Dunham, E.K. Message Page 1 of 1 Epp, Ronald From: Lance Funderburk [Ifunder@acadia.net] Sent: Monday, January 12, 2004 8:09 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: E.K. Dunham & Mr. Dorr Dear Ron, Happy New Year, a bit late. Please forgive my delay in replying to your earlier e-mail. We have been hit hard by 3 deaths of close friends, all within a 3 week period over the holidays, and are feeling rather shattered and depressed. It is difficult to collect myself and move ahead while I'm still grieving, and there is one impending death of a dear friend in PA whose cancer has come back and is killing her. I suppose this will happen more and more often as I age, but Robert was 8 years younger than me and Emily is 20 years younger. I want to howl at the unfairness of it all. Thank you for your kind words on my preview of Paul Richardson's book. Paul is currently in Florida but will be back and forth a few times this winter. I don't know his address there. Locally he lives in Otter Creek (which has lost its post office and is now considered part of Mt. Desert postally). Paul S. Richardson; Otter Creek; Mt. Desert, ME 04660 should reach him. The correct phone # is 207/288-4949. I don't have an e-mail address for him, but perhaps the Historical Soc. does. I thought I had told you of Paul's work, but I guess I forgot. Sorry. Thank you for your kind offer to copy Stebbins correspondence from the Rockefeller Archives for me. At this point I am so disorganized that I can't think straight, so I feel it would be wiser not to get involved with that right now. At least I know that the material is there, safe and sound, so if I ever need to see it, I know where to apply. Lance and I plan to visit our friends in PA from March 1 - 14, so will be away for that period. I hope we'll get to see you on your next visit to the Island. I shall forward your most recent note to my cousin Edith Dunham Crowley (she was married last fall to a delightful fellow whom we all like very much). So glad you are enjoying the map. Warmest wishes to you both for the New Year, Anne 6/2/2004 Page 1 of 3 Ronald Epp From: "Lance Funderburk" To: "Ronald Epp" Sent: Wednesday, July 02, 2003 7:31 PM Subject: Re: George Ledyard Stebbins Dear Ron, Ten o'clock on the morning of Friday, July 11th, would be fine for me, and I look forward to meeting you. A small point, however: are you allergic to cats? (Because we have one who likes visitors.) Will you be coming from Bar Harbor that morning or from the Northeast Harbor - Somesville area? I ask because it will make a difference in how I write your directions. Also, will you have someone with you and would you both care to stay for lunch? If so, are there any foods to which you are allergic or cannot eat? If you have been working with Debbie Burch, I assume that you have probably seen all the GLS material in the Seal Harbor Library (unless your focus has been primarily on the VIS, which was co-founded by my grandfather's cousin, Mary Dows Dunham, wife of Dr. Edward Kellogg Dunham. In that case you have probably seen most of the Dunham Family papers, although my cousin Edith Dunham has found quite a wealth of material while organizing "Wayside" after her father's death last year I don't know if there are references to Dorr in what she has found, but she has shared with me some letters from my mother's grandfather to her own great-grandmother, as well as some early letters from GLS signed "T.O.B." for The Old Bean.) The Old Bean was the son of Mary Mairs Dows and Charles Masters Stebbins. Mary M. Dows was the sister of David Dows, whose 5 daughters ALL built houses on MDI: 4 in Seal Harbor and 1 in Northeast Harbor. 2 of the 4 Seal Harbor houses still stand and are lived in. If you are interested in the genealogies of these families, I can probably help you out. Best regards, Anne Original Message From: Ronald Epp To: Lance Funderburk Cc: r.epp@snhu.edu Sent: Wednesday, July 02, 2003 4:28 PM Subject: Re: George Ledyard Stebbins Dear Mrs. Funderburk, How kind of you to provide the hospitality of your home for our visit next week! The opportunity to review with you some "family papers" is very much appreciated. Would 10 a.m. Friday (the 11th) be agreeable? Although I pride myself on my abilities navigating with a map, directions to your home would be appreciated. The kind of information that you have provided thus far is exactly what I have in mind as to both detail and color. Yes, I have worked with Debbie Burch at the Seal Harbor Library reviewing the first 30 years of the Village Improvement Association records; however, she did not direct me to any additional information on your grandfather. I will pursue this with her. I am quite familiar with Vandebergh's pictorial history of Seal Harbor as well as the 2001 edition of Samuel Eliot Morison's History of Mt. Desert. I've been communicating with Ann Rockefeller Roberts trying to arrange a meeting with her but thus far our calendars are not in tandem. David Rockefeller is also on my list of important residents whom I need to approach since I am hopeful that he may have recollections of Mr. Dorr that were not included in his recently published memoirs. 7/4/2003 Page 2 of 3 Please confirm that this time remains suitable for you. By the way, please do call me "Ron." Ron Epp Original Message From: Lance Funderburk To: Ronald Epp Sent: Tuesday, July 01, 2003 2:32 PM Subject: Re: George Ledyard Stebbins Dear Dr. Epp: Thank you for your note(s) and sorry I missed a key stroke to give you the wrong e-mail address. I am left-handed, and as soon as I start to build up any speed on a keyboard all sorts of strange things happen, such as reversals, Pomissions and the like. Friday, July 11th, is almost entirely clear on my calendar, so whatever time is best for you will probably work well for me. Location is not a concern either. If you would like to visit our house in Seal Harbor we might go through some of the family papers in my possession (they aren't organized). The Seal Harbor Library has some of his papers, but their hours are unpredictable and their catalogue exists primarily in the Librarian's head. My cousin, Lydia Bodman Vandenbergh, has written an interesting little pictorial history of the Village, "Seal Harbor Revisited", of which I have a copy. You might find it useful if you've not already encountered it. There are also references to The Old Bean in Samuel Eliot Morison's book on Mt. Desert and in Anne Rockefeller Roberts' book, "Mr. Rockefeller's Roads". Essentially my grandfather wanted to keep the Village as unspoiled as possible and to protect the rights of the people who had been living there for several generations prior to his advent on the scene. Seal Harbor was a small, quiet and peaceful community, and he wanted to keep it that way, while providing as much employment for the year-round residents as he could. Whenever a major question of policy arose, he tried to think of how the possible answers would affect the whole community, not just the summer people. He was, as a result, loved, admired, respected and trusted by almost everyone in Seal Harbor. He had a gentle sense of humor, but I never heard him use it to put another person down. He had tremendous respect for the natural world and taught me (as a very small child) the English and Latin names of our most common wild-flowers. He also taught me never to pick a flower from the wayside, but rather to leave it there for the next person to enjoy. I don't know if this is the kind of information you want. Pleae let me know when and where you'd like to meet. Yours truly, AnneStebbins Funderburk Original Message From: Ronald Epp To: Ifunder@acadia.net Sent: Tuesday, July 01, 2003 12:00 PM Subject: Fw: George Ledyard Stebbins Original Message From: Ronald Epp To: Ifunder@cadia.net Cc: r.epp@snhu.edu Sent: Tuesday, July 01, 2003 9:16 AM 7/4/2003 Page 3 of 3 Subject: George Ledyard Stebbins Dear Mrs. Funderburk, My wife and just returned from a vacation in New York State. Thank you for the phone message and the warm letter. I am delighted to hear that you are willing and available to meet with me when I visit next week. I am still in the process of arranging other appointments but at the present time Friday, the 11th, looks most promising. Where would it be best to meet with you? Since the email address on your letter looked as though the "a" before acadia might have been omitted, would you please confirm receipt of this? I'll be in touch again by Thursday. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH 03106 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 603-645-9685 fax 7/4/2003 Message Page 1 of 1 Epp, Ronald From: Lance Funderburk [Ifunder@acadia.net] Sent: Monday, January 12, 2004 8:09 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: E.K. Dunham & Mr. Dorr Dear Ron, Happy New Year, a bit late. Please forgive my delay in replying to your earlier e-mail. We have been hit hard by 3 deaths of close friends, all within a 3 week period over the holidays, and are feeling rather shattered and depressed. It is difficult to collect myself and move ahead while I'm still grieving, and there is one impending death of a dear friend in PA whose cancer has come back and is killing her. I suppose this will happen more and more often as I age, but Robert was 8 years younger than me and Emily is 20 years younger. I want to howl at the unfairness of it all. Thank you for your kind words on my preview of Paul Richardson's book. Paul is currently in Florida but will be back and forth a few times this winter. I don't know his address there. Locally he lives in Otter Creek (which has lost its post office and is now considered part of Mt. Desert postally). Paul S. Richardson; Otter Creek; Mt. Desert, ME 04660 should reach him. The correct phone # is 207/288-4949. I don't have an e-mail address for him, but perhaps the Historical Soc. does. I thought I had told you of Paul's work, but I guess I forgot. Sorry. Thank you for your kind offer to copy Stebbins correspondence from the Rockefeller Archives for me. At this point [ am so disorganized that I can't think straight, so I feel it would be wiser not to get involved with that right now. At least I know that the material is there, safe and sound, so if I ever need to see it, I know where to apply. Lance and I plan to visit our friends in PA from March 1 - 14, so will be away for that period. I hope we'll get to see you on your next visit to the Island. I shall forward your most recent note to my cousin Edith Dunham Crowley (she was married last fall to a delightful fellow whom we all like very much). So glad you are enjoying the map. Warmest wishes to you both for the New Year, Anne 1/13/2004 Message Page 1 of 2 Epp, Ronald From: Epp, Ronald Sent: Monday, January 12, 2004 12:52 PM To: 'Ifunder@acadia.net' Cc: Epp, Ronald Subject: E.K. Dunham & Mr. Dorr Dear Anne, 207-296- Just a followup to my earlier message over the holidays. 3753. Would you let your cousin Edith know that I will contact her regarding our meeting to discuss the Dunham Family when I next visit MDI in early March, if that is feasible for her. I'll give her a call in the next few weeks following some additional research. I plan to revisit the Smith College Archives within the next couple of weeks to examine relevant folders in the Edward Kellogg Dunham Papers, 1871-1931. As with any materials that Edith Dunham may possess, I'm especially interested in Smith College archival correspondence, manuscripts, memorabilia, and photographs reagarding Seal Harbor between 1890 and 1930. Over the weekend my wife and I mounted the Lynam Insurance Co., Bar Harbor map (c. 1937) that you were kind enough to give me when you hosted me last year. It is now hanging in my study and provides me with a useful point of reference regarding property owners and locations. Thank you once again. Hope we can meet on my next visit. With warmest regards, Ron Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. Director of Shapiro Library Southern New Hampshire University Manchester, NH 03106 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 603-645-9685 fax 1/12/2004 Cambridge, Mass., , 26 April 1922 Dear Mrs. Dunham: Mrs. Eliot and I were greatly shocked by the news of the death of your husband on April 15th, - news which did not reach us till several days later. We had always supposed that he was free from chronic disease, and was not unfavorably affected by the very steady work for other people and for his science, to which he was so devoted. We cannot imagine how his place at Seal Harbor is to be supplied; for no summer resident there had anything resembling his influence with the native people of Seal Harbor. We send you our deepest sympathy in your great bereavement, and beg that you will tell us about your own health and strength, and your plans for the maintenance of that part of your family life which still remains to you. Sincerely yours Charles h-lliok [Eliet] Mrs. E. K. Dunham Cambridge, Mass. 22 October 1924 Dear Mrs. Dunham: I attended yesterday the first of the two lectures by Willem Einthoven under the Edward K. Dunham lectureship for the promotion of the medical sciences, and was very sorry that you were prevented from being present. I am sure you would have liked very much what Dr. Edsall said about your husband and the foundation in his honor which you have established. Dr. Dakin was an attentive listener and says he can repeat it all to you. I was entirely contented with it, having in mind both you and your husband. Dr. Edsall quoted two admirable passages from your letter to the President and Fellows of Harvard College stating the terms of your gift. The lecture itself was very learned and interesting although given in a weak voice and in a language foreign to the speaker. The audience was a very appropriate one - large and very attentive, but I don't feel so sure that it will be as good today. I have another engagement and cannot go myself. Dr. Dakin told me that you were doing too much work and that nobody could help it. I hope to hear that you have reformed in this respect. Sincerely yours, Charles Eliot Mrs. Edward K. Dunham Cambridge, Mass., , 30 December 1924 Dear Mrs. Dunham: Yes, we both love the view from your terrace looking westward. Both the near view and the farther view of four different distances are delightful. I hope you are having a calm and well- occupied winter with daily driving out and with the happy sight of your grandchildren now and then. The looking at grandchildren and great grandchildren is what holds me up. Then I am tended by Mrs. Charles Eliot or her daughter Grace spending the night in this house and reading to me every evening since my wife died. Also all four of the servants who were warmly attached to Mrs. Eliot remain with me and seem to think they are going to stay as long as I live. I hope you have similar com- forts and supports. Affectionately yours Mrs. E. K. Dunham Epp, Ronald From: Muffy Eastman [Muffy_Eastman@umit.maine.edu] Sent: Tuesday, January 27, 2004 3:42 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: MDI Clean Milk & Dr. Dunham "Epp, Ronald" r.epp@snhu.edu> writes: >Dear Muffy, > >A year ago (1.21.03) we exchanged some emails regarding my research on >Mr. George Dorr and our separate efforts to plum the holdings of the Rockefeller Archive Center. > >You were in my mind yesterday as I sat in the Sophia Smith special >collection facility at Smith College examining the Dunham Family Papers. > >Have you seen this collection? It is extensive! You can find it on the >Smith College Library web pages via their online catalog. They also have >an online finding aid that provides a thirty page list of box/folder content. Box 24, folder 10 contains about fifty pages of documentation on the Seal Harbor milk supply contamination issue with much of it focused on JDR Jr., the Richardson farm, but also letters from Seal Harbor school children. I can't say how much overlap there is with what you saw at the RAC. The Sophia Smith Collection also contains several public exhibits on the Dunham Family. > >For all I know your interests may now be directed elsewhere but I >thought you might want to pursue this. > > > >Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. >Director of Shapiro Library >Southern New Hampshire University >Manchester, NH 03106 Hello Ronald, Nice to hear from you. I hope your research is going well. I've been on task all day, so it's nice to get a message that I can respond to! I have been wanting to see that collection, and I've postponed a visit there a couple of times due to illness in my family. I am at risk of over-researching on this dissertation and since it's already been more than five years since I sat for comprehensive exams, I'm ready to be finished!!! So, I do not plan to check it out until I have at least a completed first draft. Then I'll have a better idea of what will be the most useful for finishing this current project. I have been curious about it, though. I interviewed two Dunham family members, including Dr. Edward K. Dunham III, who lived in Seal Harbor until his death last year. He referred me to his cousin, who is an independent scholar, and she shared some of the collection that has not yet been deposited at Smith. Many of the documents that I found at RAC, correspondence between JDR, Jr. and Mary Dows Dunham, mostly, were the same as those that Ed Dunham's cousin shared with me, only she had the copies of MDD's letters and the originals of JDR Jr's and RAC had the originals of hers and the copies of his. Thanks for reminding me of this collection, though. I was just writing a piece today about anti-fly campaigns and I'd noticed that Dr. Dunham had presented on this topic at a symposium in Bar Harbor in 1915. One dilemma I have is that my project is about the local dynamics of public health and these wealthy, well-educated people "from away" were not "local," even though they were Maine taxpayers. But still, they're the ones who left the great records!! Best wishes, 1 Epp, Ronald From: Muffy Eastman ([Muffy_Eastman@umit.maine.edu] Sent: Tuesday, January 27, 2004 3:42 PM To: Epp, Ronald Subject: Re: MDI Clean Milk & Dr. Dunham "Epp, Ronald" xr.epp@snhu.edux writes: >Dear Muffy, > >A year ago (1.21.03) we exchanged some emails regarding my research on >Mr. George Dorr and our separate efforts to plum the holdings of the Rockefeller Archive Center. > >You were in my mind yesterday as I sat in the Sophia Smith special >collection facility at Smith College examining the Dunham Family Papers. > >Have you seen this collection? It is extensive! You can find it on the >Smith College Library web pages via their online catalog. They also have >an online finding aid that provides a thirty page list of box/folder content. Box 24, folder 10 contains about fifty pages of documentation on the Seal Harbor milk supply contamination issue with much of it focused on JDR Jr., the Richardson farm, but also letters from Seal Harbor school children. I can't say how much overlap there is with what you saw at the RAC. The Sophia Smith Collection also contains several public exhibits on the Dunham Family. > >For all I know your interests may now be directed elsewhere but I >thought you might want to pursue this. > > > >Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. >Director of Shapiro Library >Southern New Hampshire University >Manchester, NH 03106 Hello Ronald, Nice to hear from you. I hope your research is going well. I've been on task all day, so it's nice to get a message that I can respond to! I have been wanting to see that collection, and I've postponed a visit there a couple of times due to illness in my family. I am at risk of over-researching on this dissertation and since it's already been more than five years since I sat for comprehensive exams, I'm ready to be finished!!! So, I do not plan to check it out until I have at least a completed first draft. Then I'll have a better idea of what will be the most useful for finishing this current project. I have been curious about it, though. I interviewed two Dunham family members, including Dr. Edward K. Dunham III, who lived in Seal Harbor until his death last year. He referred me to his cousin, who is an independent scholar, and she shared some of the collection that has not yet been deposited at Smith. Many of the documents that I found at RAC, correspondence between JDR, Jr. and Mary Dows Dunham, mostly, were the same as those that Ed Dunham's cousin shared with me, only she had the copies of MDD's letters and the originals of JDR Jr's and RAC had the originals of hers and the copies of his. Thanks for reminding me of this collection, though. I was just writing a piece today about anti-fly campaigns and I'd noticed that Dr. Dunham had presented on this topic at a symposium in Bar Harbor in 1915. One dilemma I have is that my project is about the local dynamics of public health and these wealthy, well-educated people "from away" were not "local," even though they were Maine taxpayers. But still, they're the ones who left the great records!! Best wishes, 1 Muffy Martha A. Eastman Doctoral Candidate, Department of History The University of Maine Phone (207) 942-4311 eastman@maine.edu 2 10 hit 3/03 Fall 2002 the elite institutions in American higher local people came to accept public health education. recommendations, such as the importance of As foundations explored ways to improve keeping milk clean. Mount Desert, Bar Harbor, college financing for the disadvantaged, the Great Tremont and Southwest Harbor are the towns on Society of Lyndon B .Johnson initiated federal Mount Desert Island, located on the coast of efforts through the College Work Study Program Maine in Hancock County. Seal Harbor, where and the Economic Opportunity Grants. For the John D. Rockefeller, Jr. had a summer home, is first time ever, federal monies were awarded one of several coastal villages located in the town based on financial need. Colleges used these of Mount Desert. new unexpected funds as a part of packages of I reviewed documents in the Seal Harbor financial aid that included RF funds. In actuality, section of the Homes Series in the Rockefeller the combination often resulted in RF funds Family Archives. These materials have high- helping support more students than originally lighted the public health contributions of summer proposed. The selective colleges learned how to residents, particularly their efforts to ensure a work with a population wholly foreign to them. In the process, they frequently reported that they learned as much from the new poor and minority students as the students were learning from them. Today, the federal TRIO programs serve almost 750,000 participants and are approaching the billion-dollar level of federal funding. Federal funds for student financial aid will exceed $10.9 billion in 2003. In SO many ways, the rather small seeds planted by the RF and RBF, along with Ford and Carnegie, have expanded into substantial private and federal efforts that "Bismarck directing a whirlwind campaign!" Mary Dows Dunham, a civic leader among the summer residents of Seal continue to enable poor youth to escape from Harbor, Maine, inscribed this picture of herself on the Village poverty through higher education. They began Green when she sent it to John D. Rockefeller, Jr., ca. 1929. to teach institutions of higher learning how to work with talented but poorly prepared youth. safe milk supply. Social class interests figured Their contribution to the intellectual, spiritual and prominently in these activities in Seal Harbor, economic wealth of the nation has proven that since the summer residents were mainly the initial investments were well made. concerned with their own milk supply and not with the milk supply of the year-round residents. Although summer residents were initially looking Clean Milk and the Emergence out for themselves, their efforts raised the of Public Health in Mount standard of clean milk on Mount Desert Island. Desert, Maine, 1910-1930 In 1930 they supported Bar Harbor's organization of a local health department and this develop- By Martha A. Eastman ment no doubt led to cleaner milk for both summer and year-round island residents. visited the Rockefeller Archive Center in I Accustomed to urban communicable disease June 2002 as part of my ongoing dissertation epidemics, Mount Desert summer residents in research about the local dynamics of rural the early 20th century recognized the need for public health in Maine from 1910-1950. I am public health services and supported these particularly interested in the interaction between activities with their expertise, time and money. early health officials and the rural public and why Several prominent Seal Harbor summer residents Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports 11 did not favor pasteurization of milk and expected year-round residents depended on income from their milk supply to be handled properly SO that summer residents for their livelihood throughout the bacteria counts would remain low without it. the year. Public health was a concern in part For many summer residents, clean milk was because the population of Mount Desert Island among the amenities in Seal Harbor that provided expanded SO much each summer and the safety them respite from the many problems of urban of the milk supply was important to summer life at a time when milk-borne diseases were residents and visitors. prevalent and the science of bacteriology had not The correspondence between Rockefeller and yet filtered down to rural farms. While summer his friend Mary Dows Dunham about their village residents worried about their milk supply, many improvement activities, particularly about their local, year-round residents did not have access to efforts to maintain a clean milk supply for Seal clean milk. Harbor summer residents, illustrates the summer By the end of the 19th century increasing residents' upper-class position in relation to their numbers of wealthy summer residents spent a few local, year-round neighbors. Many members of weeks or months between May and October in the local community in Mount Desert were the villages of Mount Desert Island. Over time, grateful for the financial assistance, philanthropy, many became involved in community activities to advice and jobs that summer residents like improve sanitation, to create recreational facilities, Rockefeller and Dows Dunham provided, but to support local public health nursing services most still lived in poverty and had difficult lives and to build a hospital. They formed village during the fall, winter and spring. Both the improvement societies with volunteer committees summer residents and the year-round local that dealt with garbage and raised funds for residents in Mount Desert were dependent on community projects. each other - the locals for work and the summer Summer residents were the major players in residents for services - and they each had their village improvement societies and the sanitation own agendas. The local, year-round residents committees' volunteer service preceded official regularly inflated work prices for summer people, public health inspections. Over time they which led summer residents to believe that the influenced the development of an official health locals were often dishonest. Despite the fact that department in Bar Harbor in 1930 and instigated living on Mount Desert Island year-round formal milk inspections by a trained professional. required hard work, frugality and resourceful- In the 1910s and 1920s, though, members of the ness, summer residents believed that the locals Sanitation Committee of the Seal Harbor Village were in general less intelligent and needed Improvement Society conducted private milk supervision. The summer residents believed inspections. Apart from this work, a group of that no farmer on the island was capable of summer residents, including John D. Rockefeller, producing milk that was clean enough without Jr., provided loans to a farmer who agreed to their knowledgeable guidance. follow their instructions for supplying the Seal Coming from New York City, Rockefeller and Harbor summer residents with clean milk. Dows Dunham were aware of the potential health In 1910 Rockefeller purchased and expanded hazards of a dirty milk supply. Numerous news- "The Eyrie," a large summer home in Seal paper articles in the city discussed the dangers Harbor. The records at the Rockefeller Archive of diseases carried in milk, especially during Center provide a snapshot of the activities of the warmer months. By 1910 urban people, particu- "summer colony" in Mount Desert during the larly those with some knowledge of bacteriology, early twentieth century, as well as of the summer understood that healthy persons could be typhoid residents' relationships with their "native" carriers and that safeguarding public health neighbors. Many of the year-round residents required an organized effort, including health worked as maids, cooks, gardeners, chauffeurs inspections, regulations and enforcement. In and laborers for the summer residents and many addition to their high expectations, some summer Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports 13 Since the milk house was not rebuilt until two residents with milk, Richardson had started buy- years later, Richardson no doubt needed to work ing milk from other farmers to deliver to his even harder to maintain the low bacteria counts customers, leading to the need for supervision of in the milk during that time. those farmers, too. The report argued for "simpli- By the late 1920s Richardson's milk was very fication of sanitary supervision," suggesting that clean in comparison to the rural milk supply in a better option than supporting Richardson would general. Dows Dunham frequently highlighted be to hire a particular college-educated farmer this point in her correspondence to Rockefeller who had demonstrated his "intelligence" and and others by quoting the bacterial counts in "initiative" by staying out of debt. Since this man Richardson's milk and the counts of other had sold his farm and was not available at that farmers' milk on the island. "I was in my point to become their milk supplier, Richardson laboratory at half past seven Sunday morning," remained the top choice "by default." she reported to Rockefeller on June 30, 1928, By 1929 four different farmers were supplying "counting the milk cultures I had put in the milk to the summer residents in Seal Harbor, and incubator on Friday. Richardson's milk was not the work involved with monitoring the safety of above 3000, and Stanley's was 5000. This very low the milk from these farms was becoming too count is largely due to the cold weather, constant much for Dows Dunham. In her sixties by that rain and so, lack of dust. I also examined time, she was well known throughout the island Salisbury's milk, just for my own interest. He is for her milk examination and sanitation expertise, the man who is delivering milk now to the and she was reluctant to stop her work until other natives; his ran about 25,000, just under certified milk inspection services were available. milk. I was surprised to find it as good as it was, Correspondence indicates that the summer for the man has had no instructions as yet in residents considered various options for relieving caring for the milk. I think that with a little help Dows Dunham of her inspection tasks. Finally, in and a few suggestions, his milk can be kept May 1930, after studying the feasibility for a year, reasonably clean." the town of Bar Harbor decided to hire a full-time Dows Dunham functioned as a volunteer milk health officer. With $2,000 in contributions from inspector for Seal Harbor, and she was pleased to summer residents, they employed A. A. report that the farmer she supervised had the Robertson, who had trained at Harvard and cleanest milk. Richardson by this time had given M.I.T. and who had worked in public health for up supplying his year-round customers with milk nine years in Quincy, Massachusetts. Dows and was supplying milk only to the summer Dunham turned over the task of the Seal Harbor residents. Salisbury had picked up these local milk examination to him the following year. customers and many of them were not pleased Documents at the Rockefeller Archive Center with the quality of his milk in comparison to illustrate how important Dows Dunham and other Richardson's. summer residents were in the development of Despite the low bacteria counts in Richardson's public health services in coastal resort communi- milk, his farm received an unfavorable rating in ties. By having influential connections at promi- the Report to the Milk Committee of the Seal nent universities, hospitals and research facilities, Harbor Village Improvement Society that Dows summer residents were valuable participants on Dunham's son, Edward K. Dunham, Jr., compiled Village Improvement Society committees. The in November 1929. Richardson was still in debt to summer residents had high expectations for how his financiers for $5,000, despite the fact that clean their milk should be, and although their Dows Dunham and her sister had each canceled efforts helped to improve the milk supply, they his notes to them totaling $3,233. The report also kept their primary milk supplier in a judged that Richardson's barn was too small and dependent position by giving him interest-bearing that the poor drainage created an unsanitary loans that he had difficulty repaying. Desiring situation. In order to supply more summer milk that was pure enough not to require pasteur- Rockefeller Archive Center Research Reports 27 scientists would use to understand these Martha A. Eastman is a doctoral candidate in countries were freed of the influence of the History at the University of Maine focusing on 20th ideological struggle against totalitarianism. century American history. She first became interested In other words, the existence of this desire in no in the history of public health when she worked as a way contradicts the account of the social scientific public health nurse during the mid-1980s. Eastman is a 1976 graduate of Eastern Maine Medical Center gaze given above. The influence of this gaze School of Nursing and she received her B.S. degree in on the actual implementation of economic aid nursing in 1981. She also holds an M.S. degree in programs remains to be investigated. community health nursing from Boston University. In addition to the history of public health, her research interests include women's history, aging and popular About the Contributors culture. She can be reached at eastman@maine.edu John Groutt served as Project Director for the David Ciepley, a Mellon post-doc at Washington Upward Bound Program at the University of Maryland University in St. Louis, recently received his Ph.D. Eastern Shore for twenty-seven years. He is a Fellow from The Committee on Social Thought at the of the Council for Opportunity in Education in University of Chicago. His revised dissertation, Washington, D.C. and is currently researching the "Liberalism in the Shadow of Totalitarianism The history of the Federal TRIO programs for a book. Problem of Authority and Values since WW II," is His recent publications include "Upward Bound: In the under review at Harvard University Press. His Beginning" co-authored with Calvin Hill (Opportunity publications include "Why the State was Dropped in Outlook, April 2001) and two articles scheduled for the First Place: A Prequel to Skocpol's 'Bringing the publication: "Upward Bound" in The Encyclopedia of State Back In," Critical Review 2-3 (2000); and Education (Macmillan, 2003) and "Milestones in TRIO "Democracy Despite Public Ignorance: A Weberian History" in Opportunity Outlook (two parts in Fall 2002 Reply to Somin and Friedman," Critical Review 1-2 and Spring 2003). He can be reached at jwgroutt@ (1999). His current research interests include the hotmail.com. history of liberal civilization and its complicated Catherine Gavin Loss is a doctoral candidate at relationship with Christian civilization, and the study the University of Virginia, where she studies the of America through the lens of cultural anthropology. history of education. She is currently completing He can be reached at ciepley@alumni.princeton.edu her dissertation, which explores the relationship Gisela Cramer is a Visiting Professor at the History between public education and the rise of psychological Department of the Universidad Nacional de Colombia expertise in postwar American life. She can be in Bogotá where she teaches Latin American and contacted at cag2b@virginia.edu. German history. Her current research focuses on U.S. Paul Weindling is Wellcome Trust Research policies designed to influence public opinion in Latin Professor in the History of Medicine in the School of America during World War II. Her previous work and Arts and Humanities, Oxford Brookes University. dissertation explored Argentina's political economy He is the author of Health, Race and German Politics between 1930 and 1946. She is the author of between National Unification and Nazism (1989) and Argentinien im Schatten des Zweiten Weltkriegs Epidemics and Genocide in Eastern Europe 1890-1945 (Stuttgart 1999) and of various articles on the (2000), and editor of International Health contemporary history of Argentina. She can be Organisations and Movements 1918-1939 (1995). contacted at the Universidad Nacional de Colombia, His research interests include international health Depto. de Historia, Bogotá, Colombia or by email at organizations in the 20th century, the medical gisela.cramer@gmx.de emigration to Britain, 1930s-40s, and Nazi medical war Marcos Cueto is a researcher at the Instituto de crimes prosecuted at the Nuremberg Medical Trial. Estudios Peruanos and professor at the Universidad He has compiled a database on Medical Refugees in Peruana Cayetano Heredia, in Lima, Peru. He recently the United Kingdom, covering over 4600 doctors, published The Return of Epidemics: Health and Society dental surgeons, medical scientists and biologists, in 20th Century Peru. His present research interests and nurses who came to Britain as a result of Nazism include the history of malaria in Latin America. and the Second World War. He can be contacted at He can be reached at mcueto@upch.edu.pe pjweindling@brookes.ac.uk. Rockefeller Archive Center Page 1 of 2 Ronald Epp From: "Muffy Eastman" To: "Ronald Epp" Sent: Tuesday, January 21, 2003 2:51 PM Subject: Re: "Clean Milk in Mount Desert" "Ronald Epp" writes: >I'm working on an intellectual biography of Mr. Dorr but my research has broadened to issues far beyond those documented in the dispersed archives of the National Park Service. I recall recently seeing several folders in the Seal Harbor boxes >concerned with public health and contamination. I did not initially investigate these folders but in the last two months my research has become more focused on issues of sanitation of the water supply, especially water secured from Eagle Lake. I >wonder whether your research investigated MDI water sanitation controversies. > >It pleases me to know that we share an interest in related resources especially since SO much of this kind of scholarship is solitary. > Dear Dr. Epp, Thanks for your message. Yes I'm interested in water sanitation too. I remember Mr. Dorr, but I'm not sure why I would have copied letters from him to JDR, Jr. I think what documents I have relate to the early development of the park and the impact of road construction on drainage, perhaps increasing the possibility for pollution of water supplies. Also, there was a controversy about Rockefeller's plan to build a livery stable. I can't remember where, but it might have been near Eagle Lake. It's interesting that the milk had to be SO clean, but when the year-round residents worried about the potential water pollution due to the proximity of the stable to the water supply, the proponents of the project got Dr. Kast (I think it was) from NYC and the Bar Harbor Village Improvement Association to say the risk of polluting the water was small. Of course most of the wealthy summer residents used water filters attached to the tap, which the locals probably couldn't afford. > > I'd be interested to hear more about your investigation of water sanitation controversies on MDI. Was Dorr an advocate of water conservation? Or did he favor development and minimize the environmental risks? I plan to spend some time with the records of the Bar Harbor Village Improvement Association before next summer, since the island is a much more relaxed place this time of year. I don't know if this is relevant to your research, but my investigation of water pollution in the Town of Madison between 1910 and 1916 has led me to the Maine Public Utilities Commission, which was created by the Maine Legislature in 1915, I think. It seems that the Maine Legislature was reluctant to enact legislation to create a water sanitation policy and many communities were dealing with typhoid epidemics at the same time they were trying to attract summer visitors. The Maine Board of Health did not have the power in 1915 to prevent water companies from using polluted water sources, but the Public Utilities Commission could. Best wishes, [Muffy [Marthe] A. Eastman, Ph.] candidate, u.of Maine] 1/21/2003