the Edward Evecall (822-1909 the 1/30/2015 Vita: Edward Everett Hale HARVARD MAGAZINE Published on Harvard Magazine (http://harvardmagazine.com) Home > Vita: Edward Everett Hale Vita: Edward Everett Hale HUP Hale, E.E. 1a, Harvard University ArchivesA cabinet card portrait of Hale, circa 1870 Print [2] I PDF [3] I Reprints [4] by Jeffrey Mifflin January-February - 2015 [5] http://harvardmagazine.com/print/47357?page=all 1/4 1/30/2015 Vita: Edward Everett Hale Email Like 0 Tweet 0 g+1 0 Keywords Harvard history [6] Brief life of writer-reformer Edward Everett Hale, by Jeffrey Mifflin Edward Everett Hale Brief life of a science-minded writer and reformer: 1822-1909 Vita Brief life of a science-minded writer and reformer: 1822-1909 Jeffrey Mifflin January-February 2015 [5] 430 54 Gallery View JF 15 555_01.jpg [7] JF15 p55_02.jpc [8] Harvard witnessed a wave of enthusiasm for photography in the spring of 1839, inspired by the restlessly inquiring mind of senior Edward Everett Hale. That January, in France and England, Louis Daguerre and William Henry Fox Talbot had announced their independently discovered means of preserving the images visible in a camera obscura. Daguerre withheld important details until granted a government pension, but Talbot, eager to bolster his claim to have invented photography, described his materials and methods fully. Instructions soon crossed the Atlantic in his privately printed pamphlet and in scientific journals, prompting undergraduates to "photogenise" with scraps of smooth-surfaced writing paper brushed with nitrate of silver. The "photogenic drawing" Ned Hale successfully produced that spring, now lost, is considered the first photograph made in America. Hale matriculated at 13. Encouraged early to make things, he had built model train engines, set up a printing press (his father owned and edited the influential Boston Daily Advertiser), and tried simple experiments in chemistry and botany. Bursting with energy, he deplored the paucity of lessons based on observation and hands-on experimentation at Harvard. His lively memoir, A New England Boyhood, tells of dispelling boredom by reading novels and joining scientific clubs; he and friends founded both the "Octagon Club" for astronomical observations and a Natural History Society. (The College made them pay for the construction of exhibit cases.) He and his friend Samuel Longfellow commenced playing with Talbot's process as soon as the details were available. Their first successful picture dates from March 1839 or soon thereafter. In the 1890s, Hale recalled that he "took from my window in Massachusetts Hall a picture of the college library-Harvard Hall-opposite me [with] a little camera made for http://harvardmagazine.com/print/47357?page=all 2/4 1/30/2015 Vita: Edward Everett Hale draughtsmen, with a common lens of an inch and a quarter. We were delighted, because, in a window of the building which 'sat for us, a bust of Apollo 'came out' distinctly all the " lights and shades being marked Those negative images exposed in Harvard Yard are more properly "photogenic drawings" than Talbotypes, the more advanced technology that soon evolved from them. (The earliest extant photograph of Harvard, taken in 1844 by freshman Josiah Parsons Cooke, is a Talbotype of Gore Hall, the impressive new College library.) By 1840, when Talbot discovered how to convert negatives to positive images, Hale, while studying theology, had enrolled in the first Boston-area course on the daguerreotype technique. His 1840 journals are packed with references to bulbs, shutters, and various photographic experiments, including the usefulness of "photogeny" for printing maps; he claimed that a self-portrait he took that year on the steps of South Congregational Church in Boston was "the first likeness of a human being taken in Massachusetts." That venue seems to foreshadow his future role as the church's Unitarian minister (1856-1899); the congregation he led for 43 years strongly supported his activism. Hale was a wide-ranging social reformer, shaped perhaps by the political discussions overheard at home as he grew up. A lifelong aversion to rote learning prompted his repeated criticism of the formal education of his day; he encouraged his friends to let their sons learn "by overhearing, by looking on, by trying experiments, and by example." His own writings for children, such as How to Do It (1895), encouraged young minds to be optimistic about what they could accomplish, and to cultivate "vital power" in readiness for facing life's problems. He supported Irish famine relief by finding opportunities for refugees; co-founded the New England Emigrant Aid Society to encourage antislavery supporters to settle in Kansas; and advocated for fairness to Native Americans and educational opportunities for freed slaves. A story he published in 1870 inspired the creation of altruistic "Lend a Hand" clubs and the Lend a Hand Society. Without losing sight of the nation's shortcomings, he possessed a patriotic sensibility memorably expressed in his 1863 story, "The Man Without a Country," wherein a court-martialed traitor is sentenced to never again set foot in his native land or hear its name spoken-a fate, the narrative implies, far worse than death. Hale also reserved creative energy for lighter literary activities, often showcasing his interest in scientific developments and fascination with inventions. His most engaging works, including "The Brick Moon" (an 1869 serial for Atlantic Monthly), are full of clever devices and scientific adventure and anticipate modern science fiction. That fictional "moon" was a huge, man-made satellite where accelerated evolution transpired. Message 17 from its orbiting colonists (transmitted by visual Morse code read through high-powered telescopes) stated, "Write to Darwin that he is all right. We began with lichens and have come as far as palms and hemlocks." A bronze statue of Hale, erected by public subscription in 1913, still stands at the edge of the Boston Public Garden. The granite base proclaims, "Man of Letters, Preacher of the Gospel, Prophet of Peace, Patriot"-traits that endeared him deeply to friends and those affected by his writings and humanitarian endeavors. The sculpture presents an elderly man poised to enter a planned landscape replete with exotic plants and an even greater variety of people. It is easy to imagine that he gazes with benevolence as well as curiosity at the tourists who pause to snap his picture. Edward Everett Hale 3/4 http://harvardmagazine.com/print/47357?page=all P.A.B. 4, Hale Hale business as the ac- first cousin, Laura Hale, the daughter of Richard the thirteen-year-old freshman for getting the and jobbing dry- Hale. She died in IS24 and on Aug. 22, 825, best out of college. At Harvard he appears to serious illness in he married Lucy S. Turner of Boston. pon his have taken a healthy, all-round interest in the oved unsuccessful. death early in 1849, the Journal of Commerce duties and pastimes of his course, gaining some I Recorder, one of continued under the name of Hallock, Hale & mastery of the classics and English composition, lewspapers in this Hallock, David A. Hale, his son, representing and graduating in 1839, second in his class, a tablish a religious the heirs of the estate, and William H. Hallock, member of Phi Beta Kappa, and class poet. At 1 the recommenda- son of Gerard Hallock, being admitted to part- seventeen his formal education thus stood com- Hallock [q.v.], he nership. pleted. [Jos. P. Thompson, Memoir of David Hale with of the New York It had always been taken for granted that he Selections from His Miscellaneous Writings (1850) it was started in Frederic Hudson, Journalism in the U. S. from 1690 would enter the Unitarian ministry. Without ], a public-spirited to 1872 (1873) Wm. H. Hallock, Life of Gerard Hal- feeling any positive impulse in that direction, lock (1869) E. Hale, "Geneal. of the Family of ligious and philan- and with a marked disinclination to a formal Capt. Nathan Hale," App. to I. W. Stuart, Life of Capt. er sixteen months, Nathan Hale (1856) Victor Rosewater, Hist. of Co- course in theology, he devoted his first two operative News-Gathering in the U. S. (1930) and ),000 on the paper, years out of college to teaching in the Boston files of the Morning Courier, the Morning Courier and other Lewis [q.v.], N. Y. Enquirer, and the N. Y. Jour. of Commerce.] Latin School, wrote for the press, and pursued entered into an ar- W.G.B. his studies for the ministry under private guid- allock by which, at HALE, EDWARD EVERETT (Apr. 3, 1822- ance. Before the end of 1842 he began to preach, ecame the sole pro- June IO, 1909), author, Unitarian minister, and in April 1846 was ordained minister of ne his work to the brother of Lucretia Peabody and Charles Hale the Church of the Unity in Worcester, Mass. aper, but wrote ar- [qq.v.], was born in Boston, the fourth of his Ten years later he became minister of the South parents' eight children, and died, at eighty- Congregational Church in Boston-his only he Journal of Com- seven, in the house, in the Roxbury district of other parish for the forty-three ensuing years of news gathering Boston, in which he had lived for forty years. through which he was to continue his active min- ock). A semaphore His father, Nathan Hale [q.v.], was a nephew istry. to announce the ar- of the young American soldier of the same name A sketch of "Boston in the Forties"-in his litors and the com- whose story is a classic episode in the War of New England Boyhood and Other Bits of Auto- handle the foreign Independence. His mother, Sarah Preston Ever- biography (1900)-helps one to account for the boat owned by the ett, was a sister of Edward Everett [q.v.]. He Hale of the fifties and thereafter. Here he de- ht to the office the was fond of saying that he was "cradled in the picted the ferments of the little city, of whose in- On occasion Hale sheets of a newspaper," and his father's long habitants Emerson was saying that "every man office or at the Ex- identification with the Boston Daily Advertiser, carries a revolution in his waist-coat pocket." abled merchants the of which he acquired the ownership in 1814 and What Hale himself said of the leaders in Boston lishers also ran ex- was editor for nearly fifty years thereafter, gave at this time was that they "really believed that S from Washington abundant color to the remark. When he was they could make the city of Boston the city of for their paper the about eleven years old, his father suggested his God, and they meant to do so," and that they proceedings of Con- translating, for publication in the Daily, an arti- were "men who knew that all things are possible head of the United cle from a French newspaper. It made no dif- to one who believes" (Ibid., p. 243). ference that he had never studied French. With Big of body and spirit, destined to grow, with the aims for which the help of a sister and a dictionary he translated his aspect of a shaggy prophet and his great, re- ed by Arthur Tap- the article, which was duly printed (Life and verberating voice, into the very figure of a seer, ot permit the adver- Letters, 1917, I, 196). An easy-going journal- Hale was precisely the man to put into action the s, or business trans- istic attitude towards writing in general charac- prevailing beliefs of the Boston in which he came ork connected with terized much of his own work throughout life. to maturity. Strongly Unitarian in his theolog- E the paper was per- At a dame school and the Boston Latin School ical views, honored as a leader in his denomina- Saturday and mid- he was made ready to enter Harvard College, as tion, he was nevertheless concerned chiefly with sult that the Monday he did, at the age of thirteen. Looking upon the aspects of Christianity on which all could hour late. Hale was school as a "necessary nuisance," he acquired agree. The "New Civilization" for which he la- ok great interest in much of his early education from the large, bored implied a general betterment of human re- :ompleted in 1836 as happy, and busy family of which he was a mem- lationships, social, political, personal. Before the onal church in New ber. The young people made miniature railroad Civil War he threw himself heartily into the the church property engines and printed books and periodicals of work of the New England Emigrant Aid Com- of a mortgage, Hale their own composition. Church-going and Sun- pany, writing a book on Kansas (spelled Kan- ownership the build- day school, dancing lessons, frequent contacts zas) and Nebraska, and thus virtually beginning C meetings, lectures, with the most stimulating minds of the stirring, his long career of the service of causes through religious services. homogeneous community-all combined with the the printed word. As the war approached he an. 18, 1815, to his more definite processes of schooling to qualify drilled with a rifle corps in Boston-but felt, 99 Hale Hale when the contest began, that he could be of most Boyhood and Other Bits of Autobiograph: use at home. There he worked tellingly enough 1900), James Russell Loweil and His Friends in the Sanitary Commission to win for his figure (1899), and Memories of a Hundred Years a conspicuous place on one of the bas-reliefs vols., 1902). tion adorning the Soldiers' Monument on Boston Two honors, one local, one national, were ap- merit. Common. What was more important, he wrote propriate to the end of his career. When the After at this time, "The Man Without a Country" twentieth century came in, it was Hale who wa. (Atlantic Monthly, December 1863), one of the chosen to read the Ninetieth Psalm from the to best short stories written by an American, and balcony of the Massachusetts State House to the representing Hale at his best as a writer of fic- great silent crowd that assembled on Boston tion with a purpose. Common during the final hour of Dec. 31. 1900. In The intended immediate purpose of "The Man The national honor was his election, at the end consu Without a Country" was to influence an impend- of 1903, as chaplain of the United States Senate. years ing election. Its larger, long-continued service In these final years also he seized every occasion was as a rarely effectual incentive to patriotism was to urge, through speech and print, the cause of leader unforeseen. In its blending of fact, none too international peace. This was but the logical izatio thoroughly verified, with extravagant fiction, all climax of a life-long work or the general well- er. narrated with a plausibility of detail clearly sug- being of mankind. was gesting the influence of Defoe, it displays to the His domestic life was happy and spirited. On pany best advantage its author's method and manner. Oct. 13, 1852, he married Emily Baldwin Per- ers to Four years earlier, in 1859, he had published in kins, of Hartford, Conn., a grand-daughter of digo the Atlantic Monthly the story "My Double: and Lyman Beecher [q.v.]. Travel, more often in He How He Undid Me," revealing him, equally at America than in Europe, gave variety to the compa his best, in a distinctive vein of humor. These family routine of Boston in the winter and Ma. tion stories, with others, were included in his first tunuck, R. I., in the summer. Up to April in the when volume of fiction, If, Yes, and Perhaps. Four last year of his life he performed the duties of of his Possibilities and Six Exaggerations, with Some his chaplaincy at Washington. Then he came to the Bits of Fact (1868). His many subsequent books back to Boston, where he died, June IO, 1909. he were, almost without exception, the work of a His wife, with their one daughter and three oi presid religious, humanitarian journalist, keenly per- their seven sons, survived him. gation ceptive of significances, historic and other, prod- [The three autobiographical volumes mentioned above comm provide many facts in the life of Hale. These are sup. igal in illustrations from fact, but much less con- plemented by the prefaces he wrote for the "Library 1893 cerned with minor points of accuracy than with Edition" of his works (Boston, 1898-1901). The Life Turke major considerations of meaning. "If a parable and Letters of Edward Everett Hale, by Edward E. cially Hale, Jr. (2 vols., 1917), is the authoritative biography teaches its lesson," one can imagine his saying, The Philip Nolan of "The Man Without a Country" is the "what matter if it does not tally at every point not to be confused with the Philip Nolan [q.v.] of his- bors tory, as Hale explained in "The Real Philip Nolan. with the books of reference?' Especially in two Miss. Hist. Soc. Pubs., IV (1901), 281-329.] proble of his books, Ten Times One is Ten (1871) and DeW. H. River In His Name (1873), which he, though probably HALE, EDWARD JOSEPH (Dec. 25 1839- few others, counted his best, he gave the direc- Feb. I5, 1922), editor, diplomat, was born at out tion to far-reaching movements-the Lend-a- "Haymount" near Fayetteville, N. C. the son of ties Hand movement, with its familiar motto of Edward Jones Hale, a well-known and able edi- adopte Hale's invention, "look up and not down, look tor, and Sarah Jane Walker. Prepared for col- tive forward and not back, look out and not in, lend lege at Fayetteville, he entered the University of the Ds a hand," and the I. H. N. and other clubs of or- North Carolina in 1856 but was compelled by from ganized good-will. Both of these stories appeared illness to withdraw immediately. He spent the appoir. in Old and New, a monthly magazine which Hale year in travel, and, returning the next year, was served edited from 1870 to 1875. This was a periodical graduated in 1860. Ae at once became associated in I91 of which one of his friends said that "it would with his father in the conduct of the Fayetteville genuin have succeeded had there been anybody connect- Observer. On Van. I5, 1861, he was married to acqua: ed with it who wanted to make money." Through Maria Rhett Hill, of Chatham County. She died fine the press, daily, weekly, and monthly, Hale con- many years later and on Dec. 5, 1905, he mar- tlemar stantly poured himself forth, turning at times ried Caroline Green Mallett of Fayetteville. deeply from prose to verse. In the vast bulk of his pro- Upon the outbreak of the Civil War Hale enlist- fairs. duction three volumes-containing much of au- ed in the Confederate army, refusing a commis- [S. tobiography-must be noted A New England sion at first because of his ignorance of military (1917) Clark. Boyhood (1893; reprinted in A New England matters. He served from Bethel to Appomattox. talions IOO Francis greenwood Peabaly Reminiscences of Present Day Saint Boston: H. Mifflin Co., 1927. CHAPTER V EDWARD EVERETT HALE T' HE second phase of a young minister's career is reached when he passes from his years of scho- lastic training to meet the practical problems of pas- toral life. It is as a rule a chastening experience. The learning laboriously acquired seems to have little applicability to the needs of human souls; the sermons sedulously produced seem remote from reality; the conduct of free prayer proves to be an emotional excitation which tempts one to envy the adherents of prescribed and liturgical forms. The young aspirant finds himself stranded between the love of study and the cure of souls, and as he proceeds from church to church he recalls the unclean spirit which 'walketh through dry places, seeking rest, and finding none.' The very title of 'candidate' has about it a touch of self-secking and mendicancy. It is true that in ancient Rome a candidate was clothed in a white toga to symbolize his guileless- ness; but these applicants for office were tempted to become such obsequious place-hunters that they were described by Cicero as 'a much too civil breed'; (officiosissima natio candidatorum). The most salutary way of escape from this expe- rience is to cut loose from all familiar surroundings, drop from one's shoulders the white toga, and recover Always J 90 E.E.Hale Coward Coerett Dale self-confidence among strangers, who know nothing of one's past and may even entertain the illusion of one's competence. That was the rescue from self- distrust which my father had found when he left Cambridge and crossed the Alleghanies to a village in western Pennsylvania and a similar salvation by migration was offered to me through the masterful guidance of Edward Everett Hale. Acquaintance with him was by no means a new experience. During my college course he had been at the height of his powers, and the great basilica at the South End of Boston was thronged with listeners. Mr. B. J. Lang, then the director of musical taste in Boston, conducted a notable choir, and Dr. Hale's message of cooperative citizenship boomed across the church in his resonant voice to the back pew into which I often slipped. In 1873 I had the happiness of joining him during a part of his journey in Europe, and watched the equal delight he had in conferring with old Catholics in Munich and in col- lecting wild flowers in Switzerland. He was, as his son and biographer has said, 'the best travelling companion in the world,' observant, appreciative, and playful. When, however, in the autumn of 1873 I returned from Germany and was confronted by the problem of pastoral settlement, Dr. Hale's characteristically romantic counsel was that I should abandon the comfortable conditions of New England and find 91 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale myself by 'going West.' There happened to be at student. Suddenly, a rough voice interrupted me by that time a small college in Ohio, which had gained shouting 'I notice that you talk a lot about God. some reputation under the direction of the distin- What do you mean by God? If you mean Force, guished educational reformer, Horace Mann. After why not say so? It was a somewhat startling chal- his death its declining fortunes had been reenforced by lenge, and it was not until after some weeks of contributions from Unitarians; but it still remained acquaintance, and some long walks along the muddy a serious question whether the fame of Horace Mann roads, that I found this impetuous sceptic a temper- could overcome the deficit he had bequeathed. amentally devout youth, who had been driven into Antioch College has of late become conspicuous materialism by the denunciatory creed offered to through the initiative and originality of a new admin- him as Christian truth. istrator, whose programme and achievements Horace Nothing could have been more disciplinary than Mann would have been the first to commend but this Spartan experience, of plain - indeed, very in 1873 the college presented as forlorn and unexhil- plain - living, and daily contact- indeed, daily arating an environment as a youth fresh from a contention - with unsophisticated, undisguised, and German university, with his uncomplaining bride, unconventional minds. The lessons there learned was ever called to enter. The region may have had have long survived the lessons taught, and the friend- rural charm in summer, but in November it was ships gained have outlived both. There was sagacity bleak and raw, and the roads were a sea of mud. as well as romanticism in Dr. Hale's counsel that an My wife and I were lodged in a rude dormitory, with overtrained and under-experienced student should a huge air-tight stove filling the greater part of the precipitate himself into the deep waters of reality, room, leaving just space for two rough cots in the where his spiritual life must swim or sink. If I were corners and the choice had to be made between being to offer general advice to young ministers - - which suffocated at night by over-heated iron or finding would be as injudicious as it would be unheeded I our meagre pitchers of water crusted with ice in the should deter them from undertaking conspicuous morning. The students were eager and responsive, service for ten years or more, or from serving as but quite distinguishable from the Harvard type. assistants to older pastors, and should recommend On my first Sunday evening I had gathered a con- professional isolation, an unfamiliar and even uncon- siderable group in the Common Room, and was genial environment, and the challenge of lives bred discoursing to them in the best manner of a Harvard in ways remote from one's own. 92 93 Present-Day Saints Coward Cherett Dale Returning from this wholesome though ascetic genius was associated with each step in my profes- venture, and having rashly accepted the pastorate sional experience. Ordination for the ministry, of the First Parish in Cambridge, I turned to Dr. received from his hands, had the character of indeli- Hale for his blessing, and he laid his hands on bility which the Council of Florence in 1439 assigned me in ordaining prayer, and continued throughout to that rite. the few years of my parochial service as in a peculiar Dr. Hale's career was SO conspicuous in his genera- sense my father in God. Finally, on being designated tion, and his life and work have been described in to direct worship in the Chapel of Harvard Univer- such detail,1 and are SO affectionately commemorated sity under a voluntary system, and with the coop- in Lend-a-Hand societies and their multiplying off- eration of a Staff of Preachers, my first choice of a spring, that it might seem superfluous, if not pre- colleague and counsellor was Dr. Hale. He literally sumptuous, to review them further. It has seemed, threw himself into the new project with joyous however, to some lovers of Dr. Hale that the very coöperation and fertile initiative. For three years multiplicity of his gifts and activities may disguise he gave unstinted service to the University, devising from a later generation the peculiar quality of his plans of personal intimacy with students concerning character and influence. He still holds a place in himself with the details of the Preachers' residential literary history through the undiminished vitality rooms; beginning there the collection of a Preachers' of 'The Man Without a Country' and 'In His Library hanging on the wall a portrait of George Name'; he still remains the patron saint of many Washington, who had occupied the rooms as his organizations founded on his famous maxims 'Look headquarters until a cannon ball from the British up and not down look out and not in; look forward lines intimated that the Craigie House, a half-mile and not back, and lend a hand'; his lifelike statue away, was safer and, in the casual manner which registers in bronze the gratitude of a city for his marked many of his most enduring works, noting unstinted beneficence yet none of these memorials on some loose pages the impressions made on him seem to report with adequate emphasis the special by his weeks of service, thus writing the first chapter characteristic which won the devoted loyalty and of a precious and confidential book of records, in love of his disciples. It was the extraordinary lavish- which successive preachers have narrated their ness of his affection, the prodigality of sympathy achievements and disappointments, their hopes and fears. So for thirty-five years this rare and generous 1 The Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale, by Edward E. Hale, Jr., 2 vols., 1917. 94 95 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale with which he gave himself to the cause or the case Vaughan's 'Hours with the Mystics.' It will consist which for the moment called to him. It was a virtue of a series of letters, written independently, and which involved at the same time a limitation, for this passed from one writer to the next. This is the first intense preoccupation with an immediate need might letter. You will comment on it and pass it to easily obstruct or delay a more serious obligation. When this correspondence has gone round three times His sermon for Sunday morning might have the there will be a book of nine chapters, and the sub- marks of hasty preparation, but that might be ject we love will be given new life. because on Saturday a poor woman had sought his Affectionately yours, aid, and a home must be found for her at the cost 'EDWARD EVERETT HALE.' of the whole precious evening. There was often this lack of perspective and proportion in his work: the Then followed a brief sketch of the medixel acceptance of more engagements than could be ade- mystics, interrupted, apparently, by the arrival of quately filled ; the precipitate self-committal to a his train, and constituting, not only the first, but the new idea or scheme without time or means to carry last chapter ever produced of this precipitate but it through. alluring enterprise. It happened, for example, that in one of our con- This was the trait which delivered Dr. Hale into versations he commended to me the writings of the the hands of hostile critics, who found his historical medixval mystics; and during the forty years which erudition sometimes defective and his schemes often have passed since that talk I have found elevating Utopian but it was at the same time the quality companionship in the literature to which I was thus which won, in an almost unique degree, a personal led. Shortly after this initiation into that goodly and affectionate devotion. The poor woman given fellowship I was astonished by receiving a long letter lodging on Saturday night was not aware that the from Dr. Hale, written on scraps of paper torn from Sunday's sermon suffered, but she had learned what magazines, at a railroad junction where he had missed Jesus meant when he said, 'Inasmuch as ye have done his connection. The letter itself has drifted away, it unto one of these my brethren, even these least, but the purport of it was as follows ye did it unto me.' The procession of mendicants, promoters, authors, and reformers which marched 'DEAR FRANK, -You and I, and one other person, into his study found at last a man who believed in to be later named, are to make a book similar to them, and who even endorsed their notes, at great 96 97 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale cost both of Dr. Hale's money and of criticism from mother a sister of the eminent orator and statesman, more prudent men. Young people with their dreams Edward Everett. The instincts of journalism and and schemes found themselves, not objects of pro- literature were thus in his blood: and in his 'teens fessional scrutiny, but sharers of a wealth of sugges- he contributed reviews and editorials to the 'Adver- tion and enthusiasm ; old people whose way had been tiser,' learned the art of shorthand reporting, and hard had their eyes opened and saw that this rough acquired the habit of rapid and confident composi- road was leading them straight to the City of God. tion. He entered Harvard College at what now This, rather than his literary gifts, became treas- appears the incredible age of thirteen and graduated ured by young and old as in 1839, a member of the Phi Beta Kappa and Class 'That best portion of a good man's life, Poet; though of this production he wrote at the His little, nameless, unremembered acts time, 'It has convinced me, what I knew perfectly Of kindness and of love.' well before, that I am not nor ever could be a poet, An indomitable and contagious confidence in the or have the least claim to that title.' After various human soul a discovery of the better self which experiments in teaching, reporting, and writing, he one's self had not yet found, and the application of committed himself to the profession of the ministry, this better self to what Dr. Hale called 'The creation not by attending a theological school, but by private of the possible Boston,' or 'The coming of the king- reading under the direction of his pastor in Boston dom of God to our own doors'; the discovery - an irregularity of procedure which he always, of dramatic interest in uninteresting lives, as though though with questionable arguments, insisted had it were written of him, as of his Master, that the been to his advantage in the profession. secrets of many hearts should be revealed this His son and biographer has expressed the opinion is the aspect of Dr. Hale's diversified and prodigiously that his father was 'not deeply impressed by the productive life which is cherished in the memory of responsibilities and opportunities of the minister's many grateful witnesses as the gift which assures life,' but was drawn to the profession as 'providing to him a permanent place among present-day saints. leisure for literary work.' It is difficult, however, to discover the signs of such half-heartedness in SO EDWARD EVERETT HALE was born in 1822. His whole-hearted and continuous a career. He began father was the editor of an important organ of to preach at the preposterous age of twenty, and Boston opinion, the 'Daily Advertiser,' and his was called to the charge of an important church in 98 99 Present-Day Saints Edward Cherett Dale Worcester when but twenty-three. Literary leisure, expressed themselves, his social service became if indeed he ever hoped for it, was never attained, comprehensive, and his writings a permanent contri- but in the interstices of arduous pastoral duties his bution to American literature. 'Steeped in literature literary productiveness was resolutely maintained. from his birth," says his son, 'and coming to maturity Even in youth he was an impressive figure, tall and very early, he produced nothing of artistic quality gaunt, with searching and appealing eyes, and with until he was thirty-seven years old.' Indeed, on a voice SO deep and resonant that it may be fitly undertaking the larger work in Boston, he made described as a vocal organ. It was as though he definite resolutions to restrain his divergent tastes, pulled out one stop after another of his great instru- or, in his own words: 'First, to give more care to my ment, until the very volume of sound might call to work and write sermons of permanent value ; second, mind the lines of Dryden, to cut loose from "The Examiner" and other avoca- 'Through all the compass of the notes it ran, tions third, to devote myself exclusively to my The diapason closing full in man.' parish and refuse all other duties.' His ministry, thus begun, assumed at once the It soon proved quite impossible, however, to hold twofold character which it maintained for sixty his imagination and vitality within such bounds, years. On the one hand, his conduct of worship was and his social service was soon enlarged by the marked by unstudied simplicity. On the other hand, establishment of a mission chapel, and by the pro- his religious ideal was applied to the social needs motion of a districting-plan of poor-relief, under the and problems of his community. Occasional essays system proposed by Chalmers, and organized in in the 'North American Review' and the 'Boston Boston as The Benevolent Fraternity of Churches. Miscellany," and articles in the 'Daily Advertiser,' Hardly had these extraneous activities defeated satisfied his literary ambition and contributed to his good resolution of concentration than the war of make his life in Worcester one of exhilaration and 1861 broke on the unprepared North, and the scheme contentment. The preaching of a youth of twenty- of a limited and pastoral service was completely three, however, could not express more than a healthy submerged by the tide of patriotism. Drilling of and joyous optimism. His social horizon was limited, young soldiers, and promoting of further enlistments, and his literary work incidental. It was not until alternated with sermons on the crisis. 'On Sunday," 1856, when, at the age of thirty-four, he was called he writes, 'I shall preach on "Taking the Loan," to a church in Boston, that his maturing powers from John VI. 12, or Matthew V. 42.' The first 100 IOI Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale passage was perhaps applied to the small givers emergency, to discover where his homiletical aims 'Gather up the fragments that remain, that nothing might have their widest channel of utterance. Others be lost'; while the second was more calculated to might preach in sermons or poems, while he could reach the prudent rich, 'From him that would borrow preach best in story-telling. Others could urge of thee turn not thou away.' Thus the war, as has enlistments, subscribe to loans, or fight for the Union, often happened under the strain of a great crisis, while he could show the tragic fate of a man without discovered Edward Everett Hale to himself and he a country. became, not only a preacher, or what is called a In one of the delightful 'Letters' of Maurice Hew- social worker, but a national figure, inspiring and lett he offers the same defence of the story-teller. exhorting by word and pen. 'Until 1861, he said of 'They say it is romance, he wrote of one of his himself, 'I was only known in Boston as an energetic novels, 'I say it is history. I am sure my notion of minister of an active church ; then the war came along giving real history this form, of illuminating history and brought me into public life, and I have never from within, is a sound one.' That was precisely the got back into simple parish life again.' contribution of Dr. Hale to patriotism. He illumi- The most permanent memorial of this passionate nated history from within; and his tale, which on patriotism was his hastily written, but irresistibly examination is obviously fictitious, has preached appealing, story, 'The Man Without a Country.' patriotism to three generations of American youth, Fiction provided for him the most convincing form and still provides good material for moving-picture of argument, and he applied himself to make, as he shows. There is an interesting analogy here with later wrote, 'a contribution, however humble, to- the achievement of Julia Ward Howe in her 'Battle ward the formation of a just and true national senti- Hymn of the Republic.' That stirring lyric, as she ment, a sentiment of love to the nation.' Published herself reports, was conceived during a restless night anonymously, and professing to be written by an and written out the next morning yet it not only officer of the Navy, the tale had at once a prodigious met the needs of a critical hour but has lifted loyalty effect. By many readers its impossible situations into sacred song for generations then unborn. Few were believed to be historical, and it was pointed out parallels could be found with the vitality for over by some critics that the facts of Philip Nolan's life sixty years of Mrs. Howe's verses and of Dr. Hale's had not been accurately stated. In a word, the story. Critics may still insist that he was not a his- preacher had been led, in the passion of a national torian but a romanticist but he would himself be I02 103 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale well contented if it could be said of him, in Hewlett's happen, as the title of one essay asks, 'If Jesus came words, that he illuminated history from within. to Boston? Some critics have censured Dr. Hale From this point of self-discovery Dr. Hale was for dissipating powers which might have had more led on to apply his art of preaching through fiction permanent effect if applied to any one of his various in the most varied forms of suggestion and disguise. schemes. The fact is that what seems undiscrim- He had already let loose his imagination with playful inating and precipitate is but the overflow of preach- exaggeration in 'My Double, and How He Undid ing power, the by-products of a profession which Me' (1856), 'a wholly impossible conception,' his took all life for its province. 'Sybaris and Other biographer says, 'dealt with in an absolutely matter- Homes' is a fanciful disguise for a treatise on social of-fact way,' but in its effect a plea for mercy to over- hygiene. 'How They Lived at Hampton' reveals worked parsons. There soon followed a continuous its didactic purpose in the sub-title, 'A Story of stream of Utopian romances, historical memorials, Practical Christianity Applied to the Manufacture biographical studies, and sketches of a Christianized of Woolens.' social order, which became simply overwhelming This essentially homiletical intention is sufficiently in its volume and velocity. His collected 'Works,' indicated when one recalls the two writings of Dr. in ten volumes, comprise only a fragment of the Hale which would be generally regarded as having, amazing total. No complete bibliography of his together with 'The Man Without a Country," a writings is known to exist; but a publishers' list of permanent place in literary history. The first is early productions, from 1848 to 1894, contains the his "Ten Times One is Ten,' which was issued as a titles of eighty-two volumes, issued in forty-six years, serial in his magazine 'Old and New,' in 1870, but and Dr. Hale himself confesses to 'fifteen or sixteen which soon became the inspiration of scores of organ- hundred sermons. When, however, one reviews these izations and of thousands of lives. It begins, as diversified publications, whether candidly serious everybody knows, and as all of Dr. Hale's Utopias or exuberantly imaginative, they are seen to be, begin, with the most elementary situations. Ten not evidences of divisive interests, but essentially friends of Harry Wadsworth resolve to live as he the manifold expressions of a single aim. With all would have them, to look up and not down, to look their variety of treatment, they are in intention forward and not back, to look out and not in, and nothing but sermons. Fiction, history, economics, to lend a hand. Each of them proposes, still further, and poetry, are all utilized to illustrate what might to get ten other enlistments in the same faith. Then 104 105 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale the amazing mathematical process takes place, had maintained their simple faith; he reviewed the which less praiseworthy enterprises have applied, in story of the merciless persecutions which they more questionable forms, to chain-letters or cumula- endured he tramped over the hills which look down tive mendicancy. Within a term, reckoned at about on Lyons; and there are few passages in modern twenty-seven years, the entire population of the literature more vivid and geographically accurate world finds itself enrolled in Harry Wadsworth than the detailed account of the fearless riders on Clubs, and the Kingdom of God has taken possession their errand of mercy to the sick child. It has seemed of the globe. The fascinating dream seized on the to some critics that this touching and dramatic imagination of readers, and there were soon evolved, narrative became somewhat overladen with these not only Lend-a-Hand Clubs, but Look-Up Legions, local and historical allusions, and that its course King's Daughters, and many other far-reaching was interrupted by the prolonged interlude of the organizations, which either directly appropriated troubadour's song and the legend of Aucassin and the mottoes or applied the same method of growth. Nicolette. Dr. Hale could not touch any theme The fertilizing effect of the story-teller's art had lightly, but must throw himself into each detail made the parish minister in Boston a missionary and explore each circumstance; and it may be not to uncounted millions of souls. unreasonable to maintain that the picturesqueness The second, and in its form and treatment the of mediavalism tempted the author to needlessly most painstaking and ambitious of Dr. Hale's writ- laborious research. On the other hand, he must be ings, was 'In His Name.' 'My father,' says his son, a hardened critic who can read of this secret fellow- 'generally thought of "In His Name" as his best ship, with its imperative watchwords and its unques- book.' Here again the homiletical motif is as obvious tioning obedience, without real emotion, and it is as in 'Ten Times One is Ten.' A Christmas story not surprising that many a modern organization of for that was its original form - should describe discipleship has found a sufficient creed in the max- discipleship in terms of simple loyalty and courage. ims: 'For the love of Christ,' and 'In His Name.' In this case, however, the writer believed that the Indeed, the evidence that this elaborate tale is in scene would appear more dramatic if it were detached effect a sermon for the modern world is expressly from modern life, and he uses the touching history given in its last chapter 'It is always going on, of the early Waldensians as his stage. He visited Philip. Jesus Christ is giving life more abundantly, the region where ever since the twelfth century they and awakening the dead now, just as he said he 106 107 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Dale would. Five hundred years hence, dear Phil, unstudied as the years pass, and a few great themes, they will publish a story about you and me. We in their infinitely varied ways of expression, become shall seem very romantic then and we shall be worth his reiterated and dominant message. In his earlier reading about, if what we do is simple enough, and period no problem of civic, national, or theological brave enough, and loving enough for anybody to interest escaped his alert observation, and such think we do it "for the love of Christ," or for any- subjects as 'The Abolition of Pauperism,' 'Sunday body to guess that we had been bound together Laws,' 'The Possible Boston,' 'The Centenary of "In His Name." the Constitution,' occur among his discourses. It These instances are sufficient to indicate the should not be said that his later preaching was less range and versatility of Dr. Hale's literary gifts. comprehensive or humane; but it becomes evident Meantime, what was the effect of these varied excur- that the dream of cooperative consecration reported sions into fiction and history on the special vocation in 'Ten Times One is Ten,' and the sufficiency of a of the preacher, of which they were the delightful life lived 'In His Name,' called to him on almost by-products? Sermons and the conduct of worship every Sunday for amplification and varied applica- remained his duty and delight until the end of his tion. A clever woman who had listened to various life. Even after his retirement from the pastorate, preachers at Harvard University remarked that he accepted service as Chaplain of the Senate at each of them used a certain word which recurred Washington, and his 'Prayers in the Senate in 1904' like a motif in his conduct of worship. Dr. Brooks's remains as an appealing testimony to his undimin- word, she said, was Richness - the unrealized wealth ished hope and faith. On June 6, 1909, which of human opportunity and blessing; Dr. Hale's happened to be Whitsunday, he was eighty-seven word was Together - the cumulative force of years old; and wrote: 'Dr. Temple has forbidden associated discipleship. Whenever the community me to preach to-day - the first Whitsunday in or the University needed a reenforcement of spiritual sixty-five years without a Whitsunday sermon.' power Dr. Hale's message was 'Together.' Thus Four days later, on June IO, he died. he became more and more the voice of the city's From about the year 1880 he had permitted many conscience and the unofficial chaplain of each munic- of his sermons to be printed, and hundreds of them ipal event or national crisis. had been circulated as tracts or collected in volumes. The climax of this spiritual authority was reached The form of these sermons, however, becomes more when, largely through his initiative, a mass meeting 108 109 Present-Day Saints Coward Coerett Date was held on the night of December 31, 1900, to mark met on May 4th some twenty undergraduates of the transition to a new century. A vast throng all classes, to talk on the choice of a profession, packed the space from the State House in Boston and conversed with them for two hours.' And again nearly to Tremont Street and waited in solemn still- 'I find that I have memoranda of calls from sixteen ness for the coming of midnight. A few moments students. I said something about prayer one before the hour struck Dr. Hale's words, trans- morning in a sermon which sent into this room the mitted by a sounding board, swept across the dark- next Saturday a man who had not heard the sermon, ness, as if a messenger from the skies were speaking and I fancy had not heard ten sermons in his life. 'Lord, Thou hast been our dwelling-place in all He told me his father was an agnostic, and didn't generations Then, as the distant bells struck the wish his children to attend any church. But this hour, trumpets blew, and the great concourse joined man was passionately anxious that I might show with Dr. Hale in repeating the Lord's Prayer and in him how he might with a good conscience pray to singing 'America.' It was a scene which no one the "Power which makes for righteousness." He could witness without emotion, or can recall without would never have come near me but for a sermon hearing again the far-reaching voice of the unseen which he did not hear, but which had been talked preacher. The multitude had gathered like the com- about at his boarding-house." panions of 'Ten Times One is Ten,' and welcomed There has been at times an inclination, both among a new century 'In His Name.' meticulous scholars and among intolerant reformers, Such, in brief, were the nature and effect of Dr. to regard Dr. Hale as lacking in persistency, either Hale's later ministry - an increasing simplicity in of thought or of action. He would fling himself, it teaching, and a spiritual authority attained by many has been said, into a historical problem, like that of years of self-effacing service. His talks to students the Waldensian maxims, and soon be diverted to at Harvard University had the directness of an old take part in a municipal campaign or a crusade for man's confidential conversation. More and more peace. One who could SO plausibly make fiction look his thought and desire turned to individuals, and the like history might be easily tempted to embellish estimate which he made of his service was based on history with fiction. A playful cynic, observing these his approach, not to great audiences, but to single multitudinous avocations, once called him 'Edward lives. Thus, in the 'Book of Records' maintained Everything Hale,' and it must be admitted that this by the Preachers to the University he writes: 'I extraordinary diversity of interest did preclude the IIO III Present-Day Saints Coward Cherett hale possibility of continuous leadership in any one fell on hard subjects, where it could not take root; direction. Dr. Hale's gift was for inspiration, rather some among thorns of controversy, where it was than for organization; it was for him to initiate, choked by newly discovered facts but here and there rather than to demonstrate. Yet this facile shifting the seed, SO prodigally scattered, fell in congenial of enthusiasm, and this passion for originality, were soil, and brought forth a harvest of which more precisely the qualities which endeared him to his cautious scholars could not dream. The most abiding disciples, and especially to young people with their quality of this gifted, versatile, and generous friend unrealized and often visionary hopes. A young man was the complete dedication of a long life to thoughts would bring his scheme or dream to Dr. Hale and, and deeds of self-effacing service. The text which as the old man reinterpreted it, it seemed to grow came to be most reiterated by him, and which was more practicable and sane than the schemer or most suggestive of him during his last years, was the dreamer had imagined. 'Here at last,' the youth majestic summons: 'I am come that they might would say, 'is one who understands me; now I can have life, and that they might have it more abun- trust my dream and be obedient to my vision.' dantly.' That was his test of theology, politics, It is reported that in a conversation between Her- philanthropy, books, people. Did they generate or bert Spencer and Thomas Huxley, the philosopher disseminate a more abundant life? It is as life-giver said, 'I suppose that all one can do with his life is to and life-saver that he is to be given his place in the make his mark and go! to which, with greater wis- goodly fellowship of present-day saints. dom as well as modesty, the biologist replied, 'Ah, that is too much to expect. All that one can do is to give a push !' That is almost precisely what Dr. Hale did for many lives. He did not always leave his mark on them, and they might follow paths and reach ends which he had not suggested, and might not even have approved; but he had given them the push they needed, the momentum of the spirit, the propulsion of a new idea. He was a sower, rather than a harvester or sifter. As he sowed, some seed fell by the wayside, and the hungry critics devoured it ; some II2 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page I of 2 FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV Libraries that Own Item This screen shows libraries that own the item you selected. Staff View Options Comments Exit Home Databases Searching Results Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 44 WorldCat E-mail Print Return Help Title: The works of Edward Everett Hale Author: Hale, Edward Everett Other libraries hold this item; please check with your librarian for more information. Libraries with Item: "The works of Edward Evere " "( Record for Item I Get This Item ) Location Library Code NH UNIV OF NEW HAMPSHIRE NHM CT CONNECTICUT COL CTL CT YALE UNIV LIBR YUS MA BOSTON ATHENAEUM BAT MA BOSTON COLLEGE BXM MA BOSTON PUB LIBR BRL MA CLARK UNIV CKM MA UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS DARTMOUTH SMU ME BANGOR PUB LIBR BYN RI BROWN UNIV RBN RI COOPERATIVE LIBR AUTOMATED NETWORK, CLAN PRV Record for Item: "The works of Edward Evere "( Libraries with Item ) GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 44 FIND RELATED More Like This: Search for versions with same title and author Advanced http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:next=html/holdings.html:b. 2/23/2004 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page 2 of 2 options Find Items About: Hale, Edward Everett, (max: 89) Title: The works of Edward Everett Hale. Author(s): Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909. Publication: [Boston, Little, Brown and Company, Edition: Library ed. Year: 1898-1901 Description: 10 V. fronts. [v. 1, 4-10, incl. 3 port.) 20 cm. Language: English Contents: V. 1. The man without a country, and other stories.--v. 2. In His name, and Christmas stories.--v. 3. Ten times one is ten, and other stories.--v 4 The brick moon, and other stories.--v 5. Philip Nolan's friends.--X 6. A New England boyhood, and other bits of autobiography -V. 7. How to do it How to live.--v. 8. Addresses and essays on subjects of history, education, and government --V. 9. Sybaris How they lived in Hampton.--v 10. Poems and fancies. Standard No: LCCN: 99-5408 Note(s): Half-title. Each volume has special t.-p. (v. 3-4 have not the general half-title) Class Descriptors: LC: PS1770 Document Type: Book Entry: 19780620 Update: 20011008 Accession No: OCLC: 3988748 Database: WorldCat Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 44 WorldCat E-mail Print Return Help English Español Français Options Comments Exit OC © 1992-2004 OCLC LC Terms & Conditions http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:next=html/holdings.html:b 2/23/2004 irstSearch: WorldCat Detailed Record Page 1 of 2 LC FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV WorldCat Detailed Record Click on a checkbox to mark a record to be e-mailed or printed in Marked Records. Staff View Options Comments Exit Home Databases Searching Results Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page IIII WorldCat results for: ti: edward and WorldCat Subjects Libraries E-mail Print Export Help ti: everett and ti: hale. Record 22 of 58. 22 Mark: Prev Next Exercises in commemoration of the seventieth birthday of Edward Everett Hale April third, eighteen hundred and ninety-two. Edward Everett Hale 1893 English Book 39 p. front. (port) 20 cm. Boston, Ellis, GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 5 FIND RELATED More Like This: Search for versions with same title and author I Advanced options Find Items About: Hale, Edward Everett, (max: 89) Title: Exercises in commemoration of the seventieth birthday of Edward Everett Hale April third, eighteen hundred and ninety-two. Author(s): Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909. ; Address, p. 25-36 in. Corp Author(s): South Congregational Society, Boston. Publication: Boston, Ellis, Year: 1893 Description: 39 p. front. (port) 20 cm. Language: English http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=fullrecord:sessionid=sp04.. numrecs= 2/23/2004 2/22/04 18 TH ANNUAL COMPUTERS IN LIBRARIES 2003 filter for Edward 609-654-6266 www.infotoday.com Everette Hile to may Dorr dec. 27, 1887 G.B.I Aug 3, 1902 Sept 15,1902 Oct 13, 1902 Frees n publication of Revolution was Priviteering hesting b, Mr. or llos Dour's grandfather ocke In 1887, what work was Hale probleshi?? " Chuch beograph of FUTURE CONFERENCES SPONSORED BY INFORMATION TODAY, INC. Internet Librarian 2003 websearch -InfoToday KMointranets Internet International UNIVERSITY 2003 World 2003 conferences & exposition Librarian2003 March 25-27 April 7-8 May 6-8 October 14-16 November 3-5 Birmingham, UK San Francisco, CA New York, NY Santa Clara, CA Monterey, CA Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 1 of 8 home help I about search Five College Archives & Meruscript Collections Home > Sophia Smith Collection > Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 Sophia Smith Collection Biographical Note Smith College Note: Detailed biographical sketches of many Hale family Hale Family Papers, 1787- members are available in standard reference works such as 1988 the American National Biography (ANB), Dictionary of Browse Finding Aid: American Biography (DAB), Dictionary of Literary - Collection Overview Biography (DLB), and Notable American Women (NAW). > Biographical Note Please consult these sources (as referenced below) for further information. - Scope and Contents of the Collection - Contents List Generation I: Enoch and Octavia (Throop) Hale - Information on Use - Search Terms The Hale family as represented in this collection begins with - Additional Information the Rev. Enoch Hale (1753-1837) and his wife Octavia Throop (1754-1839). Enoch was born and raised in Coventry, View Entire Finding Aid Connecticut. He earned a degree from Yale in 1773 and taught while studying to be a preacher. He was the Congregational minister in rural Westhampton, Questions about this collection? Contact the Massachusetts, from 1778 until his death in 1837. From 1804 archives to 1824, Enoch was secretary of the General Association of Congregational Churches and Ministers of Massachusetts. He was also secretary of the Hampshire Missionary Society for a number of years. He was the brother of Nathan Hale (1755- 76) who was hanged as a spy by the British. Enoch married Octavia Throop in 1781. They had eight children: Sally, Nathan, Melissa, Octavia, Enoch (see DAB), Richard, Betsey, and Sybella. Of these, Nathan (1784-1863), here known as Nathan, Sr., is the best represented in the papers. Generation II: Children of Enoch and Octavia (Throop) Hale Nathan Hale, Sr. (1784-1863, see also DAB) was raised in Westhampton, Massachusetts, earned an A.B. from Williams College in 1804, and briefly taught mathematics at Phillips Exeter Academy. He moved to Boston, Massachusetts, in 1808 where he studied law privately and opened a law office around 1810. His career as a journalist began when he was asked to edit the Boston Weekly Messenger. In 1814 he purchased the Boston Daily Advertiser, the first daily newspaper in Boston. In 1816 he married Sarah Preston Everett. He was also a book publisher and experimental http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 Biographical/Historical Note Page 2 of 8 printer. Considered somewhat of a fanatic about railroads, Nathan, Sr., worked tirelessly to help establish the Boston and Worcester Rail Road and served as its first president from 1831 to 1849. He was also a civil engineer who served on the Boston Water Commission in the 1840s and early 1850s. The Daily, as it was known by the Hales, was truly a family business with Nathan's spouse and children all contributing to its pages. It was Boston's first daily newspaper and one of the earliest American papers to regularly feature editorial articles. The family lived at the center of the Boston social and political scene in a series of houses near the Boston Common. The Daily offices generally occupied the ground floor and the family lived above. Nathan Hale retired from active control of the Daily in 1854. In 1857, financial losses connected with Nathan's involvement with the Chesapeake and Ohio Canal Company forced a move to a smaller house in Brookline. He died there in 1863. Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale (1796-1866) was the daughter of Oliver Everett, minister of New South Church in Boston. After the death of her father when she was six, Sarah's brothers, editor and diplomat Alexander Hill Everett (see DAB) and clergyman and orator Edward Everett (see DAB), took charge of her education. In his book Memories of a Hundred Years, Sarah's son Edward Everett Hale wrote, "so little had schools to do with [her] education, that I cannot name any of her school teachers." At age twelve, she was introduced by her brother Alexander to his friend and fellow teacher at Exeter Academy, Nathan Hale, Sr. They married in 1816. A regular contributor to her husband's newspaper the Boston Daily Advertiser, Sarah P.E. Hale wrote book reviews and was its French editor. Edward Everett Hale remembered "seeing his mother rock the cradle in which reposed his sister while [Daniel] Webster and Judge Story dictated to her speeches that were to appear in her husband's paper." She also wrote juvenile biographies of Spanish explorers for the School Library and several other books and stories for children (Well Bred Girl, Well Bred Boy, Childs Token). She and Nathan, Sr. had eleven children of whom four died in childhood, and two, Sarah and Alexander, died as young adults. According to their son Edward Everett Hale, Nathan, Sr., and Sarah "had decided and advanced views on education." In his memoir A New England Boyhood, Edward Everett Hale describes his father, Nathan, Sr., as "one of the best teachers I ever knew" and says his mother, Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale, "had a genius for education." "Their genius http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 3 of 8 made home the happiest place of all with an infinite variety of amusements almost everything wanted for purposes of manufacture or invention." Because of their father's position as editor of the Daily, the family received copies of most of the books published in America and tickets to most of the concerts, lectures, and events in Boston. All of this wealth of experience was made available to the children and this highly enriched home environment produced a truly remarkable brood. "To write a book for one of the Hales, was as natural as to breathe: [they] were all authors by instinct," wrote Van Wyck Brooks in his The Flowering of New England, 1815-1865. Generation III: Children of Nathan, Sr., and Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale Nathan Sr., and Sarah Hale's children naturally divided into two groups by age. The older four, Sarah, Nathan, Jr., Lucretia, and Edward, known as "We Four," attended school together until the boys were old enough to go to Boston Latin School, and did many things as a unit. Sarah Everett Hale (1817-51) was educated at Miss Susan Whitney's School and most probably joined her sister Lucretia at the schools of Elizabeth Peabody and George B. Emerson. She died in 1851 at age 34 after a long illness. Nathan Hale, Jr. (1818-71) was educated at Miss Susan Whitney's School, continued to Boston Latin, and then to the newly founded English High School in 1829. He went on to Harvard College where he earned an A.B. in 1838, then studied law there, graduating in 1841. From 1842 to 1869 he carried on the family business as co-editor of the Daily and also edited Boston Miscellany. From 1869 until his death in 1871, he taught Mental and Moral Philosophy at Union College. He also edited Old and New with his brother Edward. Lucretia Peabody Hale (1820-1900, see ANB, DAB, DLB, NAW) was educated at the schools of Susan Whitney, Elizabeth Peabody, and George B. Emerson where she earned the equivalent of a B.A. Like her sisters, Lucretia lived at home until their parents' deaths in the 1860s. Her first published work was a religious novel, Margaret Percival in America (1850), co-written with her brother Edward. As a response to the family's financial problems in the 1850s, Lucretia began writing for a variety of magazines, publishing stories and articles in the Atlantic Monthly, Good Housekeeping, Our Young Folks, and its successor St. http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 4 of 8 Nicholas, as well as a novel Struggle for Life (1861), and two anthologies of devotional readings. Her most famous and popular creation was a set of stories about the Peterkins, a hapless family forced to turn to the wise "Lady from Philadelphia" for solutions to a variety of domestic mishaps. These stories were collected as The Peterkin Papers in 1880. Lucretia helped edit her brother Edward's journal Old and New and published a series of books on games (Faggots for the Fireside), sewing, and embroidery for children. In 1874 she was among the first women elected to the Boston School Committee, serving two terms in 1875 and 1876. Edward Everett Hale (1822-1909, see ANB, DAB, DLB) went to Miss Susan Whitney's school with his brother and sisters beginning, at his request, at age two. He studied there until he could enter Boston Latin at age nine. From there he matriculated to Harvard College at age thirteen. After graduating in 1839, Edward taught Latin at Boston Latin then worked as legislative reporter for the Daily. He studied privately for the ministry and was licensed to preach in 1842. He was minister of the Congregationalist Church of the Unity in Worcester, Massachusetts, from 1846 to 1856, then moved to South Congregational Church in Boston where he was minister until 1899. He married Emily Baldwin Perkins in 1852. Perhaps best known for the story "The Man Without a Country" (1863), Edward was a prolific writer with broad interests. He published works in a wide variety of genres from fiction to history to biography to memoir. Edward used his writings and the two magazines he founded, Old and New (1870-75) and Lend a Hand (1886-97), to advocate for a variety of causes including the abolition of slavery, religious tolerance, education reform, and positive social action. He was made chaplain of the U.S. Senate in 1903, a position he held until 1909. Edward Everett Hale was the only one of Nathan, Sr. and Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale's children to marry. His wife was Emily Baldwin Perkins (1829-1914) of Hartford, Connecticut. She was the daughter of Thomas Clap Perkins and Mary Foote Beecher and niece of Catharine Beecher, Henry Ward Beecher, Harriet Beecher Stowe, and Isabella Beecher Hooker. The younger children of Nathan, Sr. and Sarah Preston (Everett) Hale, were known as the "Three Little Ones." Like "We Four," they did many things as a unit. http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.htm 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 5 of 8 Alexander Hale (1829-50), known as "Elly," graduated from Harvard in 1848, then went to work as a civil engineer at the navy yard in Pensacola, Florida. He drowned there while attempting to rescue the crew of a ship in a storm on September 23, 1850. Charles Hale (1831-82, see DAB) attended Boston Latin School and Harvard, graduating in 1850. He worked on-and- off at the Daily Advertiser between 1850 and 1865. In 1852 he founded Today: A Boston Literary Journal which failed after one year. In 1855 he was elected to the Massachusetts House of Representatives and was chosen speaker in 1859. Ill health forced his resignation in 1861 and he spent much of the next few years traveling. Following the death of his friend William S. Thayer in 1864, Charles was offered Thayer's post, consul-general in Cairo, Egypt. During his years as consul-general, Charles maintained close ties with the Egyptian government and played an active role in the replacement of consular courts with the more professional and impartial mixed courts. From the time of his appointment, Charles was the subject of charges and suits brought by Francis Dainese, the man who had held the position of consul-general on a temporary basis before Charles. Though no allegations against him were proved, Dainese created enough controversy over the years that Charles was asked to resign in 1870. After returning to the U.S. in 1871, Charles was elected to the Massachusetts Senate and in 1872 he became Assistant Secretary of State. Charles returned to Boston after two years and was again elected to the state House of Representatives in 1876 and 1877. Declining mental and physical health, probably the result of syphilis, led to his eventual institutionalization. He died in 1882. Susan Hale (1833-1910, see ANB, DLB, NAW) was primarily educated at home by her mother and siblings. Susan lived at home until her parents' deaths in the 1860s. Like her sister Lucretia, Susan contributed to the family's resources beginning in the 1850s. She gave classes for children in the family's home and reviewed books for the Daily. After the death of their mother, she and Lucretia traveled abroad. In 1872, she studied painting in Paris and Weimar, Germany. Upon returning to Boston, she took rooms and gave classes in watercolor painting at the Boston Art Club. In addition to teaching, Susan wrote articles for Boston newspapers and "developed a specialty" of editing literary collections published as fundraisers for a variety of causes. A brilliant and delightful personality, Susan developed a very http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 6 of 8 popular series of two-week courses on fiction in which she lectured about, and read from, a variety of eighteenth-century English novelists (many of them women). In the 1880s and 90s, she became a literary celebrity, traveling the country giving her courses for charity. In the 1880s, she collaborated with Edward Everett Hale on the Family Flight series of travel books for young readers. She also published Self- Instructive Lessons in Painting with Oil and Water-Colors (1885) and several other books. While winters were spent traveling, Susan settled into Edward's summer house in Matunuck, Rhode Island, as a permanent summer home beginning in 1885. Here she hosted a wide variety of guests making "a delightful mecca for her young friends." She died at Matunuck in 1910. A volume of her collected letters was published posthumously. Generation IV: Children of Edward Everett and Emily (Perkins) Hale Edward and Emily had one daughter and eight sons of whom three (Alexander, Charles Alexander, and Henry Kidder) died in childhood. A fourth, Robert Beverly Hale, died as a young adult. Ellen Day Hale (1854-1939, see ANB), known as "Nelly," was an artist and art teacher. As the unmarried only daughter and eldest child in a large family with an often-ill mother, Ellen Day Hale spent a good portion of her time in household duties and family responsibilities. Nevertheless, she pursued a career as a professional artist and traveled, studied, and exhibited extensively. Ellen's first art lessons were probably given by her aunt Susan Hale. As a young woman, Ellen studied in Boston with William Rimmer, William Morris Hunt, and Helen Knowlton. She opened a portrait studio in 1877, took private students, assisted Knowlton and Rimmer, and taught at private grammar schools. In the early 1880s, she studied in Paris with Emile Carolus-Duran, Jean-Jacques Henner, and at the Academie Julian with Bougereau and Tony Robert-Fleury. Until the death of her father in 1909, Ellen's home-base was her parents' house in Roxbury, Massachusetts, though she spent extended periods traveling in Europe and all over the U.S. In 1883, on a visit to Philadelphia, Ellen met artist Gabrielle Clements, with whom Ellen made a home after the death of Emily Hale. In 1893, Clements bought a summer house in Folly Cove on Cape Ann, Massachusetts, an area popular among artists. Gabrielle, Ellen and their mothers spent a good portion of most summers at Folly Cove. At this popular summer colony Ellen and Gabrielle shared models http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 7 of 8 and techniques with other artists staying nearby. Ellen Day Hale built her own house there in 1912. Ellen and Gabrielle traveled extensively, usually to Europe, in the winter and returned to Folly Cove each summer. They made art until they became too frail to continue. Ellen Day Hale died in a nursing home in Brookline, Massachusetts in 1939. Arthur Hale (1859-1939) worked for the Pennsylvania Railroad Company and the American Railway Association. In 1899 he married Camilla Conner of Maryland. They had one daughter, Sybil. Philip Leslie Hale (1865-1931, see ANB) was an artist, writer, art historian, and art teacher. Educated at Boston Latin and Roxbury Latin Schools, Philip passed the entrance examination for Harvard, thus earning his father's permission to instead attend art school. He studied at the Boston Museum School in 1883 and then at the Art Students League in New York beginning in 1884. He went to Paris to study in the later 1880s and early 1890s returning for periods to Boston. In 1893, he was hired to teach drawing at the Boston Museum School, a position he held until his death. He taught drawing and lectured on art history and also gave private lessons. In addition to the Museum School, Philip gave classes at the Worcester Art Museum (1898-1910), the Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts (1913-28), and Boston University (1926-28). Philip Hale was also a writer. In the 1890s he wrote about the art scene in Paris for various magazines and newspapers. From 1905-09 he was art critic for the Boston Herald and contributed occasional articles to other Boston papers. His Jan Vermeer of Delft (1913) was the first American book about Vermeer. Philip Hale died as the result of a ruptured appendix in 1931. Philip Hale met his wife Lilian Clarke Westcott (1881-1963, see ANB) in 1901 at the Hartford, Connecticut, home of her uncle Charles Perkins. She was the daughter of businessman Edward Gardner Westcott and piano teacher Harriet Clarke. Lilian studied at the Hartford Art School (1897-1900) then won a scholarship to attend the Boston Museum School (1900-04). She married Philip Hale halfway through the course. Lilian's first solo show was in 1908, also the year of the birth of the Hales' only child, Anna Westcott Hale (1908- 88, see ANB), known as "Nancy" (see Nancy Hale Papers). Lilian made portraits, landscapes, and still lifes, exhibiting often through the 1920s. Philip Hale's sudden death in 1931 http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.html 9/15/2006 Hale Family Papers, 1787-1988 : Biographical/Historical Note Page 8 of 8 interrupted a period of intense activity. When she was able to return to making art, Lilian felt that her work "was out of step with the times." Still, she continued to produce. In 1953, she moved to Charlottesville, Virginia, to be closer to her daughter. She died while on a visit to her sister in St. Paul, Minnesota, in 1963. Edward Everett Hale, Jr. (1863-1932) known as "Jack" received an AB from Harvard in 1883 and a PhD from the University in Halle, Germany, in 1892. He taught English at Cornell University (1886-90) and the University of Iowa (1892-95), before settling into a long tenure at Union College in 1895. He was the author of Constructive Rhetoric (1896), Lowell (1899), Dramatists of Today (1905), Seward (1910), and Life and Letters of Edward Everett Hale (1917). He married Rose Postlethwaite Perkins in 1893. They had three sons: Maurice Perkins, Nathan, and Thomas Shaw Hale. Herbert Dudley Hale (1866-1908) received an AB from Harvard in 1888 then went to study architecture at the Ecole des Beaux Arts in Paris. He established the firm Hale and Rogers which had offices in New York City and Chicago. He married Margaret Curzon Marquand, known as Greta, in 1892. They had six children: Russell, Margaret, Herbert Dudley, Jr., Robert Beverly, Edward Everett III, and Laura. Herbert died at age 42 in 1908. Robert Beverly Hale (1869-95) was educated at Roxbury Latin School and Harvard College (AB, 1892). He wrote verses, stories, and articles which were published in a variety of magazines including Atlantic Monthly, Godey's, Harper's Weekly, and Youth's Companion. Elsie and Other Poems was published in 1894. He died October 6, 1895 after a short illness. A collection of his writings and drawings, Six Stories and Some Verses, was published posthumously. © 2003 Smith College. All rights reserved. Home Help About Search Encoding funded by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation. http://asteria.fivecolleges.edu/findaids/sophiasmith/mnsss90_bioghist.htm 9/15/2006 4 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page I of 2 P8 FirstSearch SOUTHERN NEW HAMPSHIRE UNIV Libraries that Own Item This screen shows libraries that own the item you selected. Staff View Options Comments Exit Home Databases Searching Results Hide tips List of Records Detailed Record Marked Records Go to page Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 1 WorldCat E-mail Print Return Help Author: Hale, Edward Everett Libraries with Item: ( Record for Item I Get This Item ) Location Library Code VA UNIV OF VIRGINIA VA@ Record for Item: PPRO ( Libraries with Item ) GET THIS ITEM Availability: Check the catalogs in your library. Libraries worldwide that own item: 1 FIND RELATED More Like This: Search for versions with same title and author Advanced options Find Items About: Hale, Edward Everett, (max: 89) Title: Papers, 1853-1907. Author(s): Hale, Edward Everett, 1822-1909. Year: 1853-1907 Description: 130 items. Language: English Standard No: LCCN: 88-797732 Abstract: Correspondence, photos, contract, quotations, and ms. of "Together (a Thanksgiving story)." Correspondence is both personal and business and concerns Hale's church, publication requests, literary work, lectures, engagements, manuscripts sent to him, autograph requests, condolences, and acknowledgments. Correspondents include William Eleazar Barton, Charles Deane, Ralph Waldo Finlda http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:next=html/holdings.html:ba.. 2/9/2004 FirstSearch: Libraries that Own Item Page 2 of 2 James rieius, FIANKIIII naivey neau, menry Wadsworth Longfellow, S.S. McClure, and George Pellew. SUBJECT(S) Descriptor: American literature -- 19th century. Unitarian churches -- Clergy. Unitarian churches -- Massachusetts. Named Person: Barton, William Eleazar, 1861-1930 -- Correspondence. Deane, Charles, 1813-1889 -- Correspondence. Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 1803-1882 -- Correspondence. Fields, James Thomas, 1817-1881 -- Correspondence. Head, F. H. (Franklin Harvey), 1832-1914 -- Correspondence. Longfellow, Henry Wadsworth, 1807-1882 -- Correspondence. McClure, S. S. (Samuel Sidney), 1857-1949 -- Correspondence. Pellew, George, 1859-1892 -- Correspondence. Geographic: Boston (Mass.) -- Churches and religious affairs -- Unitarian. Massachusetts -- Cultural affairs -- Literature. Massachusetts -- Churches and religious affairs -- Unitarian. Note(s): Forms part of the repository's Clifton Waller Barrett Library of American Literature./Bio/History: Unitarian clergyman, of Boston, Mass. General Info: Finding aid published in: National Inventory of Documentary Sources in the United States, microfiche 4.19.829./ Purchases and deposit, 1962-1971./ Occupation: Clergy/ Massachusetts./ Authors, American/ Massachusetts. Other Titles: Barrett Library of American Literature in the University of Virginia Library. Entry: 19880728 Update: 20020418 Document Type: Archival Material Accession No: OCLC: 28409678 Database: WorldCat Current database: WorldCat Total Libraries: 1 WorldCat E-mail Print Return Help English Español Français Options Comments Exit OC © 1992-2004 OCLC LC Terms & Conditions http://firstsearch.oclc.org/WebZ/FSFETCH?fetchtype=holdings:next=html/holdings.html:ba...: 2/9/2004