From collection Creating Acadia National Park: The George B. Dorr Research Archive of Ronald H. Epp
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Bumpus, Herman Carey-Abbe Museum-ANP
Bumpus, Hermin Carey -
Herman Carey Bumpus
Page 1 of 2
Hermon Carey Bumpus (1862-1943) was born in Maine in 1862. He was
a
biologist and president (1902+) of the American Museum of National History.
Later active in conservation movement, e.g., in establishment of Big Bend
National Park. Bumpus received a Ph.B. from Brown in 1884, specializing in
biology and science. He began graduate at work at Brown before going on to
teach at Olivet College in Michigan. Bumpus received his Phd. from Clark
University in 1891 and then went on to become professor of Comparative
Zoology at Brown. Bumpus received an honorary Doctor of Science from
Tufts in 1905 and an honorary LL.D. from Clark in 1909. He directed the
Marine Biological Laboratory at Woods Hole and the American Museum of
Natural History. Among his biological contributions, Bumpus may be known
best for his measurements of wing size of a flock of sparrows killed by a
snowstorm in 1899. Relative to the rest of the population, more birds with
abnormally long or short wings were killed. This finding has become a classic
example of stabilizing selection.
In his career he held a number of positions including Assistant in zoology, Brown, 1884-1886;
Professor of zoology, Olivet College, 1886-1889; Fellowship, Clark University, 1889-1890; Assistant
professor of zoology, 1890-1891; Associate professor of biology, 1891-1892; and Professor of
comparative anatomy, 1892-1901.
He established a summer school for biology students, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods' Hole,
1889 and served as Assistant director, 1893-1895. He was scientific director, Marine Biological
Laboratory, 1895-1900 and Assistant to the president and curator of invertebrate zoology, 1900-1902,
and Member Board of Trustees, 1895-1942;
Bumpus also served as Business Manager, University of Wisconsin, 1911-1914 and became President
of Tufts in 1914-19, after serving as Business Manager of the University of Wisconsin (1911-1914).
He was the first President that was not a Universalist, and who had been chosen specifically because of
his educational and administrative experience. After bringing the College through the first World War,
President Bumpus announced his resignation as of 1919. He had kept the College financially solvent
and increased enrollment, but felt that he was not qualified to take the school in the direction he
believed it should head. Bumpus was a member, Board of Fellows, 1905-1942; and Secretary of the
corporation, Brown University, 1924-1939.
He was consulting director of the Buffalo Museum of Science, 1925-1930; President of American
Morphological Society, 1902; American Society of Zoologists, 1903; Rhode Island Audubon Society,
1899, 1902; and American Association of Museums, 1906. He was ctive in a number of other
scientific, civic, and cultural organizations. Published a number of scientific papers, also articles
concerning museum education, museum work in national and state parks, and other subjects.
Bumpus evinced an early love of nature and was an eager collector of specimens. When he entered
Brown, he enjoyed a reputation as one "who had shot, skinned, stuffed, and eaten every living
animal." He was illustrator of animals as an undergraduate, and some of his pictures appeared in print.
His dissertation dealt with embryology of American lobster, and at Woods' Hole, he both energized
research program and published a number of papers on various forms of vertebrate and invertebrate
sea life. In recognition of his work on scientific study of fisheries, Bumpus was elected president of
Fourth International Fisheries Congress (1908).
http://www.rpts.tamu.edu/Pugsley/Bumpus.htm
2/25/2003
Herman Carey Bumpus
Page 2 of 2
Bumpus was a pioneer in employing biometry in analysis of biological information and encouraged
scholars at Woods' Hole to utilize this methodology. He utilized this approach in his study of various
organisms, including snails, mud puppies, and birds. Following a severe storm in Providence in
February 1898, he assessed morphological traits of sparrows that survived and those that did not, and
concluded that those killed in storm demonstrated "process of selective elimination." This classic 1899
study, "The Elimination of the Unfit as Illustrated by the Introduced Sparrow, Passer domesticus,"
appeared in summarized form in many textbooks.
At American Museum, Bumpus established the education department. Following his retirement from
Tufts, he promoted outdoor education-known today as environmental education-while chair of
National Park Service Advisory Board (1924-1931).
He received several awards for having inspired and popularized trailside museum concept.
Sources:
http://www.library.tufts.edu/Archives/coll/collections/ual/ual007.html and
http://livdahl.clarku.edu/Bumpus.html
Sterling, et. al. (1997). Biographical dictionary of American and Canadian naturalists and
environmentalists. Westport, Ct: Greenwood Press.
Bumpus, Hermon C., Jr. Hermon Carey Bumpus, Yankee Naturalist (1947).
Bajema, C.K., Dictionary of Scientific Biography. Supplement 2, vol. 17 (1990).
Science 99 (14 January 1944).
Who Was Who in America.
Back to Previous Page
http://www.rpts.tamu.edu/Pugsley/Bumpus.htm
2/25/2003
(COPY)
December 6th morning
1928 ?
Cosmos Club
Washington, D. C.
Dear Mr. Lynam:
I just met Dr Rumpus, downstairs and had a
word with him about the Karst land at Salisbury Cove.
He, you know, is president now of the Laboratory. He
says it is really important to the Laboratory the land
should be got; that it is a nuisance, kept in its present
state, & unsanitary, -and might become a much greater
nuisance if it passed into wrong hands. So strongly does
Dr. Neal, , the Director, feel about it that he thought
of buying it himself if no other way opened, 2 but Dr.
Rumpus urged him not, as he couldn't afford it. He tells
E.Ford
me dsel Ford has now contributed, as it was hoped he
might, $2500. toward their budget. With his name, R's
name, & that of Mr. Jackson, associated with it as interested
& contributing, the land might readily be bought & used to
force a higher price. It is the only additional land
the Laboratory needs, but is important. Dr. Rumpus says
the house could be valueably used next season for a leading
biologist & his family whom they are anxious to have come
and join them.
or
2.
Won't you represent all this; from me if ou judge best,
to
Mr. R? The back land can be got somehow if he will
contribute the front & the old farmhouse, which is directly
opposite the old Emery farm house which is now used as
office quarters.
The price, Dr. Bumpus says, is $3500. which he
understands to be needed in its entirety in order to
enable Karst to purchase & establish himself elsewhere.
This includes the whole property, back & front & deduction
could be made from this for the back land in such figures
as the Laboratory members Dr Neal & others---could
afford to pay. (The house could be put in order for use
by the Laboratory for immediate (next season) occupation;
to build anew what would serve as well would cost more
than the whole ) .
Please do the best you can--for a part, to cover the
cost of the old farmhouse & its immediate land if nothing
more.
I understand Mr. . R is going soon to Europe, Egypt
etc. for an indefinite stay--till Spring I suppose. But
this was told me privately.
If any clearing is to be done for landscape
purpose off the new road lines on the permanently-to-be-
retained Reservation lands we spoke of (1) where Bubble
Bowler
Bond brook comes down & (2) on the Henderson & Knowles lots
this winter, Mr. R. should be told of what I spoke with
you.
3.
That the work should be spread out & given to Bar
Harbor =people to do under the combined direction of
the Trustees & Mr. R 1 Committee but not by Miller, who
has so much already. This does not apply to the lake shore
strip, to becregarded in substance if not law, assin the
Govt. 'g- control.
This cutting cannot be done In Spring, on a account
of the danger of fire in burning & also in order that
the hardwood then cut may not bleed out the sap but send
up strong shoots to clothe the ground.
I write in haste to reach you in season, to talk
these matters over with Mr . R. while he is there. Do
all you can for the Laboratory.
Yours
G.B.D.
Copy
2
C. 1928
Bumpus
February 1, 1944.
The idea of providing an orderly interpretation of National Park Service areas
for the visiting public received its first impetus in 1916 when Stephen Mather def-
initely determined upon educational development. As early as 1899 several univer-
sities had made extensive use of the parks as "classrooms" but the educational idea
which has led to the present development of interpretation was planned by Dr. Robert
Sterling Yard and Stephen Mather on a trip through the Sierras in the summer of 1916.
In January 1917 the idea was first officially brought before the fourth National
Park Conference. In the following year the National Parks Educational Committee
was organized with 72 members consisting largely of university presidents and
professors as far west as California together with representatives of leading con-
servation organisations. In 1919 this Committee merged into the National Parks
Association under the guidance of Dr. Yard.
At the same time nature guide work had been carried on in California and Enos
Mills also pioneered in this field in his Rocky Mountain hotel.
With the organization in 1928 of the Committee on Educational Problems in the
National Parks under the chairmanship of Dr. John C. Merriam, Director Mather wrote
to the prospective members as follows:
"The development of the educational opportunities in the national
parks and monuments has been receiving increasing attention during the
past few years, due primarily to the excellent results achieved by the
Service through its representatives in the field, from small amounts
made available from Federal appropriations from year to year, and through
cooperation of interested friends of the parks. The delivery of lectures
in various parks, establishment of nature trails and the nature guide
services, and the development of museums have proven a fertile field for
adult education in these scenic reservations. In fact, the results achieved
have stimulated private agencies to assist in further expansion of work and
effort already performed, particularly in the museum field, where Federal
appropriations could not be forthcoming. In order that the broad question
of adult education in the entire park and monument system might receive
the best possible consideration, and that definite ideas might be secured
on which definitely to base all future plans for the development of the
educational opportunities within the system, the Secretary of the Interior
wishes to ask the cooperation of a small number of leading educators to
make a study and to report in this matter in such a way as will enable him
and the Service to proceed with the assurance that further efforts in that
direction will have permanent constructive value."
Dr. Merriam in letters to the Director of the National Park Service in the same
year wrote:
"The remark 'I wonder what caused the feature' sums up the situation.
The educational work of National Parks may be classified in various ways,
but will probably resolve itself ultimately in two major groups of activi-
ties, first, those relating to the opening of the ways by which the major
obvious features of the park may be sean to best advantage by visitors on
their own initiative. The other group of activities will concern plans
for opening the way for explanation of certain of the greater and more
fundamental phenomena of the parks which may not be so easily understood
on casual observation."
The program which we are working out relative to education possibilities
in National Parks will fit well into the statement in the organic act. In
general I think it probable that the work of the committee will concern itself
to a large extent with that portion of the statement in the organic ast which
reads 'and to provide for the enjoyment of the same in such manner and by such
means as will leave them unimpaired. The original aot was designed in such
way as to make clear the necessity of protection of certain areas and to
conserve the scenery and the natural and historical objects and wild life
therein in order that they might be enjoyed in such manner as to leave them
unimpaired. Of sourse the protection would in itself have little significance
unless it were protection for a certain use, and our problem is in large
measure to determine the nature of that use for which the parks are protected,
and to help in the development of a program which will permit the highest
and best use in such manner that the original sharacteristics of these great
features may remain unimpaired." n
Studies were made in most of the then existing parks and individual reports of
studies made in 1929 by Wallado W. Atwood, Harold C. Bryant, Herman C. Bumpus,
Vernon Kellogg, John C. Marriam, Frank R. Oastler, and Clark Wissier were published.
The majority of the recommendations made by this committee during its existence
until 1931 and the succeeding National Park Service Advisory Board have been followed
in the development of lecture programs, guided trips, central and branch museums,
trailside exhibits, signs and markers for public interpretation.
2
Lefalophodon: The American Museum of Natural History
Page 1 of 1
The American Museum of Natural History
The greatest natural history museum in the western hemisphere. It was founded in 1868, but
languished until the politically well-connected H. F. Osborn expanded its research program in
the 1890's.
Staff:
Carl Akeley (taxidermist: 1890's-1920's?)
J. A. Allen (zoology: 1885-1921?)
Franz Boas (anthropology: 1894-1942)
Barnum Brown (paleontology: 1896-1943)
H.C. Bumpus (president: 1900's)
F. M. Chapman (ornithology: 1887-early 1930's)
E. H. Colbert (paleontology: 1935-1970)
J. W. Gidley (paleontology: 1890's-about 1910)
W.K. Gregory (paleontology: about 1909-1970)
W.D. Matthew (paleontology: mid-1890's-1927)
Margaret Mead (anthropology: 1920's-1970's)
H. F. Osborn (paleontology, later president: 1890-1935)
G. G. Simpson (paleontology: 1926-1959)
W. M. Wheeler (entomology: 1903-1908)
Lefalophodon Home - Timeline - Bibliography - Related Sites - Comments & Suggestions
http://www.nceas.ucsb.edu/~alroy/lefa/AMNH.html
2/25/2003
American Museum of Natural History
Page 1 of 1
AMNH Research Library
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AUTHOR
bumpus hermon carey
Search
Record 11 of 12
Author
Bumpus, Hermon Carey, 1862-1943.
Title
Trailside museums.
Publisher
1930.
LOCATION
CALL #
STATUS
Main Stacks
QH70.U6 B86 1930
AVAILABLE
Descript
pp. 6-11. 8vo
Note
Reprinted from "The Museums Journal" Vol. XXX pp. 6-11, July, 1930.
Local subj
5.07(73)
Museums
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http://libcat.amnh.org/search/ab.../frameset&FF=abumpus+hermon+carey+1862+1943&11,,1 2 2/25/2003
SOCIAL
EST
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
Buffalo, New York, II. S. .A.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING
January 26, 1927
Referred to
col. words
Mr. Thomas B. Appleget
1/20/20
25 Broadway
New York City
My dear Mr. Appleget,
I am not sure to whom I am expected to report concerning
the laboratory problems at Mount Desert. Possibly I should
write directly to Colonel Woods rather than through you.
I have been in conference with members of the Board of
little,
Trustees residing in Boston, Princeton and Baltimore and with
President Little and Mr. Dorr and I attended a regular meeting
of the Trustees, which was held in Philadelphia during Convo-
four
cation week. In a few days I am planning to have another
conference with President Little and with a Trustee of the
Laboratory who resides in Chicago.
My present impression is as follows: There is a lack of
confidence in Mr. Proctor who is now president of the Board,
and I think it very doubtful that either Dr. Little or Mr.
Dorr will look with favor upon any combination which includes
Mr. Proctor in any very active capacity. On the other hand,
I doubt that Mr. Proctor will consent to any combination with
Messrs. Little and Dorr.
Quite aside from any contemplated combination, I believe
that there is a large majority on the Board of Trustees at the
Laboratory who feel that, with the end of the fiscal year, Mr.
Proctor will have been given ample opportunity to prove his
theory of administration and that a change in the presidency
will be considered advisable.
Of course, I quite understand that we must be very careful
to not have it appear that financial assistance is dependent
upon a change in the presidency but I am as well convinced that
it will be impossible to combine the interests of the two
7 institutions under the present conditions as I am that it is
perfectly feasible and very highly desirable if a change should
occur.
Woods
I realize that the procedure which I have intimated means
Hale
some delay and it may be that Colonel Woods will feel that it
Buffalo Society of Natural Sciences
Buffalo, New York, H. S.A.
OFFICE OF THE DIRECTOR
PUBLIC LIBRARY BUILDING
January 26, 1927
Mr. . Thomas B. Appleget (2)
is necessary to take earlier action.
I shall be in Santa Fe in a few days and can follow the
matter up still further or act otherwise according to Colonel
Wood's wishes.
In concluding, may I say that I look upon the continuation
of laboratory interest at Mount Desert as being a matter of
great importance for the future of science and education. The
Laboratory at Woods Hole is filled and the number who have
already applied for accommodations at Mount Desert is already
quite beyond its capacity. Good men are now being turned away.
Always very sincerely yours
HCB/W
Page 1 of 3
Ronald Epp
From:
"Jean Monahan"
To:
;
Cc:
Sent:
Monday, March 10, 2003 9:53 AM
Attach:
%mhudspeth.vcf; mhudspeth.vcf
Subject:
Fwd: Re: Archival Query
Dear Mr. Epp:
Your inquiry regarding interaction between WHOI (or MBL), Mount
Desert Island and Jackson Laboratories. As you know, Dr. Bumpus was
assistant Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the late
1800's. He was also scientific director of the U.S. Fish Commission
in Woods Hole. (I am also forwarding your inquiry to the librarian
and the Fisheries.) As the MBL was a summer institution until the
1970's our records were not well maintained in the early years. Most
scientists took their scientific papers back to their home
institutions with them at the end of the season. Dr. Bumpus was
teaching at Brown University at the time he was associated with the
MBL. Later he became Director of the American Museum of Natural
History in New York. Perhaps one of these institutions might be able
to provide the information you are seeking. Good luck with your
project.
Jean Monahan
Archivist, MBL
>Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 15:27:13 -0500
>From: Marisa Hudspeth
>Organization: WHOI Data Library & Archives
X-Accept-Language: en
>To: Ronald Epp , jmonahan@mbl.edu
>Subject: Re: Archival Query
>X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-100.6 required=7.5
>tests=NOSPAM_INC,QUOTED_EMAIL_TEXT,REFERENCES,SPAM_PHRASE_03_05,
> USER_IN_WHITELIST,X_ACCEPT_LANG
> version=2.44
>X-Spam-Level:
>
>
>Hi Jean,
>
>Could you please take a look at this reference question and see if you
>have anything in your collection that could help this gentleman with his
>research? We do not have any information here connecting WHOI with these
>two biological centers, but thought perhaps MBL faculty and staff may
>have
>had some interaction with them considering the biological emphasis. I
3/17/2003
Page 2 of 3
>ask because I noticed in Mariner that you have a copy of the brochure
>for the MDI Biological Laboratory in your Rare Book Room, as well as a
>few books in the stacks regarding research done there, including one
>thesis comparing the architecture and preservation of MBL and MDI
>Biological Laboratory. Perhaps you have some additional information in
>the Archives?
>
>Thank you very much.
N.A.
Marisa
>
>> Ronald Epp wrote:
>>
>> I am presently engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944),
>> founder and first superintendent of Acadia National Park.
>>
>>
Mr. Dorr was instrumental in establishing on Mount Desert Island (ME)
>> both Jackson Laboratories and the Mount Desert Island Biological
>> Laboratory in the late 1920's.
>>
>> I am curious whether WHOI archives contain any documentation relative
>>
to the early interaction between these three New England biological
>> centers. If so, I would gladly visit WHOI to further my research.
>>
>>
I am led to believe that this might be the case because I have located
>>
at the Rockefeller Archive Center letters ( 1.26.27 and 11.30.27) from
>> Hermon C. Bumpus (Director of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science)
>> that refer to WHOI faculty and students making use of the MDI
>> facilities "where the summers are cooler [and] the fauna in some
>> respects richer." Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. was interested in
>> possible collaboration--if not consolidation--of these biological
>> centers.
>>
>> Thank you for this professional courtesy in addressing this query.
>>
>>
>> Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D.
>> Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library
>> Southern New Hampshire University
>> 2500 North River Road
>> Manchester, NH 03106-1045
603-668-2211, ext. 2164
>>
603-645-9685 (fax)
>Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii;
> name="mhudspeth.vcf"
Content-Transfer-Encoding: 7bit
>Content-Description: Card for Marisa Hudspeth
> Content-Disposition: attachment;
> ilename="mhudspeth.vcf
>
3/17/2003
Page 1 of 3
Ronald Epp
From:
"Jackie Riley"
To:
Cc:
;
Sent:
Monday, March 10, 2003 11:38 AM
Subject:
Re: Fwd: Re: Archival Query
We do not have any information readily available on Bumpus, except that he
was appointed Director of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries, Woods
Hole Laboratory in 1898 for 2 years.
Additional information might be gleaned through reading the Reports
and/or Bulletins of the US Commission of Fish and Fisheries during the
approximate time of his tenure at the Laboratory.
The Smithsonian archives have some Bumpus correspondence with George Goode
who worked on Gulf of Maine fishes.
http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7050.htm
some of his archives are also at Tufts
http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037
http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037%3Ahead%3D%233
http://www.si.edu/archives/archives/findingaids/FARU7050.htm
Jackie Riley, Librarian
NOAA/NMFS/NEFSC Library
Woods Hole, MA
At 09:53 AM 03/10/2003, Jean Monahan wrote:
>Dear Mr. Epp:
>
>Your inquiry regarding interaction between WHOI (or MBL), Mount Desert
>Island and Jackson Laboratories. As you know, Dr. Bumpus was assistant
>Director of the Marine Biological Laboratory in the late 1800's. He was
>also scientific director of the U.S. Fish Commission in Woods Hole. (I am
>also forwarding your inquiry to the librarian and the Fisheries.) As the
>MBL was a summer institution until the 1970's our records were not well
>maintained in the early years. Most scientists took their scientific
>papers back to their home institutions with them at the end of the
>season. Dr. Bumpus was teaching at Brown University at the time he was
>associated with the MBL. Later he became Director of the American Museum
>of Natural History in New York. Perhaps one of these institutions might
>be able to provide the information you are seeking. Good luck with your
>project.
3/17/2003
Page 2 of 3
>Jean Monahan
>Archivist, MBL
>
>>Date: Fri, 07 Mar 2003 15:27:13 -0500
>>From: Marisa Hudspeth
>>Organization: WHOI Data Library & Archives
>> X-Accept-Language: en
>>To: Ronald Epp , jmonahan@mbl.edu
>> Subject: Re: Archival Query
>> X-Spam-Status: No, hits=-100.6 required=7.5
>>
tests=NOSPAM_INC,QUOTED_EMAIL_TEXT,REFERENCES,SPAM_PHRASE_03_05,
>>
USER_IN_WHITELIST,X_ACCEPT_LANG
>>
version=2.44
>>
X-Spam-Level:
>?
>>
>>Hi Jean,
>>
>>Could you please take a look at this reference question and see if you
>>have anything in your collection that could help this gentleman with his
>research? We do not have any information here connecting WHOI with these
>>two biological centers, but thought perhaps MBL faculty and staff may
>>have
>>had some interaction with them considering the biological emphasis. I
>>ask because I noticed in Mariner that you have a copy of the brochure
>>for the MDI Biological Laboratory in your Rare Book Room, as well as a
>>few books in the stacks regarding research done there, including one
>>thesis comparing the architecture and preservation of MBL and MDI
>> Biological Laboratory. Perhaps you have some additional information in
>>the Archives?
>>
>Thank you very much.
>>
>>Marisa
>>
>>> Ronald Epp wrote:
>>>
>>> I am presently engaged in research on George Bucknam Dorr (1853-1944),
>>> founder and first superintendent of Acadia National Park.
>>>
>>> Mr. Dorr was instrumental in establishing on Mount Desert Island (ME)
>>> both Jackson Laboratories and the Mount Desert Island Biological
>>> Laboratory in the late 1920's.
>>>
>>> I am curious whether WHOI archives contain any documentation relative
>>> to the early interaction between these three New England biological
>>>
centers. If so, I would gladly visit WHOI to further my research.
>>>
>>> I am led to believe that this might be the case because I have located
>>> at the Rockefeller Archive Center letters ( 1.26.27 and 11.30.27) from
3/17/2003
Page 3 of 3
>>> Hermon C. Bumpus (Director of the Buffalo Society of Natural Science)
>>>
that refer to WHOI faculty and students making use of the MDI
>>>
facilities "where the summers are cooler [and] the fauna in some
>>> respects richer." Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. was interested in
>>> possible collaboration--if not consolidation--of these biological
>>> centers.
>>>
Thank you for this professional courtesy in addressing this query.
>>>
>>>
>>>
Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D.
>>>
Director of the Harry & Gertrude Shapiro Library
>>>
Southern New Hampshire University
>>>
2500 North River Road
>>>
Manchester, NH 03106-1045
>>>
603-668-2211, ext. 2164
>>> 603-645-9685 (fax)
>Content-Type: text/x-vcard; charset=us-ascii;
>> name="mhudspeth.vcf
>Content-Transfer-Encoding 7bit
>Content-Description: Card for Marisa Hudspeth
>>Content-Disposition: attachment;
>> filename="mhudspeth.vcf"
>
I
3/17/2003
Tufts Digital Library: University Records Collection
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Carey Bumpus, administrative records and related papers,
PANAPHY
1896-1943: Hermon Carey Bumpus, administrative records
and related papers, 1896-1943
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Box 001: Hermon Carey Bumpus, 1914-43
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Call Number: 39090010622294
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Correspondence, 1914-16
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Document Contents:
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Writings and publications, 1896-1915
Scope and Content Note
Historical Note
Box 001: Hermon Carey
Reports to trustees, 1915-17
Bumpus, 1914-43
Box 002: Photographs, ca.
1900-20
World War I, 1917-19
Newspaper clippings, 1914-18
Programs, 1915
Dental School correspondence, 1915-19
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http://nils.lib.tufts.edu/c.../ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A4000.09.0037%3Ahead%3D%23 3/17/2003
1-copies
C.1-Bumpus.
1929
Reports of Dr. Hermon C. Bumpus on Studies made in 1929 on Educational
Projects in Acadia National Park and Yellowstone National Park
ACADIA NATIONAL PARK
tion, and intellectual improvement
within its boundaries a rich and
and any educational program must
varied marine fauna and flora gives it
CADIA National Park, superb in
take into consideration these condi-
an educational value quite its own, a
its occanic. lacustrine, mountain,
tions.
value that is still further enhanced
and woodland features, is incompara-
As above intimated, there is already
by the fact that this is the only loca-
bly the most beautiful and, although
a sufficiency of scientific literature to
tion in the entire system of Parks
one of the smallest, offers the widest
satisfy the average visitor. Research
where the ocean may be observed ac-
range of educational possibilities of
and publication will doubtless con-
tually at work in its tireless process of
any National Park. It has au en-
tinue without special effort on the
remodeling the shore-line, a shore-
tertaining history running back to the
part of the Government. Avenues of
line furthermore presenting a wide
time of Champlain, long before the
approach are already provided. Visi-
range of variation and both a recent
advent of the Pilgrims. Unlike many
and probably will continue
and a remote past of great historical
of the larger Parks, Acadia has grown
to be, exceptionally well-informed,
significance.
in size and in importance by a rapid
and there are already, either within
It is idle for one to make recom-
process of accretion and this process
the Park itself or near its boundaries,
inendations for all educational pro-
in, happily, still going on. Just what
several establishments which make
grain that will extend far into the fu-
are the educational possibilities of
it unnecessary to recommend an ex-
ture, but the pleasure and profit of
this area and how may they best be
tensive program of construction.
those visiting-as well as those now
developed?
A marine biological laboratory, al-
residing near-Acadia may be in-
Mount Desert and the neighboring
tracting a large number of scientists,
creased without the expenditure of
islands and land and the surrounding
has been in operation at Salisbury
any considerable sum of money.
ocean received the attention of geol-
Cove for several years. It has an
On the completion of the highway
logists, botanists, zoologists, geogra-
admirable scientific library, represent-
to the sunmit of Cadillac Mountain,
phers, archeologists and historians
ative collections, aquaria, and a good
there should be an observation sta-
long before the establishment of any
working equipment. Its publications
tion where the visitor could tarry, en-
National Park. There is all abundance
have covered a wide range of sub-
joy-and further enjoy by under-
)
of literature covering it wide range of
jeets.
standing, or partially understanding-
J
subject available for those who de-
At one of the entrances to the
the geological events that have made
sire authoritative information.
Park a number of college students
the superb panorama possible, a
L
The Park area is well provided with
and investigators are occupied with
panorama that extends to the horizon
motor highways and there is a net-
problems connected with the natural
in every direction.
L.
work of bridle paths and charming
fauma and flora. It is here that the
There should be a small museum of
trails leading to all points of interest.
State is maintaining one of its sub-
the trailside-laboratory type located
Although nearer to Chicago and the
stations for the economic study of
near the auto camp and made the
large cities of the East than any of
insects, fungi, etc., in their relations
field headquarters of a competent
the great National Parks, and thus
to forestry.
Ranger Naturalist. Evening lectures
embracing within its radius a major
Geology has received and is still re-
should be given around the campfire.
part of our vast population, Acadia
ceiving the attention of men from
The small buildings on Bar Island
is not a place that is overrun by rest-
eastern universities.
should be kept in repair and it Ranger
less tourists and probably never will
Anthropologists are busy with the
Naturalist selected for this charming
be. Maine, itself, i a great recrea-
archaeological problems and a beauti-
spot who is acquainted with and com-
tional area and its seaside resorts,
ful little museum, of the trailside
petent to care for and tell about the
numerous camps and popular hotels,
type, has been constructed near one
animal and plant life of the locality.
arrest and detain the ordinary tourist.
of the entrances and is freely open to
Most important-in the opinion of
The attractions of this Park appeal
the public.
the undersigned-is the early develop-
rather to those who are able both to
Out in the ocean, on Little Cran-
ment of the shore-liue at and near
recognize and to enjoy the finer crea-
berry Island, quite within sight of the
Anemone Cave. In other Parks,
tions of nature, to those who seek
Park, is it unique and a most in-
much is made of the fossils of marine
quietude, contemplation, inspiration,
structive museum of local history
animals and plants, footprints and
and that kind of mental satisfaction
and at Bar Harbor there is an ex-
petrifactions, but here are living
which accompanies discriminating ap-
cellent public library.
things abundant, colorful and entranc-
preciation.
The waters of Frenchman's Bay are
ing. It is recommended that a series
While it is a recognized duty of the
now receiving special attention by the
of rockwork basins-artificial tide-
Service to provide for the accommo-
Federal Government because of their
pools-be constructed among the
dation and of the multitude visiting
wealth of plankton upon which the
ledges above tidewater and shel-
the National Parks, it is also the duty
fisheries are so immediately depend-
tered by the trees and shrubbery
of the Service-an imperative duty-
ent.
growing luxuriantly in this local-
so to conserve and administer its
An excellent Nature Trail-one of
ily. If these basins, or pools,
priceless possessions that they will
the best-has been maintained for the
are placed on different grades and
not become exhausted, destroyed, or
past two years near Jordan Pond in
a moderate amount of sea-water
even suffer depreciation. Acadia is
the heart of the Park area.
is forced into the highest, the
preeminently a place for those who
The fact that Acadia National Park
overflow, as a little stream, will find
can discriminate, who seek informa-
impinges on the ocean and embraces
its way through the lower pools until
Page 10)
Report on National Parks
it finally returns to the sea. There
be revised by those specially quali-
that will enhance pleasure and pro-
is every reason. to believe that the
lied and has shown its willinguess to
duce a satisfactory grade of intel-
native fishes and other forms of ma-
insert additional material and omit
lectual profit. Those in charge must
rine life will flourish in these shady
portions of only minor importance.
have sympathy, courtesy, patience
pools and if the spot is properly land-
Suggestions to this end will be made
and all almost inexhaustible fund of
scaped, 11 will give it kind of pleasure
the subject of a special report.
general and technical information.
and profit to those visiting the Park
A second publication, "Haynes'
They must have an equipment of
that cannot be provided in any other
Guide," is privately printed and is
maps, guides, etc., adequate to meet
way or place. The cost of operating
purchased by about one in twenty
all reasonable requests.
all outdoor aquarium would be trivial
of those entering the Park. This high
It is the plan to make each Bu-
when compared with the good it
percentage of sales argues for a real
reau of Information an essential part
would do.
desire on the part of the public to
of each Trailside Museum. The lat-
Another recommendation is to the
obtain-to even pay for-reliable in-
ter is merely a practical device for
effect that the several centers of in-
formation. The publisher has ex-
giving information about local phe-
terest, both on Mount Desert Island
pressed a desire to revise and improve
nomena. Why not then, extend its
and the National Park areas on the
this booklet SO that it may continue
functions to include all questions
main land be linked together by the
to be the best thing of its kind in
which arise locally? If a visitor
publication of a Trailside Guide, sim-
the Park and thus the better serve
wants to know the way to the buffalo
lar to that used at Yellowstone.
the public.
corral he will doubtless profit by an
The recommendations here em-
For several years the Park Natu-
inspection of other ungulates and the
bodied are justified as applying to the
ralist and those cooperating with him
descriptive matter accompanying the
inumediate, rather than the remote,
have issued from Yellowstone is
exhibits close at hand.
future. They involve an enlargement
mimeographed monthly, similar to
It is planned that each Bureau of
of the Ranger Naturalist service and
that issued by several of the Na-
Information will be an organic part
increased appropriation for construc-
tional Parks. This is primarily a
of each Trailside Museum and each
tion, maintenance. etc. They should
"friend-maker." Its obvious func-
local Museum will become, in fact, a
not all be undertaken at once, but
tion-as a means of recording local
bureau of information.
should be developed on is firm basis
observations and sustaining the in-
The Trailside Notes-each covering
of observation and experience.
terest of those who have once visited
a special section of the "Loop" and
the Park-should be sustained. The
other highways, as above described-
YELLOWSTONE NATIONAL
Park Naturalist also issues a Ranger
will serve not only as it source of
Naturalists' Manual.
reliable information and as a sus-
PARK
For something like five hundred
tainer of interest between the respec-
years, the printed page has been a
live termini, but will prepare the
IN
ORDER to have constructive
means of popular education, and the
visitor, on arrival at the information
value, a report on educational
use of printed material for conveying
center, more profitably to make use
projects already undertaken at Yel-
information in the National Parks
of the agencies of information-
lowstone, and on opportunities for
will doubtless continue to outrank in
Nature Guides, relief maps, charts,
further educational work, it is neces-
importance and in efficiency all other
specimens, exhibits, etc.--there pro-
sary to consider: The educational
agencies. The preparation and issue,
vided. It is more profitable for a
agencies operating at the present
as an experiment, during the past
tourist to understand what he has
time and their present and potential
summer of "Trailside Notes" amply
seen than to indulge in faulty visions
efficiency. The principal localities
demonstrates the practical value of
of what he is about to see.
where these agencies are operating
this method of popular instruction.
and the sufficiency or insufficiency of
The publication covered only the
(c) Museums.
the places chosen. The reaction of
motor trail from Mammoth to
In Yellowstone, with its several
the tourist toward existing educa-
Norris Junction and was hastily
centers of outstanding interest, it is
tional efforts. The reaction of utility
drafted and hurriedly printed. The
planned to construct a series of
operators. Prophecies and recom-
reaction of the public, as shown by
buildings of the Trailside Museum
mendations concerning the imme-
return postals, is such as to warrant
type, each intended primarily to ex-
diate future.
the extension of the system to other
plain the phenomena of its imme-
The educational instruments and
sections of the Park and to all main
diate neighborhood. While this is
agencies in operation within the park
approaches. Properly prepared, a
the primary purpose of these estab-
at the present time are as follows:
series of Trailside Notes will not only
lishments, experience has shown that
(a) Publications; Trailside Notes.
serve the public but will enable the
the visitor is frequently keenly in-
(h) Bureaus of Information.
motor drivers and other employees
terested in what he has observed on
(e) Museums.
10 derive and dispense reliable infor-
his journey to the station and not
(d) Lectures.
mation and will net as it check upon
indifferent to what he is to see on
(e) Nature Guide Service.
misconceptions and misrepresenta-
his way to the next stopping place.
(f) Trail/ide Notices.
tions.
The location of these stopping
(g) Nature Trails.
places is it matter of basic impor-
(h) Photographie Facilities.
(b) Bureaus of Information.
tance. They are the exclamation and
(i) Animal Enclosures.
The "checking-in stations" and the
interrogation points of an informa-
(j) "Caravans."
Bureaus of Information are the first
tional recital. They must be timed
(k) Public Utility Operators.
points of contact between the visitor
to the schedule of traffic and situated
and the Park personnel. The atti-
where there are ample parking facili-
(a) Publications.
lude of the visitor toward the man-
ties, an adequate supply of water
The so-called "Circular of Infor-
agement of the Park is definitely
and where the standard sanitary
mation" issued by the government
and often permanently established
regulations and provisions may be
and given to all entering the Park
at these points of entry. Here the
conformed with.
is and probably will continue to be
tourist should feel that he is entering
The construction and equipment
the most generally used agency of
territory that is spiritually elevating
of these ininor museums classify as
information and instruction. The
and that those wearing the Park uni-
capital expenditures. Their opera-
Service has itself prepared, printed
form are companions competent and
tion, however, becomes a charge
and contributed this very practical
willing to assist in overcoming diffi-
against current maintenance. It is
publication and has expressed a de-
culties, in designating economics and
proper that economy be practised
sire that the several sections should
in recommending ways and means
under both classes and it is probable
[ Page 11)
Hermon Carey Bumpus
Naturalist
on
Prepared by
ALICE HALL WALTER
Providence, R.I.
October 20, 1943
920
B917w
1943
2
Published by the
AUDUBON SOCIETY OF RHODE ISLAND
In commemoration of its
FIRST PRESIDENT
1897-1901
and
HONORARY PRESIDENT
1941-1943
SOCIETY
OF
1897
October
3
Hermon Carey Bumpus
Born May 5th, 1862
East Buckfield, Maine
Died June 21st, 1943
Pasadena, California
So briefly did Hermon Carey Bumpus sum
up his span of life, on a card which he ex-
pressed a wish should be sent to his nearest
friends after his passing.
It was like him to put into these few words
what his part in over three-quarters of a
century had been.
Born near the Atlantic, his last days spent
not far from the Pacific, from ocean to ocean
his influence extends,-even further, north,
south, and to foreign lands.
It could hardly have been thought that
a lad born in the country but whose boy-
hood was spent in the city, was destined to
become a naturalist, or that his lifework
would be ever expanding in an effort to bring
the truth and beauty in nature within reach
of everyone.
As an eager observer of whatever came
to hand, as a learner searching in all direc-
tions for the truth, as a teacher whose force-
ful personality stirred the best in his students,
or in the wider fields to which his many
Taken at Tufts College in 1915
11
46 pages
MtPh.NC.
K619: H.S/Int. TO 1955
Box K18C0
Wairza
Dr. Burupus is seated third from left.
c. 1947.
HERMON
CAREY
BUMPUS
Yankee Naturalist
by
HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, JR.
is
THE UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA PRESS
Hermon Carey Bumpus
Minneapolis
Preface
Copyright 1947 by the
THE life story of Hermon Carey Bumpus was SO out of the
UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
ordinary and intimately touched and influenced SO many
All rights reserved. No part of this book
persons that his good friend Dr. A. D. Mead volunteered to
may be reproduced in any form without
the written permission of the publisher.
record it. Unfortunately, circumstances made it necessary for
Permission is hereby granted to reviewers
Dr. Mead to give up the work after he had accumulated
to quote brief passages in a review to be
printed in a magazine or newspaper.
much of the material for this biography.
Dr. Herbert E. Walter, a friend and former associate of
PRINTED BY THE GEORGE BANTA PUBLISHING COMPANY
both Dr. Bumpus and Dr. Mead, then generously offered to
MENASHA, WISCONSIN
take over. With skill and patience he articulated the parts of
this biography, but he too was prevented from completing
the project. Of his work he wrote: "It has been a pleasant
task, with abundant original documentary sources at hand,
to attempt a compilation of the fascinating adventures of
this man whom SO many friends remember with affection and
respect. To do this has been a willing labor of love."
With deep appreciation of the work done by Dr. Mead and
Dr. Walter, I have endeavored to build on the foundation
laid by them, adding material and memories that came to me
through a close association with my father for over fifty
years.
HERMON CAREY BUMPUS, JR.
135144
DWOOD LIBRAID
3
Table of Contents
I. ANCESTRY AND BOYHOOD
3
II. AS STUDENT AND BEGINNING TEACHER
17
III. WOODS HOLE
25
IV. BROWN UNIVERSITY, 1890-1900
35
V. THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HIS-
TORY, 1900-1910
54
VI. FRIEND TO THE GAEKWAR OF BARODA
73
VII. UNIVERSITY ADMINISTRATOR, Wisconsin 1911-
1914, Tufts 1915-1919
79
VIII. BUILDER AND GARDENER
92
IX. TRAILSIDE MUSEUMS
103
X. NATIONAL PARK SERVICE AND OTHER PROJ-
ECTS
112
XI. INDIAN SUMMER
121
APPENDIX: Memorials and Resolutions, Memberships and
Offices, Papers and Addresses
128
INDEX
139
List of Illustrations
Hermon Carey Bumpus
frontispiece
Laurin Aurelius Bumpus and Abbie Ann Eaton Bumpus
26
Hermon Carey Bumpus and Lucy Ella Nightingale, 1886
26
The reappearance of the "extinct" tilefish was a dramatic inci-
dent of Bumpus' Woods Hole days
33
Hermon Carey Bumpus (from the painting by Howard E. Smith
in Sayles Hall, Brown University)
58
American Museum of Natural History
59
A bungalow from the Philippine exhibit at the St. Louis Exposi-
tion became the Bumpus summer home
59
The Brown Bear bonds, a Bumpus idea, brought contributions to
Brown University's endowment drive
90
There were Little Brown Bear bonds, too
between 90 and 91
The trailside museum, now familiar to all national park tourists,
was originated by Bumpus
between 90 and 91
HERMON CAREY BUMPUS
The natural history shrine-another educational device con-
ceived by Bumpus
91
Yankee Naturalist
Boston cartoonists had a field day when Bumpus suggested fuller
labels for the trees on the Common
110
Bumpus Butte, Yellowstone National Park
122
Bumpus in Yellowstone Park, where a trailside museum will be
named for him
123
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Series 2