by the sheer beauty of the spot. No steamer came to it till 1868; then, for another 6 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK season, only once a week. No train came nearer than Bangor, 50 miles away, with a rough road between. But still it grew by leaps and bounds, overflowing the native cottages and fishermen's huts, sleeping in tents, feeding on fish and doughnuts and the abundant lobster. The native cottages expanded and became hotels, simple, bare, and rough, but always full. The life was gay and free and wholly out of doors-boating, climbing, picnicking, buckboarding, and sitting on the rocks with book or friend. All was open to wander over or picnic on; the summer visitor possessed the island. Then lands were bought, summer homes were made, and life of a new kind began. It was from the impulse of that early summer life that the move- ment for public reservations and the national park arose, springing from memory of its pleasantness and the desire to preserve in largest measure possible the beauty and freedom of the island for the peo- ple's need in years to come. The park, as a park, is still in its be- ginning. It has now spread out beyond its island bounds and crossed the bay to include the noble headland and long surf-swept point of Schoodic on the mainland shore. And Congress in giving the right to make the new extension changed its name from Lafayette to Acadia National Park, to tell of its region's early history and romance. Its lands have been throughout a gift to the Nation, coming from many sources, and much personal association is linked, closely and inseparably, with its formation. It is still growing, and with the contiguous, landlocked ocean waters, beautiful as lakes and nationally owned like it, to extend out onto, there is no limit to the number to whom it may give rest and pleasure in the future, com- ing from our crowded eastern cities, from which it is accessible by land or water, rail or motor car. A WILD-LIFE SANCTUARY One important aspect of our national parks and monuments is that they-unlike the forests, devised to follow economic lines-are absolute sanctuaries, islands of shelter for the native life in all but noxious forms. Like the monasteries in the Middle Ages that sheltered-all too fragmentarily-the literature and learning of the classic period, they are a means of incalculable value for pre- serving in this destructive time the wealth of forms and species we have inherited from the past and have a duty to hand on un- diminished to the future, SO far as that be possible. In this aspect of a wild-life sanctuary, plant and animal, Acadia National Park is remarkable. Land and sea, woodland, lake, and mountain all are represented in it in wonderful concentra- tion. In it, too, the northern and temperate zone floras meet ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 7 and overlap, and land climate meets sea climate, each tempering the other. It lies directly in the coast migration route of birds and exhibits at its fullest the Acadian forest, made famous by Evangeline, and the northernmost extension of that great Appa- lachian forest which at the landing of De Monts stretched without a break from the St. Lawrence to the Gulf and is the oldest, by the record of the rocks, and richest in existing species of any min- gled hardwood and coniferous forest in the Temperate Zone. And it possesses, also, a rich biologic field in the neighboring ocean, the parent habitat of life. Deeper waters apart, the sea beach and tidal pools alone form an infinite source of interest and study, while the ocean climate, like the land one, is profoundly different from that to the southward, off the Cape Cod shore. To take advantage of this opportunity an association has been formed, incorporated under the name of the Wild Gardens of Acadia, to cooperate with the Government in the development of the educa- tional and scientific features of the park and its environment. By means of it a marine biological laboratory has been established on the shore, material has been gathered for a book upon the wild flowers of the park and wild gardens for their exhibition started, and ento- mological collections, and studies in the bird life and geology of the region have been made. The park itself is a living natural history museum, a geological and historic area lending itself remarkably to the nature guide and lecture service which is rapidly becoming SO valuable a feature in our national parks. Botanically Acadia National Park forms an exceedingly inter- esting area. Champlain's term "deserts" in description of the mountains meant, in accordance with the original significance of the word, "wild and solitary": not "devoid of vegetation." Vege- tation, on the contrary, grows upon the island with exceptional vigor, and in wide range of form. The native forest must-before it was invaded by the axe-have been superb, and superb it will again become under the Government's protection. Wild flowers are abundant in their season, among them a number of species of con- spicuous beauty, because of their loveliness in danger of extermina- tion until the national park was formed and its lands became a sanctuary. The rocks, frost split and lichen-clad, with granite sands between, are of a character that makes the mountain tops, with their bearberries and blueberries and broad ocean outlook, wild rock gardens of inspiring beauty, while both mountain tops and woods are made accessible by over a hundred miles of trails built by successive generations of nature-loving summer visitors. In addition to ocean, rocks, and mountain heights, to woods and wild flowers, and to trails trodden by the feet of generations, 8 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK Acadia National Park has a rich possession in an inexhaustible spring source of pure, delicious water rising-cool and constant- from beneath the mountain at the entrance from Bar Harbor, and made, with its free gift of water to the passing public, a memorial to the Sieur de Monts, the founder of Acadia. ROADS A road of great beauty through the lake district of the park, con- necting Bar Harbor with the resorts upon the southern shore, Seal and Northeast Harbors, has been opened to travel. Rising from this, another road, construction of which is now nearing completion, is planned to reach the summit of Cadillac Mountain, the highest point in the park range or on our eastern coast, replacing an early buck- board road now washed away. Roads giving entrance to the park upon the northern or Bar Harbor side, with parking space for those who wish to use the mountain trails, are under construction, as is also a system of roads for use with horses which, when complete, will open other and wide sections of the park to a use that will recall the past, preserving what the motor road has lost. MOTOR TRAVEL No place in the East offers an objective point of greater interest for motor travel than Acadia National Park and its surrounding coast resorts, which provide accommodations for its visitors. In addition to the park roads, there is an excellent system of State and town roads encircling and traversing Mount Desert Island which reaches every point of interest. These roads have a combined length of over 200 miles, and exhibit a combination of seashore and inland scenery not found elsewhere on the eastern coast. For those who do not have their own automobiles, well arranged motor-bus trips may be taken from Bar Harbor through the park and about the island. These trips are made twice daily with well-timed stops at the principal points of interest. Public-hire automobiles, with or without drivers, are also available for small parties at estab- lished moderate rates. INFORMATION The office of Acadia National Park is situated at Bar Harbor, Me., on the corner of Main Street and Park Road, opposite the Athletic Field. It is open daily except Sundays from 9 o'clock a. m. to 5 o'clock p. m. during the summer season, from June 15 to October 15; at other seasons until 4 o'clock. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 9 The Bar Harbor Information Bureau immediately adjoins it upon Main Street, and is prepared to furnish visitors with all information concerning train service and boat service, motor routes, fares, hotels and boarding houses, objects of interest, trails, and excursions, or to answer correspondence. Maps of Mount Desert Island, issued by the United States Geological Survey, and literature relating to the park and to the history and natural history of its region may be obtained from the office or the information bureau. The superintendent of the park is George B. Dorr, to whom all correspondence relating to the park should be addressed. HOW TO REACH THE PARK Acadia National Park may be reached by automobile, by railroad, or by steamship. Railroad service from June to mid-September is excellent. Through trains leave Washington, Philadelphia, and New York daily, arriving at noon the next day. Returning, the Bar Harbor Express leaves Bar Harbor at 2 p. m. daily, arriving at New York the next morning. Through sleeping-car service is maintained daily throughout the summer season between Boston and Bar Harbor, and daily except Sunday throughout the rest of the year. The Eastern Steamship Lines from Boston maintain daily service to Bar Harbor, leaving Boston late in the afternoon and arriving at Bar Harbor the following noon. This water trip is one of the most delightful ways of reaching the park. By motor the park is accessible from all eastern points over good State highways. The island is connected with the mainland by a steel and concrete drawbridge at the terminus of the Lafayette Highway, which connects Bangor on the Atlantic Highway with Bar Harbor and the park. It is also possible for the motorist to drive to Rockland, at the entrance to Penobscot Bay, and go by boat, with car aboard, to Bar Harbor or Northeast or Southwest Harbor. The park is 187 miles from Portland, Me., by highway, 305 miles from Boston, and about 600 miles from New York. MOTOR CAMPING A public camp ground is maintained in the park for motorists bringing their own camping outfits. The ground is equipped with running water, modern sanitary conveniences, outdoor fireplaces, electric lights, and places to wash clothes. It is under the close supervision of the park authorities, and safety and freedom from annoyance is assured. No charge is made for the camping privilege. 97288°-32- 10 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK CARRIAGE ROADS AND BRIDLE PATHS Connected with the town road system and leading into and through the park is an excellent system of roads for use with horses, some 30 miles in extent. Stables at Bar Harbor, Jordan Pond, and North- east Harbor furnish horses, saddle and driving, for trips over these roads. Buckboards, Bar Harbor's own contribution to the horse- drawn vehicle class, leave the Malvern Hotel in Bar Harbor and the Jordan Pond House at two o'clock daily for trips over the park's carriage roads. TRAILS AND FOOTPATHS Acadia is primarily a trail park and contains within its bound- aries at the present time some 200 miles of trails and footpaths, reaching every mountain summit and traversing every valley. The system is SO designed that the inclination of every type of walker is met. Broad lowland paths offer delightfully easy walks; winding trails of easy grade to the mountain summits are provided for those who like a moderately strenuous climb; and rough mountainside trails give opportunity for hardy exercise to those who enjoy real hiking. It is only by means of these trails and paths that the park can be really seen and appreciated, and the system is SO laid out that there is no danger of becoming lost. GUIDES While no guides are necessary on any park trips, free guides may be obtained at the Bar Harbor information office. adjoining the park office, to accompany parties, either riding or hiking, over the island. MOTOR AND BOAT TRIPS From the park as center a wide variety of interesting motor trips, along the coast as far as to the Maritime Provinces and inland to Moosehead Lake and Mount Katahdin, can readily be made, and excellent cars for the purpose can be hired by visitors not coming in their own. From it also delightful trips by water can be made over island-sheltered reaches of the sea, extending from Frenchmans Bay to Penobscot Bay and River along the most beautiful section of our Atlantic coast. Interesting boat trips from Bar Harbor along the shores of French- mans Bay are conducted twice daily. The boats are safe and com- fortable and are in charge of competent captains who point out and explain all features of interest. From the water the park mountains are seen at their best, as are the estates of the island summer residents. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 11 FISHING Acadia National Park combines the opportunity for excellent fish- ing in fresh waters, of lake and stream, with that for deep-sea and coastal fishing in waters identical in life and character with those of the famous banks which lie offshore from it, across the Gulf of Maine. Power boats, sail boats, canoes, and camping outfits can all be rented, with competent guides. Visiting fishermen in the State of Maine are required to obtain a nonresident State fishing license which costs $3.15. MUSEUMS During the past year a museum was built on land conveyed to it adjoining the Sieur de Monts Spring entrance to the park, and dedicated to public use. It contains relics of the stone-age period of Indian culture in this region, books and maps. An archeologist is in charge during the summer season to explain the relics. The museum and its equipment, together with a substantial maintenance endowment, were provided through the generosity of the late Dr. Robert Abbe, of Bar Harbor and New York, and friends inspired by his interest and rare enthusiasm. Open freely to park visitors also is a most interesting museum at Islesford, on Little Cranberry Island, a brief and sheltered boat trip from Northeast or Southwest Harbor, which houses a unique collec- tion of prints and documents relating to the settlement and early history of the region made by Prof. William Otis Sawtelle to whose vision and interest and long, untiring work the whole is due. RULES AND REGULATIONS (Approved January 14, 1932, to continue in force and effect until otherwise directed by the Secretary of the Interior) GENERAL REGULATIONS The following rules and regulations for the government of the Acadia National Park are hereby established and made public pur- suant to authority conferred by the acts of Congress approved Feb- ruary 26, 1919 (40 Stat. 1178), January 19, 1929 (45 Stat. 1083), May 23, 1930 (46 Stat. p. 1, 377), and August 25, 1916 (39 Stat. 535), as amended June 2, 1920 (41 Stat. 732), and March 7, 1928 (45 Stat. 200-235), and shall supersede all previous rules and regu- lations for this park heretofore promulgated, which are hereby rescinded. 1. Preservation of natural features and curiosities.-The destruc- tion, injury, defacement, or disturbance in any way of buildings, signs, equipment, or other property, or the trees, flowers, vegetation, rocks, minerals, animal, or bird, or other life is prohibited : Provided, That flowers may be gathered in small quantities when, in the judgment of the superintendent, their removal will not impair the beauty of the park. Before any flowers are picked, permit must be secured from this officer. 2. Camping.-No camp shall be made except at designated locali- ties, and when made must be kept neat and orderly. Blankets, clothing, hammocks, or any other article shall not be hung near a road. Many successive parties camp on the same sites each year; there- fore camp grounds should be thoroughly cleaned before they are abandoned. Tin cans, bottles, cast-off clothing, and all other débris shall be placed in garbage receptacles or pits provided for the purpose. Campers may use only dead or fallen timber for fuel. Campers and others shall not wash clothing or cooking utensils or pollute in any other manner the waters of the park. Bathing in any of the streams near the regularly traveled thoroughfares in the park is not permitted without suitable bathing clothes. 3. Fires.-Fires constitute one of the greatest perils to the park. They shall not be kindled except with the express permission of the 12 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 13 superintendent or his representative, and only in designated locali- ties; they shall be lighted only when necessary, and when no longer needed shall be completely extinguished, all embers and ash beds being smothered with earth or water so that no possibility remains of their reignition. Especial care shall be taken that no lighted cigar or cigarette is dropped in any grass, twigs, leaves, or tree mold. Smoking or the building of fires on any lands within the park may be prohibited by the superintendent when, in his judgment, the hazard makes such action necessary. The use of fireworks or firecrackers in the park is prohibited except with the written permission of the superintendent. 4. Hunting.-The park is a sanctuary for wild life of every sort, and hunting, killing, wounding, capturing, or frightening any bird or wild animal in the park is prohibited. No light shall be used for the purpose of observing the wild life in the park except as authorized in writing by the superintendent. Firearms are prohibited in the park except on written permission. of the superintendent. 5. Fishing.-Fishing must be done in strict accordance with the State laws. Fishing in particular waters may be suspended, or the number of fish that may be taken by one person in any one day from the various streams or lakes may be regulated by the superintendent. Possession of more than two days' catch by a person at any one time will be construed as a violation of this regulation. 6. Private operations.-No person, firm, or corporation shall re- side permanently, engage in any business, or erect buildings in the park without permission in writing from the Director of the Na- tional Park Service, Washington, D. C. Applications for such per- mission may be addressed to the director through the superintendent of the park. 7. Cameras.-Still and motion picture cameras may be freely used in the park for general scenic purposes. For the filming of motion pictures or sound pictures requiring the use of artificial or special settings, or special equipment, or involving the performance of a professional cast, permission must first be obtained from the super- intendent of the park. 8. Gambling.-Gambling in any form, or the operation of gam- bling devices, whether for merchandise or otherwise, is prohibited. 9. Advertisements.-Private notices or advertisements shall not be posted or displayed in the park, excepting such as the park super- intendent deems necessary for the convenience and guidance of the public. 14 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 10. Grazing.-The running at large, herding, or grazing of live- stock of any kind on the Government lands in the park, as well as the driving of livestock over same, is prohibited, except where au- thority therefor has been granted by the superintendent. Live- stock found improperly on the park lands may be impounded and held until claimed by the owner and the trespass adjusted. 11. Authorized operators.-All persons, firms, or corporations holding franchises in the park shall keep the grounds used by them properly policed and shall maintain the premises in a sanitary con- dition to the satisfaction of the superintendent. No operator shall retain in his employment a person whose presence in the park may be deemed by the superintendent subversive of good order and management of the park. All operators shall require each of their employees to wear a metal badge with a number thereon or other mark of identification, the name and number corresponding therewith or the identification mark being registered in the superintendent's office. These badges must be worn in plain sight. 12. Dogs and cats.-Dogs and cats are prohibited on the Govern- ment lands in the park except that upon written permission of the superintendent, secured upon entrance, they may be transported over through roads by persons passing directly through the park provided they are kept under leash, crated, or otherwise under restrictive control of the owner at all times while in the park: Provided, how- ever, That employees and others may be authorized by the superin- tendent to keep dogs in the park administrative area, or areas, on condition that they are kept within the confines of these areas, and subject to such further conditions in the interest of good park admin- istration as may be determined by the superintendent. 13. Dead animals.-All domestic or grazed animals that may die on Government lands in the park at any tourist camp or along any of the public thoroughfares shall be buried immediately by the owner or person having charge of such animals at least 2 feet beneath the ground, and in no case less than one-fourth mile from any camp or thoroughfare. 14. Fines and penalties.-Persons who render themselves obnoxious by disorderly conduct or bad behavior shall be subjected to the pun- ishment hereinafter prescribed for violation of the foregoing regula- tions, and/or they may be summarily removed from the park by the superintendent. Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 15 NOTES.-All complaints by tourists and others as to service, etc., rendered in the park should be made to the superintendent, in writing, before the complainant leaves the park. Oral complaints will be heard daily during office hours. Persons finding lost articles should deposit them at the Government headquarters or at the nearest ranger station, leaving their own names and address, SO that if not claimed by the owners within 60 days articles may be turned over to those who found them. AUTOMOBILE AND MOTOR CYCLE REGULATIONS 1. Automobiles.-The motor-road system is open only to automo- biles operated for pleasure. Motor busses over 10-passenger capacity, however, are not permitted without special authority from the superintendent in each case. No motor trucks are admitted except those used in connection with road maintenance or other authorized park projects. Careful driving is required of all persons using the roads. The Government is in no way responsible for accidents. 2. Motor cycles.-Motor cycles are admitted to the park under the same conditions as automobiles and are subject to the same regula- tions, SO far as they are applicable. 3. Distance apart; gears and brakes.-Automobiles while in motion shall not be less than 50 feet apart, except for the purpose of passing, which is permissible only on levels or slight grades, and on curves only where clear vision can be obtained ahead. All automobiles, except while shifting gears, must retain their gears constantly enmeshed. Brakes shall at all times be in good working order. 4. Speed.-Speed is limited to 15 miles per hour when rounding sharp curves; otherwise the speed limit shall not exceed 18 miles per hour. 5. Horns.-The horn shall be sounded on approaching curves or other stretches of road concealed ahead and before passing other vehicles. 6. Lights.-All automobiles shall be equipped with head and tail lights, the headlights to be of sufficient brilliancy to insure safety in driving after dark, and all lights shall be kept lighted after sunset. Headlights shall be dimmed when meeting other automobiles or horse-drawn vehicles. 7. Muffler out-outs.-Muffler cut-outs shall be kept closed at all times. 8. Parking.-Motor vehicles shall not be parked on the roadsides. All parking shall be done at points designated for this purpose. 16 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 9. Accidents; stop-overs.-If, because of accident or stop for any reason, automobiles are unable to keep going, they shall be imme- diately parked off the road, or where this is impossible, on the outer edge of the road. The driver of any motor-driven vehicle who meets with an accident shall report same at the nearest ranger station or to the superin- tendent of the park. Cadillac Mountain and Bubble Pond-Jordan Pond motor-road system.-Automobiles and motor cycles may enter upon this system between the hours of 7 a. m. and 9 p. m. daily from its opening in the spring until September 15 of each year. From September 15 until such later period as the superintendent may designate the closing hour shall be 8 p. m. 11. Sieur de Monts Spring Road and Champlain Mountain Road.- Automobiles and motor cycles are admitted on the Champlain Moun- tain and Sieur de Monts Spring Roads subject to the foregoing regulations, except that of opening and closing hours. Hours during which motor traffic may be permitted upon these roads will be posted from time to time and shall be determined by the use and condition of the roads. 12. Horse roads.-No motor vehicles are permitted on any road specially designated or constructed for horse-drawn vehicular traffic except duly authorized work cars. 13. Suspension of regulations.-Annually, between November 1 and June 1, or at other times in cases of emergency, the park roads may be closed to traffic except such as the superintendent may deem necessary for maintenance or other work. 14. Fines and penalties.-Any person who violates any of the foregoing regulations shall be deemed guilty of a misdemeanor and shall be subject to a fine of not more than $500 or imprisonment not exceeding six months, or both, and be adjudged to pay all costs of the proceedings, and/or by immediate ejectment from the park. MAPS A topographic map of Acadia National Park (size 131/2 by 201/2 inches), scale 2 miles to the inch, may be purchased from the Direc- tor of the Geological Survey, Washington, D. C., for 10 cents, post- age prepaid. On the above map the roads, trails, and names are printed in black, the streams in blue, and the relief is indicated by brown contour lines. 1 May be purchased also by application at the office of the superintendent of the park, but that office can not fill mail orders. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 17 The following maps are obtainable at the publicity office and book- stores, Bar Harbor, and at the Jordan Pond House, Seal Harbor: Path map, eastern half, Mount Desert Island, 1: 29,000; 75 cents. Map of Mount Desert Island, 1: 40,000; 60 cents. Path map, western half, Mount Desert Island; 75 cents. There is also for free distribution at the publicity office, Bar Har- bor, a small outline map of Mount Desert Island, showing principal roads and drives and points of interest. LITERATURE GOVERNMENT PUBLICATIONS Government publications on Acadia National Park may be obtained as indicated below. Separate communications should be addressed to the officers mentioned. DISTRIBUTED FREE BY THE NATIONAL PARK SERVICE The following publications may be obtained free on written appli- cation to the Director of the National Park Service, or by personal application to the office of the superintendent of the park: Map of National Parks and National Monuments. Shows location of all of the national parks and monuments administered by the Na- tional Park Service, and all railroad routes to these reservations. Map of the western United States. Shows the National Park-to-Park Highway and other roads. Glimpses of Our National Parks. 66 pages, including many illustrations. Contains description of the most important features of the principal national parks. Glimpses of Our National Monuments, 74 pages, including many illustrations. Contains brief descriptions of all the national monu- ments administered by the Department of the Interior. SOLD BY THE SUPERINTENDENT OF DOCUMENTS The following publications may be obtained from the Superintend- ent of Documents, Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C., at the prices indicated. Postage prepaid. Remittances should be made by money order or in cash. The National Parks Portfolio. By Robert Sterling Yard. Sixth edition. 274 pages, includ- ing numerous illustrations. Bound securely in cloth. $1.1 Contains nine chapters, each descriptive of a national park, and one a larger chapter devoted to other parks and monuments. 1 May be purchased also by personal application at the office of the superintendent of the park, but that office can not fill mail orders. 18 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK OTHER NATIONAL PARKS Circulars of General Information similar to this for the national parks listed below may be obtained free of charge by writing to the Director of the National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Crater Lake National Park. Mount Rainier National Park. Glacier National Park. Rocky Mountain National Park. Grand Canyon National Park. Sequoia and General Grant National Grand Teton National Park. Parks. Hawaii National Park. Wind Cave National Park. Hot Springs National Park. Yellowstone National Park. Lassen Volcanic National Park. Yosemite National Park. Mesa Verde National Park. Zion and Bryce Canyon National Mount McKinley National Park. Parks. REFERENCES ANNALS OF THE NEW YORK ACADEMY OF SCIENCES, Vol. XXXI, pp. 121-186. 1929. The Scenery of Mount Desert Island: Its Origin and Development. By Erwin J. Raisz. Obtainable at Information Bureau, Park Office, and Sieur de Monts Spring. Price 50 cents. BASCOM, F. The Geology of Mount Desert Island.2 Issued by the Joint Path Committee of the Village Improvement Society on the island. Revised and reprinted from the bulletin of the Geographical Society of Philadelphia, Vol. XVII, No. 4, October, 1919. Obtainable at Jordan Pond House, Seal Harbor. 35 cents. DOLE, NATHAN HASKELL, and GORDON, IRWIN LESLIE. Maine of the Sea and Pines. 1928. Chapter devoted to Acadia (Lafayette) National Park. DORR, GEORGE B. The Acadian Forest. Bar Harbor Publicity Office, 25 cents. JOHNSON, D. W. The New England-Acadian Shoreline. Published by Wiley & Sons, New York. 1925. Price $8.50. Biological Survey of the Mount Desert Island Region. Part I, Insecta. 1927. Information concerning distribution of this book may be had on application to William Proctor, Corfield Laboratory, Bar Harbor, Me. KANE, F. J. Picturesque America, Its Parks and Playgrounds. 52 pp., illus- trated, 1925. Published by Frederick Gumbrecht, Brooklyn, N. Y. Acadia (Lafayette) National Park on pp. 285-295. MOORE, BARRINGTON, and TAYLOR, NORMAN. Vegetation of Mount Desert Island, Maine and Its Environment.2 Brooklyn Botanic Garden Memoirs. Vol. III, 1927. May be purchased at Jordan Pond House, Seal Harbor. PEABODY, HAROLD, and GRANDGENT, CHARLES H. Walks on Mount Desert Island, Maine, 1928. Sherman Publishing Co., Bar Harbor, Me. On sale at Bar Harbor bookstores. Price 50 cents. RAISZ, ERWIN J. The Scenery of Mount Desert Island. See under "Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences." RAND, E. L., and REDFIELD, J. H. Flora of Mount Desert Island, Maine.2 Geo- logical introduction by Prof. William Morris Davis. This book is out of print but obtainable for reference. 2 May be seen for reference at the Jesup Memorial Library, Bar Harbor, Me. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 19 SHALER, N. S. Geology of Mount Desert Island.² Published in the Eighth Annual Report of the U. S. Geological Survey, pp. 993-1061. Out of print but available for reference. STREET, G. E. Mount Desert, A History.2 1905. Edited by Samuel A. Eliot. New edition revised by the editor, Houghton, Mifflin Co., 1926. WHERRY. Wild Flowers of Mount Desert Island, Maine. Published by the Garden Club of Mount Desert. 1928. May be purchased from bookstores and the office of the Bar Harbor Times. Price $2. WILBUR, RAY LYMAN, and Du PUY, WILLIAM ATHERTON. Conservation in the Department of the Interior. Chapter on national parks, pp. 96-112. Nu- merous illustrations, 253 pages. Government Printing Office, Washington, D. C. 1931. Price, $1. AUTHORIZED RATES FOR PUBLIC UTILITIES, SEASON OF 1932 All of the rates of the authorized public utilities for services with- in the park are approved by the Government. Employees of the restaurant and camp are not Government employees, and discour- teous treatment by them should be reported to the management. The National Park Service has no direct supervision over the rates or the service given outside the park. Rates are furnished for in- formation of the public. The sea-food restaurant and camping facilities within Acadia Na- tional Park are operated by the J. L. Stanley & Sons Co. AUTHORIZED RATES AT CAMPS Cabins furnished, including bedding, per person per day $1 Cabins furnished, including bedding, 2 persons in cabin, per week 12 Cabins furnished, including bedding, 4 persons in cabin, per week 20 The operator has installed at his own expense water, telephone, and sanitary facilities for motorists bringing their own equipment. A charge of 50 cents per person, per night, will be made for the use of these facilities. Service at the sea-food restaurant is a la carte at reasonable prices. ACCOMMODATIONS OUTSIDE THE PARK PRIVATE HOTELS The following hotels and boarding houses, adjacent to the park, offer accommodations for visitors. The National Park Service exer- cises no control over the rates and operations of these hotels. The rates given below are published for the information of the public, but the Service assumes no responsibility for their correctness. 2 May be seen for reference at the Jesup Memorial Library, Bar Harbor, Me. 20 ACADIA NATIONAL PARK BAR HARBOR Malvern Hotel, Kebo Street, C. A. Wescott, manager; 125 rooms, $8 per day, and up with luncheon and dinner; breakfast a la carte. Telephone 900. The Lorraine, Atlantic Avenue, S. Pocker, manager; 150 rooms, $8 per day, and up. Telephone 608. The Newport House, Main Street, T. P. Jones, manager; 150 rooms, $7 per day and up. Telephone 553. The St. Sauveur, Mount Desert Street, G. F. Alley, manager; 100 rooms, $6 per day and up. Telephone 24. The Belmont, Mount Desert Street, J. Alden Morse, manager; 60 rooms, $5 to $8 per day. Telephone 25. The Argall Inn, Mount Desert Street, F. O. Alley, jr., manager; 35 rooms, $5 per day and up. Telephone 97. (For special rate by week or longer apply direct to managers.) Miller Cottage, 79 Mount Desert Street; 18 rooms, $5 per day and up with or without private bath. Telephone 482. Parker Cottages, Mount Desert Street; 65 rooms, $6 per day and up with private bath. Breakfasts only. Telephone 493. Bass Cottage, No. 12, The Field; 12 rooms, $2 per day and up with or with- out private bath. Telephone 986. Kathleen Cottage, Main Street, near the Newport; 3 rooms, $5 to $12 per week; transient, $1.50 and $2; breakfast 75 cents and dinner $1.50. Telephone 581-J. Dow Cottage, 227 Main Street; 7 rooms, board and room $25 per week and up. Transient $1.50 and up; meals alone $2.50 per day, breakfast a la carte. Telephone 475. McKay Cottage, 243 Main Street; 35 rooms, with or without private bath, $1 to $2.50 per day. Telephone 390. Tripp Cottage, 25 Atlantic Avenue; 6 rooms, $2 and $3 per day. Telephone 743-M. Y. W. C. A., Mount Desert Street; 20 rooms, $1.25 and $1.50 per day, $6 per week and up; board $2 per day, $12 per week. Telephone 133. Central House, 60 Cottage Street; 20 rooms (double), $2 per day. Break- fasts $1. Telephone 4. Gray's Tavern, 122 Main Street; 12 rooms, board and room; transient $3.50 per day; meals only, $15 per week. Telephone 752. ROOMS ONLY No. 3 Albert Meadow, 7 rooms; transient $2 per day. Telephone 481-W. No. 8 Albert Meadow, 3 rooms; $6 and $7 per week; parlor $10. Telephone 142-J. No. 13 Albert Meadow, 6 rooms; apply for rates. Telephone 387. No. 18 Bridge Street (Sawyer Cottage), 2 rooms; apply. for rates. Telephone 362-R. No. 67 Cottage Street, 2 rooms; $4 and $6 per week. Telephone 810. No. 69 Cottage Street, 2 rooms; apply for rates. Telephone 416-M. No. 126 Cottage Street, 2 rooms; apply for rates. Telephone 243-R. No. 5 Federal Street, 1 room, porch connected; transient $1.50, apply for weekly rate. Telephone 468. No. 8 Federal Street, 3 rooms $6 and $8 per week; transient $1.50 and $2. Telephone 312-R. ACADIA NATIONAL PARK 21 No. 11 Federal Street, 3 rooms: $6 and up per week. No. 12 Greeley Avenue, 3 rooms; $5 and $7 per week. Telephone 346-R. No. 20 Greeley Avenue, 2 rooms; $7 per week. Telephone 172-W. No. 27 Greeley Avenue, 3 rooms; $4 to $6 per week. Telephone 271-R. No. 30 Greeley Avenue, 1 room; $5 per week; transient $1.50 or $2. Tele- phone 425-R. No. 26 Greeley Avenue, 2 rooms; $7 per week. Telephone 226. No. 47 Greeley Avenue, 3 rooms; $3 and up per week, transient. No. 50 Greeley Avenue, 4 rooms; $5 and $6 per week. Telephone 711-J, No. 2 Hamor Place, 2 rooms; $6 per week. No. 8 Hancock Street, 3 rooms; $5 to $7 per week. Telephone 113-M. Hancock Street, end of street, 1 double room : $7 per week. Telephone 850-R. No. 3 High Street, 1 room apply for rate. Telephone 349-J. No. 25 High Street, 2 double rooms; $7 per week, transient $1.50 and $2. Telephone 184-R. No. 39 Holland Avenue, 5 rooms; parlor, $2 and up per day; apply for weekly rates. Telephone 847. No. 50 Holland Avenue, (Leonard Cottage), 2 rooms; transient $1.50. Tele- phone 276-J. No. 12 Kennebec Street, 3 rooms; apply for rates. Telephone 536-M. No. 72 Ledgelawn Avenue, 5 rooms; $6 to $10 a week; parlor with piano. Telephone 916-W. Locust Lane, 7 rooms; $1 a day per person; also a 5-room flat. Apply for weekly rates. No. 92 Main Street, 2 rooms; $5 and $7 per week. Telephone 726-J. No. 130 Main Street, 9 rooms; transient $1.50 and $2; $7 and up per week. Telephone 622. No. 216 Main Street, 4 rooms transient $2.50 and $3. Telephone 315-J. No. 319 Main Street, 17 rooms, with or without meals; apply for rates. Telephone 77. No. 20 Mount Desert Street, 6 rooms; $10 and $12 per week, transient $2 and $3. Telephone 366-W. No. 11 Newton Way, 4 rooms; $5 to $10 per week. Telephone 179-R. No. 16 Newton Way, 3 rooms; $5 and $8 per week, transient $1.50 and $2. Telephone 595. No. 14 School Street, 2 rooms transient $1.50 to $3; apply for weekly rates. Telephone 437-M. No. 91 West Street, 16 rooms; $3 to $8 per week, transient $1.50. Telephone 689. RESTAURANTS (50 cents and up per meal) Murch's, 12 Main Street, shore dinners. Telephone 614. Joy's, 56 Main Street, shore dinners. Telephone 8606. Lafayette Café, 47 Main Street, shore dinners. Mary Jane Café, Main Street near Village Green; open 5.30 a. m. to 3 a. m. Meals at all hours. Mrs. Worcester's Dining Hall, 21 Mount Desert Street. Telephone 697-W. Little Studio Tea Room, 38 Eden Street; luncheons and dinners, late suppers. Telephone 590. Al-Ed-Ha Coffee Shop, 21 Mount Desert Street; breakfast and light lunches, delicatessen. Telephone 290. THE NATIONAL PARKS AT A GLANCE [Number, 22; total area, 12,759.40 square miles] Area in Name of park Location square Distinctive characteristics miles Acadia Maine coast 18.06 The group of granite mountains upon Mount 1919 Desert Island and also bold point on opposite mainland across Frenchmans Bay-Formerly called the Lafayette National Park. Bryce Canyon Southwestern Utah. 55.06 Box canyons filled with countless array of fantas- 1928 tically eroded pinnacles-Best exhibit of vivid coloring of earth's materials. Carlsbad Caverns Southwestern New 1.12 Beautifully decorated limestone caverns, believed 1930 Mexico. to be largest yet discovered. Crater Lake Southwestern Ore- 249 Lake of extraordinary blue in crater of extinct 1902 gon. volcano-Sides 1,000 feet high-Interesting lava formations-Fine fishing. General Grant Middle eastern Cali- 4 Created to preserve the celebrated General Grant 1890 fornia. Tree, and grove of Big Trees. Glacier Northwestern Mon- 1,533.87 Rugged mountain region of unsurpassed alpine 1910 tana. character-250 glacier-fed lakes of romantic beauty-60 small glaciers-Precipices thou- sands of feet deep-World-famous scenery of marked individuality-Fine trout fishing. Grand Canyon North central Ari- 1,009 The greatest example of erosion and the most 1919 zona. sublime spectacle in the world. Grand Teton Northwestern Wyo- 150 Includes most spectacular portion of Teton 1929 ming. Mountains, and uplift of unusual grandeur. Great Smoky Moun- North Carolina- 465.18 This area is not to be developed as a national tains. Tennessee. park until at least 427,000 acres have been 1930 donated to the United States, as specified in the organic act. Meanwhile the park area of 297,719.7 acres already in Federal ownership is being protected by the National Park Service. Hawaii Hawaii 245 Interesting volcanic areas-Kilaueal and Mauna 1916 Loa, active volcanoes on the island of Hawaii; Haleakala, a huge extinct volcano on the island of Maui. Hot Springs Middle Arkansas 1.50 47 hot springs said to possess healing properties- 1921 Many hotels and boarding houses-19 bath- houses under Government supervision. Re- served by Congress in 1832 as the Hot Springs Reservation to prevent exploitation of hot waters. Lassen Volcanic Northern California. 163.32 Only recently active volcano in United States 1916 proper-Lassen Peak, 10,453 feet-Cinder cone, 6,913 feet-Hot springs-Mud geysers. Mesa Verde Southwestern Colo- 80.11 Most notable and best preserved prehistoric cliff 1906 rado. dwellings in United States, if not in the world. Mount McKinley South central Alaska_ 2,645 Highest mountain in North America-Rises 1917 higher above surrounding country than any other mountain in the world. Mount Rainer West central Wash- 377.78 Largest accessible single peak glacier system; 28 1899 ington. glaciers, some of large size; 48 square miles of glacier, 50 to 500 feet hick-Wonderful subal- pine wild-flower fields. Platt Southern Oklahoma. 1.30 Sulphur and other springs said to possess healing 1902 properties. Rocky Mountain North middle Colo- 400.52 Heart of the Rockies-Snowy range, peaks 11,000 1915 rado. to 14,255 feet altitude-Remarkable records of glacial period. Sequoia Middle eastern Cali- 604 The Big Tree National Park-Scores of sequoias 1890 fornia. 20 to 30 feet in diameter, thousands over 10 feet in diameter, General Sherman Tree, 36.5 feet in diameter and 272.4 feet high-Towering mountain ranges-Startling precipices-Mount Whitney and Kern River Canyon. Wind Cave South Dakota 18.89 Cavern having several miles of galleries and 1903 numerous chambers containing peculiar forma- tions. Yellowstone Northwestern Wyo- 3,426 More geysers than in all rest of world together- 1872 ming, southwest- Boiling springs-Mud volcanoes-Petrified. for- ern Montana, ests-Grand Canyon of the Yellowstone, re- and northeastern markable for gorgeous coloring-Large lakes- Idaho. Many large streams and waterfalls-Vast wil- derness, one of the greatest wild bird and ani- mal preserves in the world-Exceptional trout fishing. Yosemite Middle east Cali- ,162.43 Valley of world-famed beauty-Lofty cliffs- 1890 fornia. Romantic vistas-Many waterfalls of extraor- dinary height-3 groves of Big Trees-High Sierra-Waterwheel Falls-Good trout fishing. Zion Southwestern Utah. 148.26 Magnificent gorge (Zion Canyon), depth from 1919 1,500 to 2,500 feet, with precipitous walls-Of great beauty and scenic interest. 24