Marshall, Robert B. 1867-1949 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Robert "Bob" Marshall (January 2, 1901 - November 11, 1939) was an American forester, writer and wilderness activist. Robert Bob Marshall The son of Louis Marshall, a wealthy constitutional lawyer and conservationist, and his wife, Bob Marshall developed a love for the outdoors as a young child. A consummate hiker and climber, he visited the Adirondack Mountains frequently during his youth, ultimately becoming one of the first Adirondack Forty- Sixers. He also traveled to the Alaskan wilderness and wrote numerous articles and books, including the bestselling 1933 book Arctic Village. A scientist with a Doctor of Philosophy in plant physiology, Marshall became independently wealthy after the death of his father. He held two significant public appointed posts: chief of forestry in the Bureau of Indian Affairs, from 1933 to 1937, and head of recreation management in the Forest Service, from 1937 Born January 2, 1901 to 1939, during the administration of President Franklin D. New York City Roosevelt. Died November 11, 1939 (aged 38) New York City Defining wilderness as a social as well as an environmental ideal, Marshall promoted organization of a national group Cause of heart failure dedicated to the preservation of primeval land. [1] In 1935, he death was one of the principal founders of The Wilderness Society and Occupation Forester personally provided most of the Society's funding in its first Employer Bureau of Indian Affairs; years. He also supported socialism and civil liberties throughout United States Forest Service his life. [2] Known for Founder, The Wilderness Society Marshall died of heart failure at the age of 38. Twenty-five years Notable work Arctic Village (1933) later, partly as a result of his efforts, The Wilderness Society fostered the Wilderness Act, which legally defined the Parent(s) Louis Marshall, wilderness of the United States and protected some nine million Florence Lowenstein Marshall acres (36,000 km2) of federal land. Today, Marshall is Relatives George Marshall, James Marshall, considered largely responsible for the wilderness preservation Ruth (Putey) Marshall movement. Several landmarks and areas, including The Bob Marshall Wilderness in Montana and Mount Marshall in the Adirondacks, have been named in his honor. Contents 1 Early life and education 2 Schooling and early exploring 3 Forest Service and Alaska 4 Writing and conservation 5 The Wilderness Society 6 Later efforts and sudden death https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist 1/11 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia 7 Legacy 7.1 Places and dedications 8 Selected list of works 9 References 9.1 Notes 9.2 Bibliography 10 Further reading 11 Related films 12 External links Early life and education Born in New York City, Bob Marshall was the third of four children of Louis Marshall (1856-1929) and Florence (née Lowenstein) Marshall (1873-1916). [3] His father, the son of a Jewish immigrant from Bavaria, was a noted constitutional lawyer and a champion of minority rights. [4] The family moved to Syracuse, New York, where Louis Marshall was active in the Jewish community, and co-founder of the American Jewish Committee. [5] In 1891, he was part of a national delegation that sought federal intervention on behalf of persecuted Russian Jews. [6] An amateur naturalist and active conservationist, the elder Marshall was instrumental in securing "forever wild" protection for the Adirondack and Catskill Forest Preserves in New York State. He helped found the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University, now SUNY-ESF. Florence Marshall, meanwhile, devoted herself to her family, the education of young Jewish women, and the work of several Jewish welfare organizations. [7] Bob Marshall attended Felix Adler's private Ethical Culture School in New York City until 1919. The school nurtured independent thinking and commitment to social justice. [8] Marshall became involved in nature from a young age; two of his childhood heroes were Meriwether Lewis and William Clark. [9] His family took him to the Adirondack Mountains when he was six months old; they returned every summer for the next 25 years. After that, Marshall returned often on his own. [10] His younger brother George later described the family's visits to Knollwood, their summer camp on Lower Saranac Lake in the Adirondack State Park, as a time when they "entered a world of freedom and informality, of living plants and spaces, of fresh greens and exhilarating blues, of giant, slender pines and delicate pink twinflowers, of deer and mosquitoes, of fishing and guide boats and tramps through the woods" [10] Schooling and early exploring Marshall was drawn to the outdoors. He discovered his passion for exploring, charting, and a love of climbing mountains, in part through the writings of Verplanck Colvin, who during the post-Civil War decade surveyed the woods of northern New York. [11] Throughout his life, Marshall kept a series of hiking notebooks, which he illustrated with photographs and filled with statistics. In 1915, Marshall climbed his first Adirondack peak, the 3,352-foot (1,022 : m) Ampersand Mountain, alongside his brother George and family friend Herb Clark, a Saranac Lake guide. [12] Through Clark, who accompanied them on most of their longer trips during adolescence and early adulthood, the two brothers learned the arts of woodcraft and boating. [10] By 1921, they became the first climbers to scale all 42 Adirondack Mountains believed to exceed 4,000 feet (1,200 m), some of which had never been climbed. [13] In 1924, the three became the first Adirondack Forty-Sixers, hikers who have climbed to the summits of all 46 High Peaks of the Adirondacks. [14] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist) 2/11 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia After graduating from the Ethical Culture School, Marshall spent a year at Columbia University. In 1920, he transferred to the New York State College of Forestry at Syracuse University. Marshall had decided in his teens that he wanted to be a forester, writing then about his love of "the woods and solitude;" he wrote that he "should hate to spend the greater part of my lifetime in a stuffy office or in a crowded city" [15] For a while he was unhappy and withdrawn at Syracuse. [16] But, he succeeded academically and was known for his individuality. As one classmate put it, Marshall was "always doing something no one else would ever think of doing. He was constantly rating things-the Adirondack peaks, his best Whiteface Mountain, the fifth-highest days with George, and dozens of others."[17] Marshall became a member of mountain in New York and the first Alpha Xi Sigma, the forestry college's honor society. He ran on the High Peak that Bob Marshall climbed Syracuse University freshman track team and participated in both junior in 1918 varsity lacrosse and cross country running. [18] Halfway through school, Marshall had become a class leader; he was elected as class secretary and appointed an associate editor of the Empire Forester, the College's yearbook. During the early 1920s, Marshall grew interested in promoting Adirondack recreation. In 1922, he became one of the charter members of the Adirondack Mountain Club (ADK), an organization devoted to the building and maintenance of trails and the teaching of hiking in the park. [19] In 1922, he prepared a 38-page guidebook, entitled The High Peaks of the Adirondacks. Based on his pioneering experiences on the peaks, 20 the guide recommends that "it's a great thing these days to leave civilization for a while and return to nature. "[21] Based on his own climbing experience, Marshall provided a brief description of each peak and arranged them in order of "niceness of view and all around pleasure in view and climb" [22] In 1924, Marshall graduated with a Bachelor of "In the early morning when the first faint light Science degree in forestry, magna cum laude, [24] Cuts the murky blackness of the cool calm night, While the gloomy forest, dismal, dark, and wild, finishing 4th of 59 at the College of Forestry. [12] The Seems to slowly soften and become more mild, senior yearbook described him as "the Champion Pond Hound of all time, a lad with a mania for When the mists hang heavy, where the streams flow by statistics and shinnying mountain peaks, the boy who And reflects the rose-tints in the eastern sky, When the brook trout leaps and the deer drinks slow, will go five miles [8 km] around to find something to While the distant mountains blend in one soft glow, wade thru. And the man who is rear chainman for Bob will have to hump or get wet, and probably 'Tis the precious moment, given once a day, both. "[25] By 1925, he earned a Master's degree in When the present fades to the far-away, When the busy this-time for a moment's gone, forestry from Harvard University. [26] And the Earth turns backward into Nature's dawn." Forest Service and Alaska Bob Marshall, Empire Forester (1923), yearbook of the New York State College of Forestry, p. 82 23] Marshall started work in 1925 with the Forest Service, where he worked until 1928. [27] Hoping to go to Alaska, he was assigned to the Northern Rocky Mountain Experiment Station at Missoula, Montana, in 1925. [28][29] Marshall's research at the Experimental Station focused on the dynamics of forest regeneration after fires. He had to fight a widespread fire after a July storm started more than 150 fires in Idaho's Kaniksu National Forest. [30] He was put in charge of supporting and provisioning one of the crews led by the Forest Service. [31] As he later recalled, Marshall worked "18 to 20 hours a day as time-keeper, Chief of Commissary, Camp Boss, and Inspector of the fire line" [30] Spending time with loggers and fire fighters, and seeing the conditions under which they https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist 3/11 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia worked, Marshall learned vital lessons about labor issues and natural resource use. [32] At the Experimental Station Marshall became interested in the unsafe conditions for many working Americans. He began to develop liberal and socialist philosophies. [33] In 1929, Marshall was 28 years old and less than a year away from completing a PhD in plant pathology at Johns Hopkins University in Baltimore, Maryland, when he made his first trip to Alaska, visiting the upper Koyukuk River and the central Brooks Range. [13] The scientific objective of the trip was to study tree growth at the northern timberline near the Arctic Divide. [34] For his 15-month sojourn in the small town of Wiseman, Alaska, Marshall rented a one-room cabin next to the only roadhouse in the village and furnished it with books, records, a phonograph player, and a writing desk. [35] He placed the desk SO that he could sit by the cabin's single window and admire the view of the Koyukuk River and the range of steep, snow- covered mountains in the background. His travels engendered in him a great love for the central Brooks Range in the Alaskan wilderness. Marshall was one of the first to explore much of the range, especially the headwaters of the North fork of the Koyukuk River, where he bestowed the name "Gates of the Arctic" on a pair of mountains. On September 11, 1929, Marshall's father Louis died in Zürich, Mount Doonerak, one of the Switzerland at the age of 73. Because their mother had died of cancer in 1916, the highest mountains in the four children inherited most of their father's estate, worth several million dollars. Alaskan Brooks Range Although he became financially independent, Bob Marshall continued to work throughout his life. [36] Marshall received his PhD in 1930, under the supervision of Dr. Burton E. Livingston at the Johns Hopkins Laboratory of Plant Physiology [37][38] Marshall's doctoral dissertation was titled "An Experimental Study of the Water Relations of Seedling Conifers with Special Reference to Wilting" [39] In February 1930, his essay "The Problem of the Wilderness" was published; a celebrated defense of wilderness preservation, the essay expanded themes developed in his earlier article, "The Wilderness as a Minority Right" [40] Though rejected by four other magazines before it was published in The Scientific Monthly, the essay has become one of Marshall's most important works. He argued that wilderness was worth saving not only because of its unique aesthetic qualities, but because of its ability to provide visitors with a chance for adventure. [41] Marshall went on to state: "There is just one hope of repulsing the tyrannical ambition of civilization to conquer every niche on the whole earth. That hope is the organization of spirited people who will fight for the freedom of the wilderness. "[42] The article became a much-quoted call to action and is today considered seminal by wilderness historians. [43] In July 1930, Marshall and his brother George climbed nine Adirondack High Peaks in one day, setting a new record. [44] In August, Marshall returned to Alaska. He planned to explore the Brooks Range to pursue more tree research, and he also wanted to make a study of Arctic frontier civilization in Wiseman. [45] He called the village, which was 200 miles north of Fairbanks, "the happiest civilization of which I have knowledge. "[46] Befriending a number of the area's inhabitants, he meticulously recorded thousands of hours of conversation with them. He persuaded a number of villagers, most of whom were single males, to take intelligence tests, and even developed statistics on all aspects of the villagers' lives, from their financial resources to their diets to their sexual habits. [35] He spent 12-1/2 months-from late August 1930 to early September 1931-exploring and collecting data. The book that resulted from these excursions (and his previous trip to Alaska) was 1933's best-selling Literary Guild selection, Arctic Village. Marshall shared the royalties from the book, a sociological study of life in the wilderness, with the residents of Wiseman. [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist) 4/11 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia Writing and conservation Marshall returned to the east coast in late September 1931. Although he busied himself with writing Arctic Village, he also wrote prolifically on other topics and published several articles about American forestry. [47] In particular, he had concerns that few articles during this time addressed the issue of deforestation, and he went SO far as to write a letter to the president of the American Forestry Association, George D. Pratt, on the matter. He also pursued a variety of other activities: he accepted an invitation to serve on a committee to dedicate a memorial (Louis Marshall Memorial Hall) to his father at the forestry college in Syracuse, and delivered speeches about his travels and wilderness preservation. [48] Marshall in camping Shortly after his return, he was asked by Earle Clapp, head of the Forest Service's gear Branch of Research, to help initiate badly needed reforms in the forest-products industry and to create a broader vision of national forest management. [49] Marshall moved to Washington, D.C. in September 1932 to assume the position, which entailed writing initiatives for forest recreation, and immediately began compiling a list of the remaining roadless areas in the United States. [50] He sent this data to regional foresters, urging them to set aside areas for wilderness; all of them responded negatively. Marshall's input into what became known as the Copeland Report amounted to three extensive chapters of a two volume, 1,677-page work. He considered it "the best piece of forestry work I have yet done". [51] Marshall had clearly defined himself as a socialist by 1932-1933. He told a correspondent: "I wish very sincerely that Socialism would be put into effect right away and the profit system eliminated. ,[52] He became active in the Tenants Unemployed League of the District of Columbia, a group that helped unemployed people with housing problems; later he joined the fight against federal aid cuts to scientific research. Learning of the American Civil Liberties Union from his father, he served as chairman of the Washington branch. Marshall was even arrested briefly for participating in a March 1933 United Front demonstration. [53] He did not forget his conservation causes, however, and soon pondered the question of wilderness and national parks. In the early 1930s, he joined the National Parks Association, eventually becoming a member of its board. [54] In August 1933, Marshall was appointed director of the Forestry Division of the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), a position he held for four years. [55] He besieged government personnel with letters, telephone calls, and personal visits in the cause of wilderness, rapidly gaining recognition in Washington as a champion of preservation. [56] One of his last initiatives as chief forester of the BIA was to recommend 4,800,000 acres (19,425 km2) of Indian lands for management as either "roadless" or "wild" areas; the order, which created 16 wilderness areas, received approval shortly after Marshall left office to join the Forest Service once more. [55] Marshall became increasingly concerned with civilization's encroachment upon the wild lands, writing: "The sounds of the forest are entirely obliterated by the roar of the motor. The smell of pine needles and flowers and herbs and freshly turned dirt and all the other delicate odors of the forest are drowned in the stench of gasoline. The feeling of wind blowing in the face and of soft ground under foot are all lost. [57] The Wilderness Society In 1934, Marshall visited Knoxville, Tennessee and met with Benton MacKaye, a regional planner and originator of the Appalachian Trail. Together with Harvey Broome, a Knoxville lawyer, they discussed Marshall's 1930 proposal for an organization dedicated to wilderness preservation. [58] Bernard Frank, a fellow forester, joined them later in the year; the men mailed an "Invitation to Help Organize a Group to Preserve the American Wilderness" to like-minded individuals. The invitation expressed their desire "to integrate the growing sentiment which we https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist) 5/11 10/12/2016 Bob Marshall (wilderness activist) - Wikipedia believe exists in this country for holding wild areas sound-proof as well as sight-proof from our increasingly mechanized life" and their conviction that such wildernesses were "a serious human need rather than a luxury and plaything" [59] On January 21, 1935, the organizing committee published a folder stating that "for the purpose of fighting off invasion of the wilderness and of stimulating an appreciation of its multiform emotional, intellectual, and scientific values, we are forming an organization to be known as the WILDERNESS SOCIETY". [59] They invited Aldo Leopold to act as the Society's first president, but the position ultimately went to Robert Sterling Yard. Four founders of The Wilderness Society: Bernard Frank, Marshall provided the bulk of the Society's funding in Harvey Broome, Bob Marshall, and Benton MacKaye. its early years, beginning with an anonymous donation Picture taken in the Smokies on January 26, 1936 of $1,000. [59] His brother George was also deeply involved in the Society. T. H. Watkins, former editor of the society's magazine, Wilderness, contended that before Marshall and the Society there was "no true movement" for the preservation of the nation's roadless and primitive areas. "One could comfortably argue", Watkins wrote in 1985 on the occasion of the society's 50th anniversary, "that Robert Marshall was personally responsible for the preservation of more wilderness than any individual in history" [41] Later efforts and sudden death Marshall's last years were productive ones. By May 1937, he had taken charge of the Forest Service's Division of Recreation and Lands. Over the next two years, Marshall worked on two major initiatives: an effort to extend national forest recreational opportunities to people with lower RUBERT MARSHALL incomes (as well as dismantling discriminatory barriers against minority BORN JAN 2.1901 groups), and a program to preserve more wilderness within the national DIED NOV. II 1939 forests. [60] His biographer James Glover asserts that Marshall was probably the first high-level official to seriously fight discrimination in Forest Service recreational policies. [61] During this time, Marshall continued to Bob Marshall's footstone financially support The Wilderness Society, as well as various civil rights, labor, and socialist organizations. [62] During his last trip to Alaska (beginning in August 1938), which included further exploration of the Brooks Range, Marshall became a subject of interest for the Dies Committee, a House of Representatives committee investigating "un-American" activities. [63] Named for its chairman, Martin Dies, the committee announced in The New York Times that eight federal officials (including Marshall) were contributing to communism because of their connections to such organizations as the Workers Alliance and the American League for Peace and Democracy.l64 Marshall was too busy traveling to respond to the allegations: after leaving Alaska he spent time in Washington State, Montana, Oregon, Nevada, Utah, Arizona, New Mexico and California. [65] He visited Alaska for one last time the following year and made a tour of western national forests, addressing aspects of forest recreation. [66] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob_Marshall_(wilderness_activist) 6/11 Guide to the Robert Bradford Marshall papers, 1898-1949 Page 1 of 1 Guide to the Robert Bradford Marshall papers, 1898-1949 O C Brought to you by the Online Archive of California (OAC), Cal. an initiative of the California Digital Library 1 of did http://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf5n39n82d Collection Summary acc.to Collection Title: Spe appear. Robert Bradford Marshall Papers, 1898-1949 down EPP Collection Number: BANC MSS C-B 511 dad Creator: 2 Marshall, Robert Bradford, 1867-1949 Extent: Number of containers: 23 boxes, 4 scrapbooks, 1 portfolio, 1 volume Linear feet: 12 Repository: The Bancroft Library. See Paul wild S. Sutter sch.6, Berkeley, California 94720-6000 Dreven Physical Location: For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the Library's online catalog. Abstract: Correspondence, notes, manuscripts of his writings, speeches, memoranda, clippings and scrapbooks, mainly relating to the Marshall Plan for water development, conservation, Hetch- Hetchy, roads, Yosemite National Park and other parks. Family correspondence and personal papers also included. Languages Represented: English htp://www.oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf5n39n82d 9/20/2005 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page 1 of 2 OC LC FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV Libraries that Own Item This screen shows libraries that own the item you selected. Resource Staff View My Account Options Home Databases Searching Results Sharing Comments Exit Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 1 WorldCat E-mail Print Return Help Title: Assorted views from the Robert Bradford Marshall papers Author: Marshall, Robert Bradford Libraries with Item: "Assorted views from the R..."( Record for Item I Get This Item ) Location Library Code CA UNIV OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY CUY Record for Item: "Assorted views from the R..."( Libraries with Item ) GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 1 THE Connect to Southern New Hampshire University Library FIND RELATED More Like This: Search for versions with same title and author Advanced options Find Items About: Marshall, Robert Bradford, (max: 3) Title: Assorted views from the Robert Bradford Marshall papers Author(s): Marshall, Robert Bradford, 1867-1949. ; Marshall, Robert Bradford, 1867- 1949. ; Robert Bradford Marshall papers. Year: 1900-1949 Description: 246 photographic prints :; b&w ;; various sizes. Language: English Abstract: Photographs which show scenes outside of California include views of Zion Canyon (Utah), Mt. Assiniboine (Canadian Rocky mountains) , Sugarload mountain (British Columbia), the delta of Cameron (oil) creek (Alberta), etc. California views which focus on parks show maps and document trips in Yosemite and Sequoia National Parks. Many photos show wilderness areas, presumably in California. Many views relate to the California State Highway system, including photos of bridges, highways, snapshots of scenes along the highways (accompanied by note "used by Mrs. Lawton in her survey of Calif. Roadsides"), and other structures. Includes photos of surveyors with equipment. SUBJECT(S) Descriptor: Wilderness areas ww West (U.S.) -- Photographs. Bridges -- California -- Photographs. Roads -- California -- Photographs. Surveying -- California -- Photographs. Wilderness areas - Canada -- Photographs. http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:entityholdingsortpage=normal:hol.. 9/20/2005 PRODUCED TIME NATIONAL ARCHIVES 3.13.02 Archuies II 1699, UPS, Cental Class files 1933-1949. Acade-a Box 797 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR C.t. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE Acadia National Park 1916 OCT 0-1939 Bar Harbor, Maine October 6, 1939. Miss Isabelle F. Story, Editor-in-Chief, National Park Service, Washington, D. C. Dear Miss Story: I write to thank you for your kind letter of July 3th commenting on the manuscript Miss Oakes Acke took on to you to read. I would have answered it long since but Miss Oakes' illness and the oper- ation it made necessary, from which she is only now beginning to recover, has made letter-writing, together with much else, difficult for me these last months. Your letter, which I have just had read over to me afresh, raises certain questions I will take up in order and reply to while they are fresh in my mind, and leads me also to ask a few questions on matters that it brings up: I. "When I started park work Colonel Robert Eradford Marshall was the general superintendent of national parks and I think you worked through him largely in preparing for the Sieur de Monts proclamation. " I remember Mr. Marshall well and pleasantly but he had not appeared upon the scene when the proclamation creating the Sieur de Monts National Monument was drawn and signed -- on July 8, 1916. smin With that proclamation and the work that led to it, I associate, officially, only Mr. Frank Bond who Nork drew it up for me, from material which I supplied, for Secretary Lane to sign and send on to the good (No President for his signature. Miss Story. Page 2. At that time Mr. Mather was an assistant secre- mother's not tary to the Secretary of the Interior, his work in- cluding charities and other matters as well as Parks, allugi of 5mm and I saw little of him; he tool no part then, or at any time, in respect to the creation of the Sieur de Monts National Monument, nor as a matter of fact aid Mr. Albright or Joe Cotter, who took a friendly in- terest in it only after I talked with them of my hopes and plans. Mr. Marshall I do not recall meeting at all till I came on to Washington again after the Nation- al Park Service had taken shape and he was acting head of it, when our intercourse was friendly and most pleasant. It was during this second visit that I invited Secretary Lane and Mrs. Lane to come on and stay with me at Bar Harbor the follow- ing summer. This they declined because of work the Secretary had on hand, but later changed their minds, sour Secretary Lane needing much the rest. When they did Mathewale come, Mrs. Lane told me of the trouble that had developed between Mr. Mather and Mr. Marshall, who and relations had drawn up a report for the first year of the National Park Service at which Mr. Mather, then still assistant secretary to the Secretary of the Interior, had been much displeased, wishing to keep control in his own hands, while Mr. Marshall understood himself to be in a similar position in regard to the new Service as Dr. Walcott, of the Smithsonian, had earlier been of the Geological Survey, whence Mr. Marshall had been taken for his National Park Service position, and as such making his own reports, subject only to review by his superior officers in regard to policy. Telling me of this when they came on to stay, Mrs. Lane spoke of the important need to save efforts to NPS the Secretary all needless work and worry and said that Mr. Mather would have either to take the posi- role tion of Director of the Service himself, giving up the position of assistant secretary he then held, or keep the latter and let Mr. Marshall run the Service. This had happened when I returned to Washington the next December; Mr. Marshall had then returned to his former position as Chief Geographer in the Geological Survey and Mr. Mather had broken down, owing, as I understood, to Miss Story. Page 3. the drain upon his none too stable health caused by the Marshall matter, while Mr. Albright, who had now taken a position in the Service, carried on his work for him, visiting him at his home from time to time. Mr. Mather was absent from Washington at that time for nearly a year, as I recall it. 2. "I wonder if your second paragraph on page 32 would give the impression Mr. Albright had been with the service only a short time. As a matter of fact he served just a little less than 20 years. I have read over carefully what I say of Mr. Albright's work with the National Park Service, for a time as Associate Director at Washington and then as Field Director and Superintendent of the Yellowstone National Park before returning to Washington to become, following Mr. Mather's final illness and ultimate death, Director of the Service in his place. It was this latter service only which I speak of as brief. 3. "Beginning on page 28 and on various pages Frank through page 35 you mention Frank Bond as Secretary Bond of the Public Lands Commission or speak of the work of the Public Lands Commission in helping with the project. I wonder if you aren't referring to the General Land Office rather than the Public Lands Commission? Frank Bond was Chief Clerk of the General Land Office in 1914 and for some time thereafter. According to Land Office people he was not connected with any Public Lands Commission. Of course the Commissioner of the General Land Office is sometimes referred to as a Public Lands Commissioner and that may have given the wrong impression." Miss Story. Page 4. I am glad to get your correction of my state- ment regarding Mr. Bond and the General Land Office. Just what Commission he was acting for, I never knew quite clearly; there was no need. I never appeared before it myself and Mr. Bond referred to it always, as I remember well, as either the Committee or Com- mission he was secretary to and I asked no further. 4. On page 33 you speak of Yellowstone, Yosemite, II Rainier and Glacier being the only national parks ac- tively functioning when you came to Washington in 1914. Sequoia, General Grant, Crater Lake and Mesa Verde also were among the prominent parks then, and of course there were several unimportant ones like Wind Cave, Platt, and Sullys Hill. In all there were 12 areas listed as national parks (the Casa Grande Ruin then was a national park. ) Rocky Mountain National Park was established in 1915." Here I am simply stating what I recall hearing spoken of on my visits to Washington as actively 1904 GBD isstt General functioning National Parks. I guard myself against any statement that there were no others. Sequoia and General Grant I had visited in 1904, ten years previously, and there was then nothing but a local Seguria Geast / Parks camp to which the people from the valley below came up for refreshment in the heat of the summer. The two were practically one, separated only by a few miles of trail. Of Crater Lake and Mesa Verde_I heard but little at that time save as interesting geological exhibits. 5. On pages 63 to 71 you tell of the events in connection with the establishment of the national park and bring in mention of the World Mar. I notice, however, you do not mention that the park when established was called Lafayette National Park as recognition of our friendship with France and do not mention the change of name to Acadia which came about in 1929. Perhaps you plan to bring this in later in your manuscript." 0 Miss Story. Page 5. manut N.P. The change of name from my first choice of Mount Desert National Park to Lafayette, and n later, with Representative Cramton's help, to Acadia, is a story in itself which I thought first would best be told independently, not to inter- rupt the tale of the Park itself in its creation. 6. "Getting away from history, I notice on page 25 the statement 'He (Theodore Roosevelt and I had gone out camping for ten days together in the Great Smoky Mountains, before the chestnut blight had desolated their age-long beauty I wonder if you do not want to change or modify the word 'desolated' as now, despite the chestnut blight, the beauty of the Smokies is outstanding. I was there last summer and the summer before and the vegetation is really lush. You know how quickly scars are covered in that land of near rain-forests. when? Mts. Perhaps the words 'temporarily dulled' instead of /desolated' would cover it If Comping Grind Trep Gifford Pinchot, not Theodore Roosevelt. With regard to what I say, in speaking of the camping trip I made with Gifford Pinchot and George Pinshit Vanderbilt, I see your point and think it good. In speaking of the Great Smoky Forest as desolated in its beauty by the chestnut blight, I intended only to bring out the terrible misfortune that had be- fallen these forests above others in the loss of its chestnut trees, a tragedy shared as it was with the whole range of the deciduous Appalachian Forest northward to Massachusetts and beyond. I did not mean to speak of them as robbed of their beauty, for that they could not be by the loss of any single element in the great beauty that is their own. 7. "On page 29, line 3, of the second para- graph, you infer that the Monuments Act referred only to undistributed Government lands in the West. I would suggest that 'in the West' be omitted, since the Act did not specify any particular portion of the country and was used without modification as a vehicle by which the Sievr de Monts National Monu- ment was established. 1 Miss Story. Page 6. I did not mean to give the impression that the Monuments Act related in its nature to any specific portion of the country but, rather, to tell something of its history and the motives which led Theodore Roosevelt in 1906 to obtain its passage by Congress. There were still vast tracts of wild land in the west held by the Government and scientists, in one field and another, had pointed out to him the opportunity that existed of preserving as permanent public exhibits some of the most outstanding of them. Its application to our situation was, as I say, brought to my attention by Dr. T. S. Palmer of the Biological Survey who came over to meet me and Dr. Forbush, the Massachusetts State Orni- thologist, who accompanied me on that trip to Washington, and pointed out the difficulty there would be in getting it through Congress singly in the first instance as a national park. Thank you again for your helpful interest in my story, and your suggestions and comment on it, which are just what I want. Sincerely yours, GBD/S Goog B