Bumpus, Hermin Carey - Herman Carey Bumpus Page 1 of 2 Hermon Carey Bumpus (1862-1943) was born in Maine in 1862. He was a biologist and president (1902+) of the American Museum of National History. Later active in conservation movement, e.g., in establishment of Big Bend National Park. Bumpus received a Ph.B. from Brown in 1884, specializing in biology and science. He began graduate at work at Brown before going on to teach at Olivet College in Michigan. Bumpus received his Phd. from Clark University in 1891 and then went on to become professor of Comparative Zoology at Brown. Bumpus received an honorary Doctor of Science from Tufts in 1905 and an honorary LL.D. from Clark in 1909. He directed the Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole and the American Museum of Natural History. Among his biological contributions, Bumpus may be known best for his measurements of wing size of a flock of sparrows killed by a snowstorm in 1899. Relative to the rest of the population, more birds with abnormally long or short wings were killed. This finding has become a classic example of stabilizing selection. In his career he held a number of positions including Assistant in zoology, Brown, 1884-1886; Professor of zoology, Olivet College, 1886-1889; Fellowship, Clark University, 1889-1890; Assistant professor of zoology, 1890-1891; Associate professor of biology, 1891-1892; and Professor of comparative anatomy, 1892-1901. He established a summer school for biology students, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods' Hole, 1889 and served as Assistant director, 1893-1895. He was scientific director, Marine Biological Laboratory, 1895-1900 and Assistant to the president and curator of invertebrate zoology, 1900-1902, and Member Board of Trustees, 1895-1942; Bumpus also served as Business Manager, University of Wisconsin, 1911-1914 and became President of Tufts in 1914-19, after serving as Business Manager of the University of Wisconsin (1911-1914). He was the first President that was not a Universalist, and who had been chosen specifically because of his educational and administrative experience. After bringing the College through the first World War, President Bumpus announced his resignation as of 1919. He had kept the College financially solvent and increased enrollment, but felt that he was not qualified to take the school in the direction he believed it should head. Bumpus was a member, Board of Fellows, 1905-1942; and Secretary of the corporation, Brown University, 1924-1939. He was consulting director of the Buffalo Museum of Science, 1925-1930; President of American Morphological Society, 1902; American Society of Zoologists, 1903; Rhode Island Audubon Society, 1899, 1902; and American Association of Museums, 1906. He was ctive in a number of other scientific, civic, and cultural organizations. Published a number of scientific papers, also articles concerning museum education, museum work in national and state parks, and other subjects. Bumpus evinced an early love of nature and was an eager collector of specimens. When he entered Brown, he enjoyed a reputation as one "who had shot, skinned, stuffed, and eaten every living animal." He was illustrator of animals as an undergraduate, and some of his pictures appeared in print. His dissertation dealt with embryology of American lobster, and at Woods' Hole, he both energized research program and published a number of papers on various forms of vertebrate and invertebrate sea life. In recognition of his work on scientific study of fisheries, Bumpus was elected president of Fourth International Fisheries Congress (1908). http://www.rpts.tamu.edu/Pugsley/Bumpus.htm 2/25/2003 Herman Carey Bumpus Page 2 of 2 Bumpus was a pioneer in employing biometry in analysis of biological information and encouraged scholars at Woods' Hole to utilize this methodology. He utilized this approach in his study of various organisms, including snails, mud puppies, and birds. Following a severe storm in Providence in February 1898, he assessed morphological traits of sparrows that survived and those that did not, and concluded that those killed in storm demonstrated "process of selective elimination." This classic 1899 study, "The Elimination of the Unfit as Illustrated by the Introduced Sparrow, Passer domesticus," appeared in summarized form in many textbooks. At American Museum, Bumpus established the education department. Following his retirement from Tufts, he promoted outdoor education-known today as environmental education-while chair of National Park Service Advisory Board (1924-1931). He received several awards for having inspired and popularized trailside museum concept. Sources: http://www.library.tufts.edu/Archives/coll/collections/ual/ual007.html and http://livdahl.clarku.edu/Bumpus.html Sterling, et. al. (1997). Biographical dictionary of American and Canadian naturalists and environmentalists. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Press. Bumpus, Hermon C., Jr. Hermon Carey Bumpus, Yankee Naturalist (1947). Bajema, C.K., Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Supplement 2, vol. 17 (1990). Science 99 (14 January 1944). Who Was Who in America. Back to Previous Page http://www.rpts.tamu.edu/Pugsley/Bumpus.htm 2/25/2003 (COPY) December 6th morning 1928 ? Cosmos Club Washington, D. C. Dear Mr. Lynam: I just met Dr Rumpus, downstairs and had a word with him about the Karst land at Salisbury Cove. He, you know, is president now of the Laboratory. He says it is really important to the Laboratory the land should be got; that it is a nuisance, kept in its present state, & unsanitary, -and might become a much greater nuisance if it passed into wrong hands. So strongly does Dr. Neal, , the Director, feel about it that he thought of buying it himself if no other way opened, 2 but Dr. Rumpus urged him not, as he couldn't afford it. He tells E.Ford me dsel Ford has now contributed, as it was hoped he might, $2500. toward their budget. With his name, R's name, & that of Mr. Jackson, associated with it as interested & contributing, the land might readily be bought & used to force a higher price. It is the only additional land the Laboratory needs, but is important. Dr. Rumpus says the house could be valueably used next season for a leading biologist & his family whom they are anxious to have come and join them. or 2. Won't you represent all this; from me if ou judge best, to Mr. R? The back land can be got somehow if he will contribute the front & the old farmhouse, which is directly opposite the old Emery farm house which is now used as office quarters. The price, Dr. Bumpus says, is $3500. which he understands to be needed in its entirety in order to enable Karst to purchase & establish himself elsewhere. This includes the whole property, back & front & deduction could be made from this for the back land in such figures as the Laboratory members Dr Neal & others---could afford to pay. (The house could be put in order for use by the Laboratory for immediate (next season) occupation; to build anew what would serve as well would cost more than the whole ) . Please do the best you can--for a part, to cover the cost of the old farmhouse & its immediate land if nothing more. I understand Mr. . R is going soon to Europe, Egypt etc. for an indefinite stay--till Spring I suppose. But this was told me privately. If any clearing is to be done for landscape purpose off the new road lines on the permanently-to-be- retained Reservation lands we spoke of (1) where Bubble Bowler Bond brook comes down & (2) on the Henderson & Knowles lots this winter, Mr. R. should be told of what I spoke with you. 3. That the work should be spread out & given to Bar Harbor =people to do under the combined direction of the Trustees & Mr. R 1 Committee but not by Miller, who has so much already. This does not apply to the lake shore strip, to becregarded in substance if not law, assin the Govt. 'g- control. This cutting cannot be done In Spring, on a account of the danger of fire in burning & also in order that the hardwood then cut may not bleed out the sap but send up strong shoots to clothe the ground. I write in haste to reach you in season, to talk these matters over with Mr . R. while he is there. Do all you can for the Laboratory. Yours G.B.D. Copy 2 C. 1928 Bumpus February 1, 1944. The idea of providing an orderly interpretation of National Park Service areas for the visiting public received its first impetus in 1916 when Stephen Mather def- initely determined upon educational development. As early as 1899 several univer- sities had made extensive use of the parks as "classrooms" but the educational idea which has led to the present development of interpretation was planned by Dr. Robert Sterling Yard and Stephen Mather on a trip through the Sierras in the summer of 1916. In January 1917 the idea was first officially brought before the fourth National Park Conference. In the following year the National Parks Educational Committee was organized with 72 members consisting largely of university presidents and professors as far west as California together with representatives of leading con- servation organisations. In 1919 this Committee merged into the National Parks Association under the guidance of Dr. Yard. At the same time nature guide work had been carried on in California and Enos Mills also pioneered in this field in his Rocky Mountain hotel. With the organization in 1928 of the Committee on Educational Problems in the National Parks under the chairmanship of Dr. John C. Merriam, Director Mather wrote to the prospective members as follows: "The development of the educational opportunities in the national parks and monuments has been receiving increasing attention during the past few years, due primarily to the excellent results achieved by the Service through its representatives in the field, from small amounts made available from Federal appropriations from year to year, and through cooperation of interested friends of the parks. The delivery of lectures in various parks, establishment of nature trails and the nature guide services, and the development of museums have proven a fertile field for adult education in these scenic reservations. In fact, the results achieved have stimulated private agencies to assist in further expansion of work and effort already performed, particularly in the museum field, where Federal appropriations could not be forthcoming. In order that the broad question of adult education in the entire park and monument system might receive the best possible consideration, and that definite ideas might be secured on which definitely to base all future plans for the development of the educational opportunities within the system, the Secretary of the Interior wishes to ask the cooperation of a small number of leading educators to make a study and to report in this matter in such a way as will enable him and the Service to proceed with the assurance that further efforts in that direction will have permanent constructive value." Dr. Merriam in letters to the Director of the National Park Service in the same year wrote: "The remark 'I wonder what caused the feature' sums up the situation. The educational work of National Parks may be classified in various ways, but will probably resolve itself ultimately in two major groups of activi- ties, first, those relating to the opening of the ways by which the major obvious features of the park may be sean to best advantage by visitors on their own initiative. The other group of activities will concern plans for opening the way for explanation of certain of the greater and more fundamental phenomena of the parks which may not be so easily understood on casual observation." The program which we are working out relative to education possibilities in National Parks will fit well into the statement in the organic act. In general I think it probable that the work of the committee will concern itself to a large extent with that portion of the statement in the organic ast which reads 'and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such means as will leave them unimpaired. The original aot was designed in such way as to make clear the necessity of protection of certain areas and to conserve the scenery and the natural and historical objects and wild life therein in order that they might be enjoyed in such manner as to leave them unimpaired. Of sourse the protection would in itself have little significance unless it were protection for a certain use, and our problem is in large measure to determine the nature of that use for which the parks are protected, and to help in the development of a program which will permit the highest and best use in such manner that the original sharacteristics of these great features may remain unimpaired." n Studies were made in most of the then existing parks and individual reports of studies made in 1929 by Wallado W. Atwood, Harold C. Bryant, Herman C. Bumpus, Vernon Kellogg, John C. Marriam, Frank R. Oastler, and Clark Wissier were published. The majority of the recommendations made by this committee during its existence until 1931 and the succeeding National Park Service Advisory Board have been followed in the development of lecture programs, guided trips, central and branch museums, trailside exhibits, signs and markers for public interpretation. 2 Lefalophodon: The American Museum of Natural History Page 1 of 1 The American Museum of Natural History The greatest natural history museum in the western hemisphere. It was founded in 1868, but languished until the politically well-connected H. F. Osborn expanded its research program in the 1890's. Staff: Carl Akeley (taxidermist: 1890's-1920's?) J. A. Allen (zoology: 1885-1921?) Franz Boas (anthropology: 1894-1942) Barnum Brown (paleontology: 1896-1943) H.C. Bumpus (president: 1900's) F. M. Chapman (ornithology: 1887-early 1930's) E. H. Colbert (paleontology: 1935-1970) J. W. Gidley (paleontology: 1890's-about 1910) W.K. Gregory (paleontology: about 1909-1970) W.D. Matthew (paleontology: mid-1890's-1927) Margaret Mead (anthropology: 1920's-1970's) H. F. Osborn (paleontology, later president: 1890-1935) G. G. Simpson (paleontology: 1926-1959) W. M. Wheeler (entomology: 1903-1908) Lefalophodon Home - Timeline - Bibliography - Related Sites - Comments & Suggestions http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/AMNH.html 2/25/2003 American Museum of Natural History Page 1 of 1 AMNH Research Library Previous Next Record Return to Another Start Over MARC Record Browse Search display Export Search Britannica (Search History) AUTHOR bumpus hermon carey Search Record 11 of 12 Author Bumpus, Hermon Carey, 1862-1943. Title Trailside museums. Publisher 1930. LOCATION CALL # STATUS Main Stacks QH70.U6 B86 1930 AVAILABLE Descript pp. 6-11. 8vo Note Reprinted from "The Museums Journal" Vol. XXX pp. 6-11, July, 1930. Local subj 5.07(73) Museums Previous Next Record Return to Another Start Over MARC Record Browse Search display Export Search Britannica (Search History) http://libcat.amnh.org/search/ab.../frameset&FF=abumpus+hermon+carey+1862+1943&11,,1 2 2/25/2003 SOCIAL EST Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Buffalo, New York, II. S. .A. OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING January 26, 1927 Referred to col. words Mr. Thomas B. Appleget 1/20/20 25 Broadway New York City My dear Mr. Appleget, I am not sure to whom I am expected to report concerning the laboratory problems at Mount Desert. Possibly I should write directly to Colonel Woods rather than through you. I have been in conference with members of the Board of little, Trustees residing in Boston, Princeton and Baltimore and with President Little and Mr. Dorr and I attended a regular meeting of the Trustees, which was held in Philadelphia during Convo- four cation week. In a few days I am planning to have another conference with President Little and with a Trustee of the Laboratory who resides in Chicago. My present impression is as follows: There is a lack of confidence in Mr. Proctor who is now president of the Board, and I think it very doubtful that either Dr. Little or Mr. Dorr will look with favor upon any combination which includes Mr. Proctor in any very active capacity. On the other hand, I doubt that Mr. Proctor will consent to any combination with Messrs. Little and Dorr. Quite aside from any contemplated combination, I believe that there is a large majority on the Board of Trustees at the Laboratory who feel that, with the end of the fiscal year, Mr. Proctor will have been given ample opportunity to prove his theory of administration and that a change in the presidency will be considered advisable. Of course, I quite understand that we must be very careful to not have it appear that financial assistance is dependent upon a change in the presidency but I am as well convinced that it will be impossible to combine the interests of the two 7 institutions under the present conditions as I am that it is perfectly feasible and very highly desirable if a change should occur. Woods I realize that the procedure which I have intimated means Hale some delay and it may be that Colonel Woods will feel that it Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences Buffalo, New York, H. S.A. OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING January 26, 1927 Mr. . Thomas B. Appleget (2) is necessary to take earlier action. I shall be in Santa Fe in a few days and can follow the matter up still further or act otherwise according to Colonel Wood's wishes. In concluding, may I say that I look upon the continuation of laboratory interest at Mount Desert as being a matter of great importance for the future of science and education. The Laboratory at Woods Hole is filled and the number who have already applied for accommodations at Mount Desert is already quite beyond its capacity. Good men are now being turned away. Always very sincerely yours HCB/W Page 1 of 3 Ronald Epp From: "Jean Monahan" To: ; Cc: Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 9:53 AM Attach: %mhudspeth.vcf; mhudspeth.vcf Subject: Fwd: Re: Archival Query Dear Mr. Epp: Your inquiry regarding interaction between WHOI (or MBL), Mount Desert Island and Jackson Laboratories. As you know, Dr. Bumpus was assistant Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the late 1800's. He was also scientific director of the U.S. Fish Commission in Woods Hole. (I am also forwarding your inquiry to the librarian and the Fisheries.) As the MBL was a summer institution until the 1970's our records were not well maintained in the early years. Most scientists took their scientific papers back to their home institutions with them at the end of the season. Dr. Bumpus was teaching at Brown University at the time he was associated with the MBL. Later he became Director of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. Perhaps one of these institutions might be able to provide the information you are seeking. Good luck with your project. Jean Monahan Archivist, MBL >Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 15:27:13 -0500 >From: Marisa Hudspeth >Organization: WHOI Data Library & Archives X-Accept-Language: en >To: Ronald Epp , jmonahan@mbl.edu >Subject: Re: Archival Query >X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-100.6 required=7.5 >tests=NOSPAM_INC,QUOTED_EMAIL_TEXT,REFERENCES,SPAM_PHRASE_03_05, > USER_IN_WHITELIST,X_ACCEPT_LANG > version=2.44 >X-Spam-Level: > > >Hi Jean, > >Could you please take a look at this reference question and see if you >have anything in your collection that could help this gentleman with his >research? We do not have any information here connecting WHOI with these >two biological centers, but thought perhaps MBL faculty and staff may >have >had some interaction with them considering the biological emphasis. I 3/17/2003 Page 2 of 3 >ask because I noticed in Mariner that you have a copy of the brochure >for the MDI Biological Laboratory in your Rare Book Room, as well as a >few books in the stacks regarding research done there, including one >thesis comparing the architecture and preservation of MBL and MDI >Biological Laboratory. Perhaps you have some additional information in >the Archives? > >Thank you very much. N.A. Marisa > >> Ronald Epp wrote: >> >> I am presently engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944), >> founder and first superintendent of Acadia National Park. >> >> Mr. Dorr was instrumental in establishing on Mount Desert Island (ME) >> both Jackson Laboratories and the Mount Desert Island Biological >> Laboratory in the late 1920's. >> >> I am curious whether WHOI archives contain any documentation relative >> to the early interaction between these three New England biological >> centers. If so, I would gladly visit WHOI to further my research. >> >> I am led to believe that this might be the case because I have located >> at the Rockefeller Archive Center letters ( 1.26.27 and 11.30.27) from >> Hermon C. Bumpus (Director of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science) >> that refer to WHOI faculty and students making use of the MDI >> facilities "where the summers are cooler [and] the fauna in some >> respects richer." Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. was interested in >> possible collaboration--if not consolidation--of these biological >> centers. >> >> Thank you for this professional courtesy in addressing this query. >> >> >> Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. >> Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library >> Southern New Hampshire University >> 2500 North River Road >> Manchester, NH 03106-1045 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 >> 603-645-9685 (fax) >Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; > name="mhudspeth.vcf" Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit >Content-Description: Card for Marisa Hudspeth > Content-Disposition: attachment; > ilename="mhudspeth.vcf > 3/17/2003 Page 1 of 3 Ronald Epp From: "Jackie Riley" To: Cc: ; Sent: Monday, March 10, 2003 11:38 AM Subject: Re: Fwd: Re: Archival Query We do not have any information readily available on Bumpus, except that he was appointed Director of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Woods Hole Laboratory in 1898 for 2 years. Additional information might be gleaned through reading the Reports and/or Bulletins of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries during the approximate time of his tenure at the Laboratory. The Smithsonian archives have some Bumpus correspondence with George Goode who worked on Gulf of Maine fishes. http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7050.htm some of his archives are also at Tufts http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037 http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037%3Ahead%3D%233 http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7050.htm Jackie Riley, Librarian NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC Library Woods Hole, MA At 09:53 AM 03/10/2003, Jean Monahan wrote: >Dear Mr. Epp: > >Your inquiry regarding interaction between WHOI (or MBL), Mount Desert >Island and Jackson Laboratories. As you know, Dr. Bumpus was assistant >Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the late 1800's. He was >also scientific director of the U.S. Fish Commission in Woods Hole. (I am >also forwarding your inquiry to the librarian and the Fisheries.) As the >MBL was a summer institution until the 1970's our records were not well >maintained in the early years. Most scientists took their scientific >papers back to their home institutions with them at the end of the >season. Dr. Bumpus was teaching at Brown University at the time he was >associated with the MBL. Later he became Director of the American Museum >of Natural History in New York. Perhaps one of these institutions might >be able to provide the information you are seeking. Good luck with your >project. 3/17/2003 Page 2 of 3 >Jean Monahan >Archivist, MBL > >>Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 15:27:13 -0500 >>From: Marisa Hudspeth >>Organization: WHOI Data Library & Archives >> X-Accept-Language: en >>To: Ronald Epp , jmonahan@mbl.edu >> Subject: Re: Archival Query >> X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-100.6 required=7.5 >> tests=NOSPAM_INC,QUOTED_EMAIL_TEXT,REFERENCES,SPAM_PHRASE_03_05, >> USER_IN_WHITELIST,X_ACCEPT_LANG >> version=2.44 >> X-Spam-Level: >? >> >>Hi Jean, >> >>Could you please take a look at this reference question and see if you >>have anything in your collection that could help this gentleman with his >research? We do not have any information here connecting WHOI with these >>two biological centers, but thought perhaps MBL faculty and staff may >>have >>had some interaction with them considering the biological emphasis. I >>ask because I noticed in Mariner that you have a copy of the brochure >>for the MDI Biological Laboratory in your Rare Book Room, as well as a >>few books in the stacks regarding research done there, including one >>thesis comparing the architecture and preservation of MBL and MDI >> Biological Laboratory. Perhaps you have some additional information in >>the Archives? >> >Thank you very much. >> >>Marisa >> >>> Ronald Epp wrote: >>> >>> I am presently engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944), >>> founder and first superintendent of Acadia National Park. >>> >>> Mr. Dorr was instrumental in establishing on Mount Desert Island (ME) >>> both Jackson Laboratories and the Mount Desert Island Biological >>> Laboratory in the late 1920's. >>> >>> I am curious whether WHOI archives contain any documentation relative >>> to the early interaction between these three New England biological >>> centers. If so, I would gladly visit WHOI to further my research. >>> >>> I am led to believe that this might be the case because I have located >>> at the Rockefeller Archive Center letters ( 1.26.27 and 11.30.27) from 3/17/2003 Page 3 of 3 >>> Hermon C. Bumpus (Director of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science) >>> that refer to WHOI faculty and students making use of the MDI >>> facilities "where the summers are cooler [and] the fauna in some >>> respects richer." Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. was interested in >>> possible collaboration--if not consolidation--of these biological >>> centers. >>> Thank you for this professional courtesy in addressing this query. >>> >>> >>> Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. >>> Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library >>> Southern New Hampshire University >>> 2500 North River Road >>> Manchester, NH 03106-1045 >>> 603-668-2211, ext. 2164 >>> 603-645-9685 (fax) >Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii; >> name="mhudspeth.vcf >Content-Transfer-Encoding 7bit >Content-Description: Card for Marisa Hudspeth >>Content-Disposition: attachment; >> filename="mhudspeth.vcf" > I 3/17/2003 Tufts Digital Library: University Records Collection Page 1 of 2 TUFTS Digital Library Home Collections User Guides Services Standards & All collections Practices Tufts University Office of Digital Collections and Archives, STATEMENT Tufts Unversity Digital Collections and Archives, Hermon Mary Carey Bumpus, administrative records and related papers, PANAPHY 1896-1943: Hermon Carey Bumpus, administrative records and related papers, 1896-1943 Collection Guides: Collection contents About the collection fratious Images in this document Document Guides: Box 001: Hermon Carey Bumpus, 1914-43 dates in this document Call Number: 39090010622294 Search Options: Search in this text for: Correspondence, 1914-16 so Select texts from this Correspondence, 1917-43 collection for searching Inauguration, 1915 Document Contents: Table of Contents Outline: Writings and publications, 1896-1915 Scope and Content Note Historical Note Box 001: Hermon Carey Reports to trustees, 1915-17 Bumpus, 1914-43 Box 002: Photographs, ca. 1900-20 World War I, 1917-19 Newspaper clippings, 1914-18 Programs, 1915 Dental School correspondence, 1915-19 Previous http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/c.../ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037%3Ahead%3D%23 3/17/2003 1-copies C.1-Bumpus. 1929 Reports of Dr. Hermon C. Bumpus on Studies made in 1929 on Educational Projects in Acadia National Park and Yellowstone National Park ACADIA NATIONAL PARK tion, and intellectual improvement within its boundaries a rich and and any educational program must varied marine fauna and flora gives it CADIA National Park, superb in take into consideration these condi- an educational value quite its own, a its occanic. lacustrine, mountain, tions. value that is still further enhanced and woodland features, is incompara- As above intimated, there is already by the fact that this is the only loca- bly the most beautiful and, although a sufficiency of scientific literature to tion in the entire system of Parks one of the smallest, offers the widest satisfy the average visitor. Research where the ocean may be observed ac- range of educational possibilities of and publication will doubtless con- tually at work in its tireless process of any National Park. It has au en- tinue without special effort on the remodeling the shore-line, a shore- tertaining history running back to the part of the Government. Avenues of line furthermore presenting a wide time of Champlain, long before the approach are already provided. Visi- range of variation and both a recent advent of the Pilgrims. Unlike many and probably will continue and a remote past of great historical of the larger Parks, Acadia has grown to be, exceptionally well-informed, significance. in size and in importance by a rapid and there are already, either within It is idle for one to make recom- process of accretion and this process the Park itself or near its boundaries, inendations for all educational pro- in, happily, still going on. Just what several establishments which make grain that will extend far into the fu- are the educational possibilities of it unnecessary to recommend an ex- ture, but the pleasure and profit of this area and how may they best be tensive program of construction. those visiting-as well as those now developed? A marine biological laboratory, al- residing near-Acadia may be in- Mount Desert and the neighboring tracting a large number of scientists, creased without the expenditure of islands and land and the surrounding has been in operation at Salisbury any considerable sum of money. ocean received the attention of geol- Cove for several years. It has an On the completion of the highway logists, botanists, zoologists, geogra- admirable scientific library, represent- to the sunmit of Cadillac Mountain, phers, archeologists and historians ative collections, aquaria, and a good there should be an observation sta- long before the establishment of any working equipment. Its publications tion where the visitor could tarry, en- National Park. There is all abundance have covered a wide range of sub- joy-and further enjoy by under- ) of literature covering it wide range of jeets. standing, or partially understanding- J subject available for those who de- At one of the entrances to the the geological events that have made sire authoritative information. Park a number of college students the superb panorama possible, a L The Park area is well provided with and investigators are occupied with panorama that extends to the horizon motor highways and there is a net- problems connected with the natural in every direction. L. work of bridle paths and charming fauma and flora. It is here that the There should be a small museum of trails leading to all points of interest. State is maintaining one of its sub- the trailside-laboratory type located Although nearer to Chicago and the stations for the economic study of near the auto camp and made the large cities of the East than any of insects, fungi, etc., in their relations field headquarters of a competent the great National Parks, and thus to forestry. Ranger Naturalist. Evening lectures embracing within its radius a major Geology has received and is still re- should be given around the campfire. part of our vast population, Acadia ceiving the attention of men from The small buildings on Bar Island is not a place that is overrun by rest- eastern universities. should be kept in repair and it Ranger less tourists and probably never will Anthropologists are busy with the Naturalist selected for this charming be. Maine, itself, i a great recrea- archaeological problems and a beauti- spot who is acquainted with and com- tional area and its seaside resorts, ful little museum, of the trailside petent to care for and tell about the numerous camps and popular hotels, type, has been constructed near one animal and plant life of the locality. arrest and detain the ordinary tourist. of the entrances and is freely open to Most important-in the opinion of The attractions of this Park appeal the public. the undersigned-is the early develop- rather to those who are able both to Out in the ocean, on Little Cran- ment of the shore-liue at and near recognize and to enjoy the finer crea- berry Island, quite within sight of the Anemone Cave. In other Parks, tions of nature, to those who seek Park, is it unique and a most in- much is made of the fossils of marine quietude, contemplation, inspiration, structive museum of local history animals and plants, footprints and and that kind of mental satisfaction and at Bar Harbor there is an ex- petrifactions, but here are living which accompanies discriminating ap- cellent public library. things abundant, colorful and entranc- preciation. The waters of Frenchman's Bay are ing. It is recommended that a series While it is a recognized duty of the now receiving special attention by the of rockwork basins-artificial tide- Service to provide for the accommo- Federal Government because of their pools-be constructed among the dation and of the multitude visiting wealth of plankton upon which the ledges above tidewater and shel- the National Parks, it is also the duty fisheries are so immediately depend- tered by the trees and shrubbery of the Service-an imperative duty- ent. growing luxuriantly in this local- so to conserve and administer its An excellent Nature Trail-one of ily. If these basins, or pools, priceless possessions that they will the best-has been maintained for the are placed on different grades and not become exhausted, destroyed, or past two years near Jordan Pond in a moderate amount of sea-water even suffer depreciation. Acadia is the heart of the Park area. is forced into the highest, the preeminently a place for those who The fact that Acadia National Park overflow, as a little stream, will find can discriminate, who seek informa- impinges on the ocean and embraces its way through the lower pools until Page 10) Report on National Parks it finally returns to the sea. There be revised by those specially quali- that will enhance pleasure and pro- is every reason. to believe that the lied and has shown its willinguess to duce a satisfactory grade of intel- native fishes and other forms of ma- insert additional material and omit lectual profit. Those in charge must rine life will flourish in these shady portions of only minor importance. have sympathy, courtesy, patience pools and if the spot is properly land- Suggestions to this end will be made and all almost inexhaustible fund of scaped, 11 will give it kind of pleasure the subject of a special report. general and technical information. and profit to those visiting the Park A second publication, "Haynes' They must have an equipment of that cannot be provided in any other Guide," is privately printed and is maps, guides, etc., adequate to meet way or place. The cost of operating purchased by about one in twenty all reasonable requests. all outdoor aquarium would be trivial of those entering the Park. This high It is the plan to make each Bu- when compared with the good it percentage of sales argues for a real reau of Information an essential part would do. desire on the part of the public to of each Trailside Museum. The lat- Another recommendation is to the obtain-to even pay for-reliable in- ter is merely a practical device for effect that the several centers of in- formation. The publisher has ex- giving information about local phe- terest, both on Mount Desert Island pressed a desire to revise and improve nomena. Why not then, extend its and the National Park areas on the this booklet SO that it may continue functions to include all questions main land be linked together by the to be the best thing of its kind in which arise locally? If a visitor publication of a Trailside Guide, sim- the Park and thus the better serve wants to know the way to the buffalo lar to that used at Yellowstone. the public. corral he will doubtless profit by an The recommendations here em- For several years the Park Natu- inspection of other ungulates and the bodied are justified as applying to the ralist and those cooperating with him descriptive matter accompanying the inumediate, rather than the remote, have issued from Yellowstone is exhibits close at hand. future. They involve an enlargement mimeographed monthly, similar to It is planned that each Bureau of of the Ranger Naturalist service and that issued by several of the Na- Information will be an organic part increased appropriation for construc- tional Parks. This is primarily a of each Trailside Museum and each tion, maintenance. etc. They should "friend-maker." Its obvious func- local Museum will become, in fact, a not all be undertaken at once, but tion-as a means of recording local bureau of information. should be developed on is firm basis observations and sustaining the in- The Trailside Notes-each covering of observation and experience. terest of those who have once visited a special section of the "Loop" and the Park-should be sustained. The other highways, as above described- YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL Park Naturalist also issues a Ranger will serve not only as it source of Naturalists' Manual. reliable information and as a sus- PARK For something like five hundred tainer of interest between the respec- years, the printed page has been a live termini, but will prepare the IN ORDER to have constructive means of popular education, and the visitor, on arrival at the information value, a report on educational use of printed material for conveying center, more profitably to make use projects already undertaken at Yel- information in the National Parks of the agencies of information- lowstone, and on opportunities for will doubtless continue to outrank in Nature Guides, relief maps, charts, further educational work, it is neces- importance and in efficiency all other specimens, exhibits, etc.--there pro- sary to consider: The educational agencies. The preparation and issue, vided. It is more profitable for a agencies operating at the present as an experiment, during the past tourist to understand what he has time and their present and potential summer of "Trailside Notes" amply seen than to indulge in faulty visions efficiency. The principal localities demonstrates the practical value of of what he is about to see. where these agencies are operating this method of popular instruction. and the sufficiency or insufficiency of The publication covered only the (c) Museums. the places chosen. The reaction of motor trail from Mammoth to In Yellowstone, with its several the tourist toward existing educa- Norris Junction and was hastily centers of outstanding interest, it is tional efforts. The reaction of utility drafted and hurriedly printed. The planned to construct a series of operators. Prophecies and recom- reaction of the public, as shown by buildings of the Trailside Museum mendations concerning the imme- return postals, is such as to warrant type, each intended primarily to ex- diate future. the extension of the system to other plain the phenomena of its imme- The educational instruments and sections of the Park and to all main diate neighborhood. While this is agencies in operation within the park approaches. Properly prepared, a the primary purpose of these estab- at the present time are as follows: series of Trailside Notes will not only lishments, experience has shown that (a) Publications; Trailside Notes. serve the public but will enable the the visitor is frequently keenly in- (h) Bureaus of Information. motor drivers and other employees terested in what he has observed on (e) Museums. 10 derive and dispense reliable infor- his journey to the station and not (d) Lectures. mation and will net as it check upon indifferent to what he is to see on (e) Nature Guide Service. misconceptions and misrepresenta- his way to the next stopping place. (f) Trail/ide Notices. tions. The location of these stopping (g) Nature Trails. places is it matter of basic impor- (h) Photographie Facilities. (b) Bureaus of Information. tance. They are the exclamation and (i) Animal Enclosures. The "checking-in stations" and the interrogation points of an informa- (j) "Caravans." Bureaus of Information are the first tional recital. They must be timed (k) Public Utility Operators. points of contact between the visitor to the schedule of traffic and situated and the Park personnel. The atti- where there are ample parking facili- (a) Publications. lude of the visitor toward the man- ties, an adequate supply of water The so-called "Circular of Infor- agement of the Park is definitely and where the standard sanitary mation" issued by the government and often permanently established regulations and provisions may be and given to all entering the Park at these points of entry. Here the conformed with. is and probably will continue to be tourist should feel that he is entering The construction and equipment the most generally used agency of territory that is spiritually elevating of these ininor museums classify as information and instruction. The and that those wearing the Park uni- capital expenditures. Their opera- Service has itself prepared, printed form are companions competent and tion, however, becomes a charge and contributed this very practical willing to assist in overcoming diffi- against current maintenance. It is publication and has expressed a de- culties, in designating economics and proper that economy be practised sire that the several sections should in recommending ways and means under both classes and it is probable [ Page 11) Hermon Carey Bumpus Naturalist on Prepared by ALICE HALL WALTER Providence, R.I. October 20, 1943 920 B917w 1943 2 Published by the AUDUBON SOCIETY OF RHODE ISLAND In commemoration of its FIRST PRESIDENT 1897-1901 and HONORARY PRESIDENT 1941-1943 SOCIETY OF 1897 October 3 Hermon Carey Bumpus Born May 5th, 1862 East Buckfield, Maine Died June 21st, 1943 Pasadena, California So briefly did Hermon Carey Bumpus sum up his span of life, on a card which he ex- pressed a wish should be sent to his nearest friends after his passing. It was like him to put into these few words what his part in over three-quarters of a century had been. Born near the Atlantic, his last days spent not far from the Pacific, from ocean to ocean his influence extends,-even further, north, south, and to foreign lands. It could hardly have been thought that a lad born in the country but whose boy- hood was spent in the city, was destined to become a naturalist, or that his lifework would be ever expanding in an effort to bring the truth and beauty in nature within reach of everyone. As an eager observer of whatever came to hand, as a learner searching in all direc- tions for the truth, as a teacher whose force- ful personality stirred the best in his students, or in the wider fields to which his many Taken at Tufts College in 1915 11 46 pages MtPh.NC. K619: H.S/Int. TO 1955 Box K18C0 Wairza Dr. Burupus is seated third from left. c. 1947. HERMON CAREY BUMPUS Yankee Naturalist by HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, JR. is THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS Hermon Carey Bumpus Minneapolis Preface Copyright 1947 by the THE life story of Hermon Carey Bumpus was SO out of the UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA ordinary and intimately touched and influenced SO many All rights reserved. No part of this book persons that his good friend Dr. A. D. Mead volunteered to may be reproduced in any form without the written permission of the publisher. record it. Unfortunately, circumstances made it necessary for Permission is hereby granted to reviewers Dr. Mead to give up the work after he had accumulated to quote brief passages in a review to be printed in a magazine or newspaper. much of the material for this biography. Dr. Herbert E. Walter, a friend and former associate of PRINTED BY THE GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY both Dr. Bumpus and Dr. Mead, then generously offered to MENASHA, WISCONSIN take over. With skill and patience he articulated the parts of this biography, but he too was prevented from completing the project. Of his work he wrote: "It has been a pleasant task, with abundant original documentary sources at hand, to attempt a compilation of the fascinating adventures of this man whom SO many friends remember with affection and respect. To do this has been a willing labor of love." With deep appreciation of the work done by Dr. Mead and Dr. Walter, I have endeavored to build on the foundation laid by them, adding material and memories that came to me through a close association with my father for over fifty years. HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, JR. 135144 DWOOD LIBRAID 3 Table of Contents I. ANCESTRY AND BOYHOOD 3 II. AS STUDENT AND BEGINNING TEACHER 17 III. WOODS HOLE 25 IV. BROWN UNIVERSITY, 1890-1900 35 V. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIS- TORY, 1900-1910 54 VI. FRIEND TO THE GAEKWAR OF BARODA 73 VII. UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATOR, Wisconsin 1911- 1914, Tufts 1915-1919 79 VIII. BUILDER AND GARDENER 92 IX. TRAILSIDE MUSEUMS 103 X. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND OTHER PROJ- ECTS 112 XI. INDIAN SUMMER 121 APPENDIX: Memorials and Resolutions, Memberships and Offices, Papers and Addresses 128 INDEX 139 List of Illustrations Hermon Carey Bumpus frontispiece Laurin Aurelius Bumpus and Abbie Ann Eaton Bumpus 26 Hermon Carey Bumpus and Lucy Ella Nightingale, 1886 26 The reappearance of the "extinct" tilefish was a dramatic inci- dent of Bumpus' Woods Hole days 33 Hermon Carey Bumpus (from the painting by Howard E. Smith in Sayles Hall, Brown University) 58 American Museum of Natural History 59 A bungalow from the Philippine exhibit at the St. Louis Exposi- tion became the Bumpus summer home 59 The Brown Bear bonds, a Bumpus idea, brought contributions to Brown University's endowment drive 90 There were Little Brown Bear bonds, too between 90 and 91 The trailside museum, now familiar to all national park tourists, was originated by Bumpus between 90 and 91 HERMON CAREY BUMPUS The natural history shrine-another educational device con- ceived by Bumpus 91 Yankee Naturalist Boston cartoonists had a field day when Bumpus suggested fuller labels for the trees on the Common 110 Bumpus Butte, Yellowstone National Park 122 Bumpus in Yellowstone Park, where a trailside museum will be named for him 123