Rockefeller J.D.Jr 1874-1960 V U shide 26 Breadway Rude Palto Basttail New York faying out October 18, 1928 Dear Mr. Lynam: I quote the following passage from a letter just received from Mr. Gist Blair: "This is just a personal word to express my additional appreciation and to say I have appointed a Committee on Bridle Paths on which the riding master serves to try and bring into Bar Harbor a connection for our riding and driving with your wonderful roadways. Mr. Jay, our former U.S.Ambassador to Roumania, who has some seven horses, has consented to serve on the Committee. Mr. Livingston and Dave H. Morris and Dorr also have consented to serve. I have ridden for many years, 80 per- sonally know of what value this can be especially for the very young who otherwise drift into vagaries." Clearly, these people are proposing to force something in regard to a bridle path connection with the road system at some point in Bar Harbor. My only fear is that what they may do may tend to make more difficult the purchase of lands which we might otherwise have been able to secure for park purposes in the area in which the Committee is interesting itself. Please let me know what you kbow about its plans. Please also advise me at your con- venience what you and Mr. Dorr have finally worked out in line with Mr. Livingston's talk with me about the bridle path connection which I reported to you in the early fall. Very truly, Mr. A. H. Lynam, John D Cockifillist Bar Harbor, Maine. NEW YORK BOOKING OFFICE THE RITZ-CARLTON HOTEL STREET & MADISON AVENUE THE HOME STEAD BATH HOUSE is UNDER THE DIRECTION OF OR FRANK HOPKINS Medical Dinectors OPEN ALL THE YEAR ROOMS FOR THE HOMESTEAD HOTEL CHRISTIAN S.ANDERSEN, RESIDENT MANAGER MAY ALSO BE RESERVED AT THE RITZ-CARLTON PHILADELPHIA HOT SPRINGS VA. April 3rd, 1931 Dear Mr Dorr: I am sorry that it has not been possible to clear off the burned wood on Beach Hill. This SOOKIE to the an important thing to do st the earliest possible moment. I am enclosing copy of a letter which I have just written Mr Miller. Doubtles you would trust him, as I would, to 10 the Basch Hill work, if he could 80 arrange. I would be willing to pay for huring it done. Unless you can make a bettor arrangement, assuming Mr Millar thinks it not impractical for him to undertake the work, his you better not arrange with his to do it at once ? I shall be at the above address for the next two or three weeks. Very truly, goland Mr George 3 Dorr, University Club, New York 26 Broadway New York February 23, 1927. Dear Mr. Lynam: I am enclosing herewith a letter just received from Mr. Vignoles. Mr. Vignoles did not consult me before renting Morrell Park and I am under no obligation to him in the matter. Obviously, however, if such a bridle path connection as he speaks of were possible, it would be advantageous for all horse lovers and is a thing much to be desired. You will know better than I whether anything could be done by the Town of Bar Harbor in regard to the matter. I am writing Mr. Vignoles that I have brought the subject to your attention. Very truly, Mr. A. H. Lynam, Bar Harbor, Maine. Enc JOHN D. ROCKETTEER JR 1871-1960 An Elvenford photograph Some representative generosities of a true friend of conservation John D. Rockefeller, Jr. By Horace M. Albright W HILE STILL A YOUNG MAN, THE in earlier times had been reached by tional Park. he was impressed with late John D. Rockefeller, Jr. a cog rail line. Much road building the importance of the museum that established a summer home on a for. was done by Mr. Rockefeller. who en- was under construction there to house ested height overlooking Seal Harbor, joyed close personal cooperation with artifacts from the cliff dwellings and on Mount Desert Island. Maine. When workers in bridge and rock-wall con- other ruins, and in which the story of George B. Dorr, the "father" of Acadia struction. vista-cutting and roadside the early occupancy of the region was National Park, began the acquisition and slope replanting and preservation. to be told. He asked Mr. Nushaum if of mountains, forests and open spaces On his own lands he built a system of he could be permitted to make a con. on the island with a view toward pre- horse roads and trails. and then ex- tribution toward completion of the serving them in their natural state, tended them into the park in several building. The generous offer was ac- Mr. Rockefeller took a deep interest directions. In his will. Mr. Rockefeller cepted. and must be regarded as the in the project, and by gifts of lands bequeathed these properties to Acadia first of Mr. Rockefeller's many gifts and funds aided in advancing the oh- Park, with their beautiful roads, trails of benefit to the western parks. jectives of the plan to the point where and bridges. His personal expenditures On his visit to Yellowstone Park the Secretary of the Interior could rec- in and for Acadia Park, aside from that year. he was disturbed to note the ommend the establishment of the Sieur this bequest. totalled $3.600,000. roadsides on the Grand Loop Highway de Monts National Monument in 1916. connecting the principal nature fea- Later this area became Acadia Na- A Western Visit tures of the park. In the forested areas. tional Park. In 1924, Mr. Rockefeller visited sev- the timber cut from the right-of-way of Here Mr. Rockefeller, with the great eral western national parks, including highways had been piled on one or landscape architect Frederick Law Grand Canyon, Mesa Verde, Yellow- both sides and had been rotting for Olmsted, Jr., planned the motor road stone and Glacier. On this trip he be- years. Telephone lines further dese- through and around the park with came interested in the National Park crated the landscape. When told. in broad vistas of the adjacent bays and Service and its problems and pro- answer to his questions, that Con- their islands, and the highway to the grams. While with Superintendent gress had refused appropriations for summit of Cadillac Mountain, which Jesse L. Nusbaum in Mesa Verde Na- clean-up operations, Mr. Rockefeller 8 NATIONAL PARKS MAGAZINE (1961) offered to do the work. Before the Director of the National Park Service forests, $2,800,000 of State funds was Yellowstone roadside work was done, from 1929 to 1933, Horace M. Albright needed. Mr. Rockefeller made the con- also served for thirty-five years as an clean-up had been adopted as an essen- tribution of $1,000,000 that completed advisor to John D. Rockefeller, Jr. in tial item in road improvement almost the conservation and preservation fields. this fund. The Calaveras Groves- everywhere in the country. north and south-are now in a State In 1926, Mr. and Mrs. Rockefeller park. visited many of the national parks. On In 1925, a movement to establish a second visit to Yellowstone, Mr. redwood belt in northern California. national parks in the east received of- was Rockefeller became interested in the At that time he authorized the acquisi- ficial recognition, and a Federal com- 6bl Teton Mountains and the northern tion-through the Save-the-Redwoods mission was appointed to recommend part of Jackson Hole, where a national League-of the Bull Creek Grove of areas for possible national park status. park officer and a group of local citi- coast redwoods, one of the finest Two outstanding mountain regions zens had worked on a plan to acquire stands of trees in the world. Some were selected after extensive studies. large tracts of private lands to make twenty-five years later, he reluctantly These were in the Great Smoky Moun- possible the restoration of one of the gave his consent to a proposal of the tains, on the boundary line between most beautiful mountain regions of California Park Commission to name Tennessee and North Carolina, and in the world. this State park the Rockefeller Red- the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia. The next year he undertook to carry wood Forest. Congress authorized the parks but pro- out this program, and in the next few vided that all lands for them had to be Yosemite Pines Saved years purchased nearly 35,000 acres acquired by the States in which the of lands at a cost of upwards of In 1928, after reading a New York designated potential parks lay. The $1,500,000. In 1950, after many years Times editorial deploring the cutting Great Smoky Mountain project in- of political interference and obstruc- of sugar- and yellow-pine forests within volved an outlay of $10,000,000, which tion. Grand Teton National Park (orig- Yosemite National Park on private the States could not afford at the time. inally created in 1929 to embrace only lands, Mr. Rockefeller proposed to pro- Mr. Rockefeller offered to make $5,- a high mountain area and some lakes) vide one-half the funds to buy these 000,000 available from the Laura was extended across Jackson Hole. and timber holdings if the Government Spelman Rockefeller Memorial Fund, the Rockefeller lands were deeded to would make available an equal amount. provided the States of Tennessee and the United States for park purposes. In Thus there were acquired, in 1931, North Carolina would match this grant recent years, Mr. Rockefeller granted nearly 16,000 acres of superb timber dollar for dollar, the grant to be in funds to erect the Jackson Hole Lodge for Yosemite at a cost of $3,300,000, memory of his mother. The lands were and to provide fine tourist facilities at one-half of which was Mr. Rockefel- acquired and the park established. Jenny Lake and Coulter Bay in this ler's gift. In the case of the Blue Ridge area, national park. Well over $10,000,000 A few years ago, the South Cala- Mr. Rockefeller contributed $164,000 was made available for land purchase veras Grove of Big Trees-the moun- toward the acquisition of lands for and construction of facilities for visi- tain redwoods, Sequoia gigantea- Shenandoah National Park, embracing tors. were threatened with destruction, along nearly 200,000 acres and stretching It was during his 1926 trip to the with another outstanding area of sugar- ninety miles along the summit of the West that Mr. Rockefeller visited the pine forest. To save these priceless mountains. The panoramic scene below, reproduced from a photograph marked "Proposed Great Smoky Mountains National Park," shows Clingman's Dome (right of center on skyline) dominating the hazy ridges of the Great Smokies. A Rockefeller gift was instrumental in establishing area as a park. Courtesy of Thompsons APRIL 1961 9 ample encouraging others to undertake Croton River. a fine colonial structure important resource conservation proj. of the late 1600's; the Philipse prop- ects. I have not touched on the large erty, just north of Tarrytown in the grants for museums in Yellowstone, Sleepy Hollow section; and Washing. Yosemite and Grand Canyon, and for ton Irving's home south of Tarrytown. interpretative studies which ran to a These three projects have cost several total of a quarter of a million dollars. million dollars, and. except for the Van Cortlandt House. are not vet com- Colonial Williamsburg Restored pleted. although the Irving House In the field of restoration of his- (Sunnyside) can and should be visited toric sites and structures, Mr. Rocke- by all National Parks Association feller's greatest work has been at Wil- members who find themselves near it. liamsburg, Virginia, where since 1926 On the opposite shore of the Hudson he had extensive archeological studies River is the Palisades Interstate Park. Metropolitan Museum of Art undertaken. He also instigated long At the turn of the century. the face The Cloisters, a branch of New York City's research in the architectural and land- of the Palisades and the land at their Metropolitan Museum of Art, is located in scape features of the program, and base along the river were acquired by Fort Tryon Park. Bo:h the building and the restoration of the public buildings and New York philanthropists; but Mr. park were contributions of Mr. Rockefeller. most of the business and residential Rockefeller. over a long period of structures of the old city. The cost of years, patiently and at a cost of $19.- The Park Service is completing the this extraordinary program thus far 868,000. bought most of the land on Blue Ridge Parkway, 477 miles in has been $68.500.000. Mr. Rockefeller top of the Palisades and presented it length, connecting these two great na- maintained a home in Williamsburg to the States of New York and New tional parks. In North Carolina. in the Bassell Hall-and spent two months a Jersev. This handsome grant made Grandfather Mountain region. the year there, actively participating in the possible the construction of the superb beautiful Linville Gorge and Falls ad. solution of problems arising out of the Interstate Parkway that has been ex- jacent to the Parkway were threatened restoration program. tended to Bear Mountain. with destruction. Mr. Rockefeller again He also acquired more than 250 And finally, there is Fort Tryon stepped in, and at a cost of nearly acres of the farm, Wakefield, where Park and the Cloisters in New York $100,000 bought the threatened terri- George Washington was born, and City, near the east end of the George tory and gave it to the Government. gave the tract to the government. It is Washington Bridge, two more of Mr. This is only a brief recital of some now a part of the George Washington Rockefeller's contributions that are of the outstanding contributions by Birthplace National Monument. deeply appreciated by all who see Mr. Rockefeller toward preserving our Along the Hudson River. Mr. Rocke- them. The Cloisters are administered native landscape, in creating new na- feller acquired and restored the Van as a branch of the Metropolitan Mu- tional and State parks, and by his ex- Cortlandt House near the mouth of the seum of Art. Horace Marden Albright Medal Awarded Justice Douglas E ACH YEAR SINCE 1929, the Ameri- Check can Scenic and Historic Preserva- tion Society, incorporated in 1895 as an organization dedicated to the pro- tection of natural scenery, preserva- tion of historic landmarks, and city improvement, has made a number of The Horace Marden Albright Scenic Preservation Medal. awards to individuals particularly dis- tinguishing themselves in various fields ternationally known conservationist, Scenic Preservation Medal, hand- of conservation and preservation. and a member of the board of trustees somely executed by the noted sculptor Among the recipients of the Soci- of the National Parks Association. Paul Manship. ety's thirty-second annual awards, pre- For his great achievements in mo- Accepting the medal in behalf of sented at the organization's headquar- bilizing public opinion in behalf of Justice Douglas, whose Supreme Court ters in New York City, January 18, conservation and toward the need for duties precluded his attendance at the 1961, was the Honorable William O. the preservation of wilderness and its ceremony, was Mr. Anthony Wayne Douglas, associate justice of the Su- values, Justice Douglas was presented Smith, executive secretary of the Na- preme Court of the United States, in- with the Horace Marden Albright tional Parks Association. 10 NATIONAL PARKS MAGAZINE BRIDGEWATER STATE UNIVERSITY Bridgewater Review Volume 7 | Issue 1 Article 8 Sep-1989 John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s Contributions to American Conservation and Historic Preservation Janet Rocap Recommended Citation Rocap, Janet (1989) John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s Contributions to American Conservation and Historic Preservation. Bridgewater Review, 7(1), 12-14. Available at: http://vc.bridgew.edu/br_rev/vol7/iss1/8 This item is available as part of Virtual Commons, the open-access institutional repository of Bridgewater State University, Bridgewater, Massachusetts. ESSAY John D. Rockefeller, Jr. S Contributions to American Conservation and Historic Preservation Bv Janet Rocap A merican environmental his- landscaping projects on the hundreds cesses with Standard Oil Company tory is replete with the contri- of acres of rolling woodlands. John Both father and son shared the belief butions of men and women of must have been fascinated by watching that the Rockefeller fortune was the many vocations: philosophers (like the building of paths and roads, the worthy fruit of the work of a Christian Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry planting of trees, and the construction gentleman. Rockefeller worked hard David Thoreau). scientists (like George of a lake because he developed an throughout his life so that his many Perkins Marsh and John Wesley expertise in(groundskeeping which en- gifts made in the public interest would Powell). political advocates (like Gif- abled him. by the age of sixteen, to overcome the hated specter of "tainted ford Pinchot and Stewart Udall). and become responsible for much of such money." Efficient and well-conceived crusaders (like John Muir and Rachel work at Forest Hill. From the age of giving became Rockefeller's vocation, Carson) John D. Rockefeller, Jr. was ten he enjoyed traveling with the family and his genius for philanthropy earned none of these, yet he has earned a place to areas of scenic beauty such as much praise for the family name. of distinction as one of the great Yellowstone National Park. During His philosophy toward his inherited benefactors of the twentieth century the winters, his father's business inter- wealth was revealed to friend and movement to conserve national re- ests brought the family to their New biographer Raymond B. Fosdick sources. One of America's greatest York City home, and led to their I was born into [wealth] It philanthropists. Rockefeller donated establishing an estate at Pocantico. was there like air or food or any $474 million to a variety of interests New York. which gave John an oppor- other element The only between 1916 and 1959 including tunity to explore the Hudson River question with wealth is what generous gifts to several national parks Valley The national parks of the west you do with it. It can be used for and historic restoration projects, like as well as numerous sites along the evil purposes or it can be an Colonial Williamsburg. Virginia The Hudson became favorite places for instrumentality for constructive wisdom (and) shrewd timing of his Rockefeller. and he would return to social living. funding together with his love of them many times as an adult. often Rockfeller studied economics and beauty and nature, made his contribu- funding projects. sociology at Brown University, and tions important ones, insuring that the His deep commitment to philanthro- after graduation in 1897. joined his Rockefeller legacy will provide to gener- py was also rooted in childhood. John father's office in New York City. ations of Americans the opportunity to would never know the loose and lazy Although he showed no great talent for appreciate this nation's scenic lands life of a rich man's son. Strict Baptists. business, he became acquainted with and unique heritage the family followed a church-centered men who would help him further his Rockefeller's life-long love for the life which stressed duty to God and fel- own interests. One such man was out-of-doors began in his childhood low man Daily Bible reading was a de- Frederick T. Gates, a former Baptist He was born on January 29. 1874 in vout ritual that Rockefeller would keep minister who handled various Rocke- Cleveland Ohio. the fifth child and throughout his life. Temperance, thrift. feller charities. Rockefeller would later only son of wealthy industrialist John and charity, the forceful opinions of the credit his influence as having taught D. Rockefeller, Sr. and Laura Celestia household. were both preached and him much about philanthropy Spelman From the age of four John lived These virtues remained important Among Rockefeller's duties for his enjoyed summers at the family home- tenets of his adult years. father's organization was the repair of stead at Forest Hill. Ohio, which were Rockefeller's philanthropic endeav- properties such as the home at Forest full of country pleasures, including ors were no doubt motivated in part by Hill He was a perfectionist. very. con- boating, swimming horseback riding, desire to vindicate the Rockefeller cerned with detail, who liked to deal hiking. picnicking and bicycling His name Rockefeller. Sr. was frequently personally with craftsmen. such as father was enthusiastically undertaking maligned for his Robber Baron suc- carpenters. Rockefeller was fond of 12 carrying a four-foot rule in his back United States Congress failed to act pocket. which he used often throughout upon vital national interests it was up to his life as he toured his various projects. private initiative. During a visit to Mesa His acquired expertise in construction Verde, Colorado, Rockefeller asked techniques served him well on later Superintendent Jesse Nusbaum how restorations. much money had been appropriated by In 1901 Rockefeller married Abigail the government for a museum there. Aldrich. daughter of Senator Nelson Upon hearing the reply, "Nothing," Aldrich of Rhode Island Their forty- Rockefeller stated. "I want to contribute seven year marriage included a special and help you demonstrate the merits of compatibility regarding philanthropy your museum project, with the under- Mrs. Rockefeller was a great patron of standing. of course. that it is properly a the arts She worked closely with her government responsibility.` husband on projects such as The Returning west in 1926, Rockefeller Cloisters in New York, a museum and toured Jackson Hole Basin in the fine architectural restoration. Grand Teton Mountain area. His guide The year 1910 would be identified Yellowstone Superintendent later by Rockefeller as a turning point Horace Albright. who would serve in his life. At the age of thirty-six he later as head of the National Park began to move away from the business John D. Rockefeller... Service. This meeting was the beginning world. where his high positions in Sr. fortune, $500 million, had been of a thirty-year association which companies like Standard Oil brought transferred to his son. who was forty- would see them often collaborating on him little satisfaction. The next decade seven years old The vastness of these conservation projects. Albright pur- would see him play an increasing role financial resources enabled Rockefeller posely led the Rockefellers past views in conservation activity which must to pursue very large-scale projects cluttered with run-down shacks His have provided him a welcomed haven While other families among the nation's scheme to interest Rockefeller in acquir- from the unpleasantness of business most wealthy were generous with gifts ing and preserving the area worked: the In 1916 he donated five thousand to museums, hospitals, alma maters, result was a gift of over thirty thousand acres near his summer home at Seal and foundations, Rockefeller's philan- acres to Grand Teton National Park. Harbor Maine, to help establish what thropy was characterized less by a Legal hassles and negative publicity would become Acadia National Park. sense of noblesse oblige and more by a delayed the presentation until 1950. the first national park cast of the Missis- systematic approach to undertake pro- More gifts followed That same year sippi River The following year be jects designed to serve the public inter- Rocketeller initiated what would be- granted permission to build and main- est Particularly appealing were worthy come a $2 million bequest to establish tain roadways on the island, which re- causes which might gain initial success Redwood National Park in California. sulted in sixty miles of well-built roads. due to an infusion of Rockefeller Several large gifts. also in 1926. bene- The following year he offered fiftv- money but could later become inde- fited parks farther east, including six acres in Upper Manhattan to New pendent of his funding. One such stone Shenandoah National Park in Virginia, York City for Fort Tryon Park The National Park and a $5 million memorial donation to gift would not be accepted until 1930 In 1924 Rockefeller. along with his Great Smoky Mountains National This was the first of several times in wife and three of their sons, toured Park in Tennessee as a tribute to his Rockefeller's career when he would several wilderness areas of the west mother Two years later he offered to have to hold a donation in trust until Yellowstone. a place of fond boyhood match all government funds that would legal and political barriers were over memories was in an appalling condi- add to the forested acres of Yosemite come Across the Hudson River. he tion For over five decades the nation's National Park in California. This re- was acquiring acres along the cliffs of first national park had suffered from a sulted in an addition of ffiteen thou- the Palisades for later presentation to lack of administrative and financial sand acres at a cost of $1,750,000. the state of New York attention. The fledgling National Park In the 1950's Horace Albright re- |wenty-five miles up river the thirty~ Service, established in 1916. was strug- flected upon Rockefeller's contribu- five hundred acre estate at Pocantico gling to care for the magnificent areas tions to the conservation movement had become an "experiment in conser- under its jurisdiction. Many public Remembering the difficulties of creat- vation" under Rockefeller's guidance lands had been nearly ruined by irrespon- ing the National Park System. Albright Carefully designed landscaping and sible use. caused in part by having been credits Rockefeller as one who "quietly roadways satisfied his sensitive appre- overseen by a variety of agencies, stepped in at critical times and turned ciation of nature. "The impulse to build including the Army. Rockefeller was the tide when everything seemed to be enclaves of quiet harmony was a deep- moved to fund an immediate clean-up going against us." seated one" in Rockefeller of Yellowstone roadways, A Phi Beta Kappa banquet held in By 1921 the bulk of Rockefeller Rockefeller believed that when the New York City in February 1924 was 13 ESSAY (continued) the spark which would revolutionize mate The price of Colonial Williams Rockefeller's identification with the historic preservation in the | nited burg came to over $100 million. half of conservation movement was the result States The address a proposal that the which was Rockefeller money of concerns he shared with others in the Society build a memorial hall at the The project to restore the colonal Progressive Era. Since the latter decades College of William and Mary in Will capital of Virginia interested Rocke- of the nineteenth century there had been hamsburg. Virginia, was delivered by letter more deeply than any of his other a growing awareness among scientists the Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin projects. His personal involvement and others that ever-increasing indus- rector of the town's Bruton Parish would last over thirty years. Until his trialization was a threat to the environ- Church Goodwin, a charismatic vision- death in 1960 he spent "twice-yearly ment. The Progressive Era, which saw ary had dreams of resening the small sojourns at Bassett Hall, a fine colonial the advent of a variety of reform agen- town from its shabby modern trappings mansion on the edge of Williamsburg" cies in an attempt to solve society's ills and restoring it to its colonial grandeur in order to oversee the expansion and with government solutions. also turned Rockefeller's polite expression of inter maintenance of the great undertaking its attention to the stewardship of the est in Williamsburg spurred Goodwin The Williamsburg restoration be- land. debate over what types of policy to present a restoration proposal to the came school or historic preservation to implement split conservationists be- Rockefeller organization four months work Rockefeller insisted on perfec- tween two philosophies One side later He was turned down X similar tion in all aspects of the project. which sought maximum economic utility of proposal to the Henry Ford organiza- required an extensive historical re- resources, as espoused by the politically tion was also refused search Authenticity was recreated in active forester, Gifford Pinchot. The Goodwin's enthusiasm for his idea detail, from exact placement of build- goal of the other. in the tradition of was matched by his persistence. A 1926 ings on their original sites to use of naturaliso John Muir, was aesthetic: to visit brought Rockefeller to Williams- materials which replicated those of the prevent human intrusion from spoiling burg Goodwin made good use of the colonial period. Rockefeller assembled nature Rockefeller took a middle view opportunity to guide his party on a a large staff of professionals whose He argued that government should regu- tour of the town and captured Rocke- methods would become the standard'in late designated areas, such as national feller's imagination To his delight. historic preservation parks. in the public interest. This meant Goodwin soon discovered that Rocke- The fine work of dozens of archeolo- providing with sufficient ameni- teller envisioned a restoration project gists and architects was integral to the ties, like museums, to aid in their on a larger scale than Goodwin had restoration. and Rockefeller loved to appreciation and recreational enjoy- dared hope Rockefeller's interest in work beside them Among the many ment of the area. while avoiding un- restoring a large area of the town (or accolades bestowed upon Rockefeller sightly development. such as billboard none at all) was characteristic of the for his involvement were honorary advertisements and tawdry souvenir man "I'm only interested in ideal memberships in the American Institute stands, which would detract from the projects, he asserted of Architects in 1936 and the Society of beauty of nature. His position was Goodwin was authorized to begin Landscape Architects in 1938. attractive to the numbers of tourists purchasing Williamsburg properties Rockefeller's funding of the Williams- who with the advent of Henry Ford's but was hampered by Rockefeller's burg restoration led the way for similar automobile. took to the road in increas- insistence that his identity as benefactor projects across the nation. Until Wil- ing numbers to view the scenic parks be kept a secret. Not until 1928 was liamsburg, restorations were done on a and historic shrines. Goodwin allowed to announce the much smaller scale, and the costs were John D. Rockefeller. Jr.'s role in the town's patron The names, "Mr and often borne by the middle class. Besides conservation and historic preservation Mrs. John D Rockefeller Jr." were developing the expertise which would movements of this century was the met with enthusiastic applause be instrumental in other projects. the result of a keen interest in nature. an The restoration involved rebuilding Williamsburg experience was a drama- appreciation of the cultural heritage of more than one hundred colonial struc- tic inspiration which captured public America, and a sincere desire to serve tures. forty of which were still standing terest and helped to gain support for the the public interest via philanthropy in 1926. Painstaking care was necessary growing historic preservation movement. From the coast of Maine to California's to accurately reproduce historic build Rockefeller became involved in other redwood forests to the cobbled streets ings which included the House of restoration projects. He aided Ver- of Colonial Williamsburg. the United Burgesses and the famed Raleigh sailles, Fontainebleau, and Reims in States has been enriched by his contribu- Tavern, a meeting place for George their recovery from damage sustained tions Historian Roderick Nash has Washington. George Mason and during World War 1. Several sites of written that a country's stewardship of Patrick Henry. The project required historic interest along his favorite its historic monuments tells as much purchasing some two hundred parcels stretches of the lower Hudson River about those who preserved it as it does of property from private owners The were restored. including Philipsburg about the original builders In that restoration. which opened to the public Manor, Van Cortlandt Manor, and case, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. has in 1936. cost far more than Rocke- Sunnyside. the former home of writer earned a hero's legacy within the field teller's original $4 to $5 million esti- Washington Irving of environmental history. 14 LANET ROCAP is a 1988 Graduate of Bridgewater State College Total of Rockefeller Benefactions Estimated at $2,500,000,000 DONATIONS MADE Rockefeller Institute's first drive idea of help, offering generous shrewd oll magnate had started How Shares Pyramided was to eradicate the hookworm gifts on condition that the re- his son, John D Rockefeller Jr., TO MANY CAUSES "the germ of laziness The in- cipient raise matching or even carried on The son took over stitute and other Rockefeller greater amount the supervision of all the bene bodies aided the fight on ane- In 1909 John D. Rockefeller was prepared to start the was natural from that factions more than generat Rockefeller Foundation with 72,569 shares of Standard yellow cancer, tu- They provided funds point to move to the foun- ago. Now third generation of Continued From Page 1 New Jersey, then having market value of for research resulting the an Institution be Rockefellers taking hold They $50,000. 000. This is one the rare instances In which of penicillin not sul- but an pri have contributed their own Rockefeller benevolent or ganiza the actual number of shares involved Rockefeller fanilamide they made possible affected with inter- money liberally, not only to the tions, told Mr. Rockefeller benefaction is known Since 1909 the Standard Oil empire the the California Institute and, the real sense family institutions but to new has been dissolved with Standard of New Jersey stock public trust. Foundations set Technology: they helped in the projects in which the five boys "Your fortune is rolling up holders having received shares in more than score of the Rockefellers were au- and one daughter have been in. rolling up like an avalanche! development atomic energy tonomous and entirely under subsidiaries This table shows what the 72,569 shares, and gave to hundred different terested The desire for You must keep up with it! You the control of independent trus- through stock dividends, splits and increase in market projects in all parts of the "chance to of service" as tees. must distribute it faster than it world from agriculture and busi- strong in the third generation value, would have grown to by this time: There were no strings attached as was in the first second grows! If you do not, it will ness administration through the Number Closing Price to Rockefeller gifts and the What the next thirty years crush you and your children Company Shares humanities, governmental sci- Rockefellers always moved slow- will show in the total of Rocke Atlantic Refining Co 435,414.00 $17,307,706.50 ence, religious work, peace and ly New projects were teated feller benefactions cannot be and your children's children. A total in contributions of Borne Scrymser Co 14,513.80 47,169.85 sex problems to yaws first by small donations: if they foretold But the present record Buckeye Pipe Line Co 103,773.67 2,542,454.92 When Mr. Rockefeller about proved worth while endowments of the third generation indicates $2,500,000,000 la giving at the Chesebrough Mfg. Co 589,623.13 1880 came to realize that the and grants in large size followed better that there will be diminution rate day Gas Co 301,887.04 10,415,102.88 old methods of giving were What the self-made careful, every day since the Christian Del.) of interest and activity 5,619,743.36 adequate for rapidly era Actually the first Rockefeller Eureka Pipe Line and his ing ideas ago. At that time and for made 100 years Co 6,418,818.76 anthropy. National Transit Co create base foun ly sixty years there Ohio Oil 4.833.966,23 factions His first offerings had was income tax law to en- Sinclair ou Corp 32,246,216.57 been mainly courage contributions through Mobil Oil Co., Inc 950,653.90 churches missions other tax exemption Then, too, his South Penn OIL Co 104,499.36 3,539,915.82 religious projects, with an Southern Pipe Line Co 7,256.90 36,284.50 casional gift for parks, public limited personal income would Standard Oil Co (Calif. 648,766.86 57,821,346.40 buildings hospitals school and have made the question of in Standard Oil Co. (Indiana) 1,306,242.00 65,475,380.25 colleges. Later he began to em- come tax academic to the 16 Standard Oil Co. (Kentucky) 142,960.93 8,077,292.55 phasize those enterprises likely year-old John D. Rockefeller Standard Oil Co. (New Jersey) 3.330.191.41 451,240,936.06 to have lasting beneficial et It was on Sept. 25. 1855, that Standard Oil Co. (Ohio) 98,693.84 4,910,018.54 fect on community the youth destined to become Swan-Finch Oil Corp 145.14 4,245.35 From this he passed on to the the world's greatest oil man Union Tank Car Co 174,165.60 5,420,904.30 took his first job. It was as Washington Oil Co.1 725.69 14,513.80 bookkeeper for Hewitt Tuttle Cleveland commission merchants 10,171,416.18 $743,130,388.12 and produce shippers Based on 1955 "hid" price During the three months and ndard Oil New 32.7 per cent of the four days that year total shares and 60.7 per cent the dollar value he received $50 in wages, The total number of 50 cents day. Still out that statistical including: where fractional shares in meager pay gava away $5.88 a split or stock dividend represented less than one-half of pew rent; up to 5 cents share the (raction was dropped; where it one half every Sunday to Sunday School of one share, the amount was computed as a whole share 10 cents month foreign mis sions: 12 cents to the Five Points Mission in New York, and sev- eral personal and assorted con- in 1903. received total of about was being sought in Baptist tributions. $145,000,000 and spent $317,733.- plan for great graduate uni- While he was giving away this $5.88. he spent $9.09 on clothes 124. The board is being liquidat- versity in New York. These figures come from the ed. so the funds remaining are Later, the proposal to rehabili- celebrated "Ledger A. the low tate the University of Chicago count book he started with his The scope of the Rockefeller founded 1856 Stephen first 1858 1856 his first full year in benefactions is vast They in Douglas and others, also Mr. refeller clude the donation the $8,500, laid before The university Baptist $19.31 Each benevo the the United Nations East River under debt and an insur- 1860 ance company had $107.35 the next year. $259 97 the the gift mortgage By 1856 his contributions ex. Fort Tryon Park and The Cloist interesting contest ceeded $1,000; in 1869 they were ers to this city and contribut- and principles Mr Rockefeller won adherence $5,489.62: in 1885 they had ing share in the development of his doctrine of helping others to grown to $155,000. and in 1891 the National Park system. They help themselves, and in May they reached $500,000. The next also include unstinted help to 1889, Mr. Gates told conven- year they passed the million universities. medical and other tion of the American Baptist mark going to $1,353,520 From scientific institutions, art mu- Education Society that Mr then on Mr Rockefeller, who had seums, the drama, music, the Rockefeller would give $600,000 started to save by putting away movies and ever so many other to re-establish the University of pennies when years old, gave things Chicago if the church raised in the millions the national parks $400,000 The with the name Rocke- university was of Gifts to Various Causes feller linked are: Yosemite reopened in the fall of 1892 and since then about $80,000,000 His first contribution to Negro and the Sequoia groves spared causes was in 1859; the through the the has helped year he gave Methodist Ger- campaign in California: Yellow strengthen and brondo that stitution's and stone and the Grand Tetons with influence and stand man Roman Catholic and Negro ing the educations world churches as well to his own Jackson Hole Vyoming: the Great Smokies North Caro- Gifts $5,000,000 to Brown Baptist church Catholic charities University in June were the were specifically recognized in lina and Tennessee; the George most recent of the innumer 1862, Jewish causes in 1865, and Washington Birthplace National endowments and grants by the Monument in Virginia Acadia his first major lump sum Rockefellers to universities and National Park In Maine and the $558.42 went to Denison Univer- colleges. Fisk University and Palisade Interstate Park in New sity at Granville, Ohio. other Negro colleges were re York and New Jersey, to men cipients of generous help. Har Just how the avalanche Mr. tion few. vard, Yale, Michigan, Stanford Gates had predicted actually The Rockefeller support of Vassar, Columbia-In fact, al rolled is demonstrated by pro- higher education dates back to most all institutions of higher jecting to current values what a the 1880's The elder Rockefeller learning - aided through Rocket eller pledge in 1909 would always had made contributions Rockefeller benefactions in help. amount today. When Mr to schools and colleges. but in ing mankin Rockefeller finally agreed a small way His interest now In the field of science. the create the Rockefeller the promised for shares Standard ou New Jersey that had market value of $50,000,000. What with stock dividends splits and other changes, 72,569 shares of 1909 have become 10,171,416 in 1955 and the $50,000,000 value, as of the close of the market on Fri- day, has risen to $743,130,388 an increase of 1,386 per cent Of the 10,171,416 shares. 3,330,192 are of Standard ou of New Jersey. The remainder is stock twenty two other cor- porations that developed result of the 1911 court order dissolving the Standard Oil em- pire the elder Rockefeller created In addition the stock gains, the original 72,569 shares have earned over the years more than $200,000,000 in cash divi- dends and received $20,293,848 la returned capital because of dis- solutions and relinquishment of property. Had the $50,000,000 been left in 1909 to accumulate at 6 per cent compound interest it would have grown to $729,524,669 in 1955 $13,605,719 less than the gain in stock value and counting the nearly $225,000.00 cash dividends and other money The foregoing figures would apply only the entire 72,569 shares had been held, but the lesson the figures just given lies way money and secur- ity values multiply. In actual fact Mr. Rockefeller never ful- filled this pledge because of difficulties in obtaining charter such as he felt would have given the foundation free play for its activities Four years later he started the foundation not with $50,000,000 but with & total more than three times as large, securities valued $182,851,000 Raymond B. Fosdick who was president of the Rockefeller Foundation for twelve years said that by Dec 21. 1950, the organization had $451,528,365 of which $125,773 613. came out of principal and the rest out of income Report to Congress In August, 1954. the founda tion filed statement with Congressional committee report ing By the end of 1953. the foun- dation had made 30,572 grants, totaling $501,749,878 in expended and authorized appropriations Its remaining capital funds have a present market value of ap- $366,000,000 (as 1954 the Rockefeller Founds tion has received some addition- funds, principally in the trans- moneys from other philan thropic enterprises being liqui- dated, the fact remains that as of about year ago the founda- tion established with $182,851. 000 in securities, has disposed of or still held in its treasury a total of $867,749,878 The same story holds for all the other trusts, institutes and funds The General Education Board, for example, incorporated Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Author ? File 1915 April 3, 1969 John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Acadia National Park From the time that John D. Rockefeller, Jr. first bought property on Mt. Desert Island in acquiring the Eyrie at Seal Harbor in 1910*, until his death in 1960, Mr. Rockefeller maintained a most enthusiastic and active interest in the island and in the developments that led to the formation of Acadia National Park. His first small gift of $100 in 1911, to help purchase land as public reservation, led to gifts of land totalling more than 11,300 acres at a cost of more than $1,000,000. He built some 51 miles of beautifully constructed carriage roads for the Park costing roughly $2,000,000. He contributed substantially to the Park system of motor roads; and for buildings, bridges, forestry and planting gave at least another $1,000,000. After the disastrous fire of 1947, he gave $500,000 for cleanup and reconstruction. Mr. Rockefeller's interest was a very strong personal one. "I think I have always had an eye for nature," he wrote; "because I was brought up in the woods I have always loved the trees, the rocks, the hills and the valleys." He believed that National Parks should offer the public "areas of such outstanding interest in themselves that they tell their own story if only they are made reasonably accessible." Mr. Rockefeller himself actually developed the general plan for the present Park, for the land buying and road building taken together make the basic Park as it is today. As a summer resident of Mt. Desert Island, Mr. Rockefeller came to know every part of the island intimately, all of its physical *Mr. Rockefeller first took his family to Maine in 1908 for the summer, renting the Sears Cottage in Weymouth Lane in Bar Harbor. -2- geography and natural beauty. As he wrote, it is "one of the greatest views in the world." In a letter to Harold Ickes, Secretary of the Interior in 1935, he outlined the essence of his vision for the island and its Park: "When Acadia National Park was established, it consisted only of mountain tops of Mount Desert Island (the Monts Deserts mentioned by Champlain when he saw them in 1604 giving the island its name). Thus the Park area at the outset was not accessible to any highway and was traversed only by foot trails. Believing that it should ultimately extend to the ocean on one side and to Frenchman's Bay on the other, and that access to it would be desirable not only for pedestrians but, in carefully chosen areas for lovers of horses as well as automobiles, I began years ago buying lands on the Island having in mind to make possible the rounding out of Park boundaries and its extensions and developments as above outlined." The actual start toward Acadia National Park began before Mr. Rockefeller's arrival as a landowner. In 1901 a small group of long time summer residents of the island met to form a corporation to acquire and "hold reservations at points of interest on this Island, for the perpetual use of the public." In 1903 this group, The Hancock County Trustees of Public Reservations, received its charter from the Maine Legislature (President-Charles W. Eliot, Vice President-George B. Dorr, Secretary-L. B. Deasy, Treasurer-George L. Stebbins.) In 1914 the Hancock Trustees offered their lands to the Federal Government under the National Monuments Act. Though they had acquired over 5,000 acres they were not able to meet Government legal -3- requirements for acceptance. However, on July 8, 1916, President Wilson created the Sieur de Monts National Monument, with George Dorr as Custodian. The Monument, in 1919, became Lafayette National Park, the first national park in the country east of the Mississippi River and the first to be acquired by the gift of land to the government. Finally, in 1929, a Congressional Bill changed the name of the Park to Acadia and authorized the Secretary of the Interior to accept gifts of land beyond Mt. Desert Island on the mainland. The active personal participation by John D. Rockefeller, Jr. may be dated from 1915. In that year the executive committee of the Hancock Trustees passed a resolution authorizing Mr. Rockefeller to begin constructing roads on their lands. In 1915 and 1916 Mr. Rockefeller made his first substantial contribution, in two pledges, which enabled the Trustees to complete the Reservation's tract for acceptance by the Government as a National Monument, a total payment made to George Dorr of $34,500. From the Federal Government's acceptance in 1916 Mr. Rockefeller began to play an important role in almost every aspect of Acadia National Park's development. His procedure was to buy property personally, which he then deeded to the government. His land acquisition was pointed toward definite objectives-a workable unit at a time in which the boundaries were studied from the viewpoint that the need for land was to be estab- lished and then acquisition carried out to meet the objective. His general practice was to obtain, through the Park super- -4- to the Park, thus cooperating with the Park service in its objectives for land acquisition. He also had very definite plans of his own for the Park, and in certain cases bought lands to further a specific project and then offered them to the Park as a package with his plan for their development. By 1935 Mr. Rockefeller's gifts to the Park totalled something over 2,700 acres of land that cost over $250,000. The Park boundaries on Mt. Desert at that time extended to Frenchman's Bay on the north and to the Atlantic on the south. By 1946 the total given by Mr. Rockefeller had risen to approximately 6,950 acres, and by his death in 1960 the total given, according to a report from Acadia National Park, October 18, 1968, 9,599.08 acres. In his will Mr. Rockefeller bequeathed an additional 1,701.80 acres to Acadia, making a grand total of 11,300 acres, to which should be added a dozen small parcels willed to the Park, the acreages of which have not been determined. Taken all in all, this represents a gift of some 35% to today's total park, more than given by any other person or group, and probably more than all others taken together. A letter of April 26, 1955 from Thomas C. Vint, Chief, Division of Design and Construction, National Park Service, to Horace M. Albright gives a very clear picture of Mr. Rockefeller's relationship to the Park, from one who knew him well: "April 26, 1955 "Some notes concerning what Mr. Rockefeller had to do about the making of Acadia National Park: "He bought and gave to the park more land than any other person or group. It is probably safe to say more land than all others together-- certainly a greater total in value. - 5 - "He built and maintained a carriage road system (motors prohibited) that give one who travels over it, or one of the loops that make up the system, a great experience -- an experience that gives the traveler all that Acadia Park has to offer -- its woods -- its lakes the grand views, the intimate views, the ocean, the mountains, etc., etc. Unfortunately, the public has responded to these much as it has the trail systems in other parks and uses them much less than anticipated. This is a motor age which, when it settles down and the automobile less of a novelty to the general population, the other means of travel will come back to a reasonable proportion in the scheme of things. The carriage roads in Acadia National Park will one day get the recognition they deserve through use by the public, - if not by carriages, by saddle horse, bicycle, or by afoot. They will be much used and not by the automobile. "He had much to do about the Park motor road system, which is separated by overpasses from the carriage roads and the Town roads. He built part of the Cadillac Mountain road and parts of the main park loop road. He employed an engineering firm and Frederick Law Olmsted for the noted landscape architect to make surveys and plans for the motor road loop. In short he planned the road system, started construction and later made an agreement with the Government that he would acquire and donate certain lands to the park if the Government would complete the road system. "The above facts are well know in connection with these certain points concerning Mr. Rockefeller's relationship and are of special interest: "There is a lot of himself in what he did for Acadia National Park. It was no ordinary contribution for the public good. "He knows intimately the physical geography and the beauties of Mt. Desert Island. Its hills -- its shoreline -- its streams -- its woods -- where the fine views are where autumn colors are best, etc. etc. Few people know the lay of the land and its interesting details as well as he. "He likes to build roads. He has a fine sense of location, fitting a road into the landscape. He made use of construction methods that reduced scars, many of which by example were used in other national parks. The road construction, which began as mentioned in 1915, was of the greatest interest to Mr. Rockefeller. He approached this building as both an art and a science, studying every mile himself to give the maximum esthetic experience and the maximum comfort. He himself fitted the roads into the landscape to cause the least possible scar to the - 6 - terrain. While surveys were made at his request, he worked out each unit on paper himself and oversaw the actual construction. The grades, the curves, and the fine views were for him a personal creation. In 1932, Mr. Rockefeller made an agreement with Secretary of the Interior Wilbur to clarify the conditions of land deeded to the Government: "For a period of at least twenty-five years from the date of gift, the horse roads in existence or later constructed will be open only for the use of horses, horse-drawn vehicles and pedestrians and not for motor traffic, except by consent of the grantor at the request of the National Park Service, and except for maintenance, fire fighting, etc." Mr. Rockefeller resisted the pressure to open the island roads to motors, and was one of those who opposed their admission to the last. Yet. when cars were admitted, he did much for the motor road program. In short, he planned the road system, started its construction, and later made an agreement with the Government that he would acquire and donate certain lands to the Park if the Government would complete the road system. More specifically, Mr. Rockefeller built the Jordan Pond - Eagle Lake Road from which the present road up Cadillac Mountain makes its ascent, the Government paying for the rest. In 1934, he finished the construction of Ocean Drive to Sand Beach. North of this point, he worked with the Government and offered certain lands to make extension possible. In the area of forestry, Mr. Rockefeller made an additional important contribution. While earlier the deep woods had been safe from lumber companies because transportation costs were too high, the use of the new gasoline sawmill soon made it profitable to cut any of the island's soft wood growths. Mr. Rockefeller rescued large tracts of land from the sawmill. It was little known except to those immediately involved that these acquisitions were made - 7 - just in time to save the forests from devastation -- in some cases only a few hours ahead of the lumbermen and speculators. Further, Mr. Rockefeller followed a continuous policy of reforestation along his roads. He cut down dead trees, replaced or added to existing planting, brought in or transferred top soil where further planting seemed desirable, and seeded bare banks "in order to more completely restore the natural condition." The fifty-one miles of carriage roads put in with such care and devotion by Mr. Rockefeller -- now all on Park land -- proved invaluable during the tragic Mt. Desert fire of 1947. Not only did the open spaces provided help check the advance of the fire itself, but the horse roads made it possible for the fire fighters to move through the mountains quickly. Without them, the men and equipment could not have reached Seal Harbor and Northeast Harbor, and they would have burned just as did so much of Bar Harbor. of the total Park area at that time, some 30,000 acres, at least one-third was burned over. Consulting with forestry technicians, Mr. Rocke- feller drew up a plan for cleanup work, and John H. Eisinger was hired to do the job under a contract with the National Park Service. All responsibility for the work was undertaken by Mr. Rockefeller since there were no Park funds at the time to meet the emergency. Fire damage crews worked the year round, and by 1952 expenditures were close to $500,000. Until his death in 1960, Mr. Rockefeller continued to contribute to further cleanup, and his widow, Martha Baird Rockefeller, made additional gifts for this work through 1963. In addition to the fifty-one miles of carriage roads now within the Park, to which Mr. Rockefeller gave so much time and enthusiasm, there are another sixteen miles of such roads on the 2,000 acres still owned by the Rockefeller family on Mt. Desert. These interconnect with the Park roads, and are all open to the public, making a unique system of scenic drives some sixty-seven miles in all. There was, in fact, almost no area in connection with Acadia National Park - 8 - and in 1929 sponsored and financed a survey by the New York architect, Grosvenor Atterbury, of landscape and architectural problems for the Park Service. He wished to develop a type of architecture appropriate for Acadia. "I feel," he wrote, "that neither brick nor stucco would be appropriate. It seems, therefore, as though native stone and wood were the only other materials available. There are many ways in which these materials can be used. " In 1931,Mr. Rockefeller had the Brown Mountain and Jordan Pond Gate Houses built for a cost of about $80,000 -- stone and wood structures reflecting Norman architecture. The Brown Mountain House was given to the Park in 1932, the Jordan house in 1940. Also, in 1923, Mr. Rockefeller purchased the Jordan Pond Tea House for $40,000. He leased it back to the owners who operated it until 1945. In 1940, Mr. Rockefeller gave both the house and the surrounding land to the Park. Last of all, foreseeing the future, in 1934 Mr. Rockefeller became a stockholder, and subsequently a Director of the Acadia Corporation, organized to take concessions from the Government for business opportunities in Acadia, and to operate them. His main interest in these concessions was their architectural detail, their suitability of location, and attractiveness of structure. He kept in constant touch with the Corporation architects, and submitted plans, revisions and suggestions for several of the concession buildings. Taken all in all, the contributions of Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. to Acadia National Park, spread over half a century, were an extraordinary expression of his devotion to preserving the great natural beauties still to be seen today in Mount Desert Island. EnD C 0 Contributed Editorial P MR. ROCKEFELLER Y An appreciation For all who live at Mount Desert, or who visit it in summer, the realization of Mr. Rockefeller's death must bring a deep sense of loss. He was so interested in the place, had lived here for so many summers, and had done so much for the general welfare, that his passing, in a sense, will mean a marked change. Yet it will be a change in era, not in substance. His work was so carefully considered, so solidly built, and so well conceived, that it will endure. For his family and friends we can only express sentiments of sympathy. Such sentiments, sincerely spoken, are indeed a high expres- sion of human love. And often, when not expressed at all, the feelings can be sensed: some people do not manifest their deepest thoughts with words. There isn't anyone who lives at Mount Desert or who is associ- ated with it who will feel otherwise than that a great friend has gone. This feeling is everywhere apparent today--th day following the news-- in the general quiet and taciturn way in which people are meeting and doing their usual pursuits. A few words of comment, of sympathetic expression; sometimes more. It is the sincerest evidence of deepfelt affection and respect. In the midst of these feelings one must pause and reflect upon the man and upon his stature. He was one of the great men of our time. He was in a position to undertake great things. He rose to that position and elevated it in a way so unique as to be a veritable landmark for generations. His influence became world-wide and his cultural accomplish- ments have elevated the standards in many fields. Here we can only speak of the work he has done at Mount Desert. Mr. Rockefeller was attracted to the Island in the early years of this century. He appreciated its unique character and beauty, and recog- nized the need for preservation. The National Park was a natural vehicle and it was largely through his efforts, gifts and enlargements that it has been developed to its present size. But his work has gone further than that. The number of interests and benefactions in many phases of the Island life is too great to emmerate here. Yet a few of these should be recalled. Within the National Park itself the magnificent system of roads is manifest for all to see and to enjoy. The work was superbly conceived, beautifully executed, and the many features such as bridges, and the Gate Houses, exquisitely detailed. The system and the detail were Mr. Rocke- feller's personal conception, much of the work also having been personally supervised by him. In more recent years he has provided such worthwhile features as the parks at the east and west approaches to Seal Harbor, with their appropriate walls and sweeping prospects. He has been a bene- factor of other public and private projects of park-like nature, including the provision of certain features at Asticou Terraces and a great enlarge- ment in the area of that public reservation, as well as in the development of the nearby azalea garden. Some of the works in these latter connections, as well as in other fields, are still in process of development. One tremendous benefaction has been his work in removing the debris left from the 1947 forest fire. It is certainly appropriate to recall this. The work on the north slope of Sargent Mountain and the cleaning of the Bubbles at the head of Jorden Pond was made possible by Mr. Rockefeller. Without it--and the work required hundreds of men over several years-it is most probable that the fallen trees and charred stumps would be there still. Mr. Rockefeller was deeply interested in the religious life of the area. He was among those who founded the union of churches known as the Mount Desert Larger Parish, for which cause he consistently gave of his time and resources. In the earlier years he worked closely with such Unitarian leaders as the late Dr. Francis G. Peabody and the late Dr. Samuel A. Eliot, and with such Episcopal leaders as the late William Draper Lewis and the late Edward K. Dunham, Jr. in endeavoring to achieve measures of cooperation throughout the varied religious phases of the communities. Such cooperative efforts brought beneficial results which have persisted. This matter of church life was a very intimate one for him and he devoted untiring energy and thought in its furtherance. He was still actively interested when here last summer and as recently as January of this year he made an additional and substantial contribution to the reserve fund of the Larger Parish. Another accomplishment should be mentioned. It is one of the greatest possible significance for the whole future of the Town of Mount Desert: it is the acquisition and control of much of the territory be- tween the sea and the mountains. People sometimes remark at the absence of billboards and other intrusions along the roads from Otter Creek to Somes Sound. There is good reason for their absence. Veritably, and in the nick of time, much of the land bordering these highways has been acquired and preserved. It is probably the greatest single fact which explains the retention of character of the summer settlements of Seal Harbor and Northeast Harbor. Sales out of the tracts have been made from time to time, and other properties acquired. Yet the result is that of control and the preservation of a superbly beautiful landscape-- the measure of great foresight and years of persistence. One has but to look at Long Pond with its delightful, natural and unspoiled surround- ings to realize the importance of the achievement. A feeling of sadness is inescapable, yet on this day one can only rejoice in the realization of a life devoutly and beautifully lived, of a spirit wholly devoted to the good, and of a record of accomplishment which is truly magnificent. Charles K. Savage BRR HARBOR (MAINE) TIMES-May 19, 1960 2 Mount Desert Islander 8/18/2005 SECTION 1 . PAGE 9 Rockefeller generosity built Acadia Editor's Note: The following much of their time and money the third of a four- part series to make Acadia National Park about Acadia National Park's It was unique and beautiful place. The founding fathers. only fitting trustees began acquiring prop By Paul S. Richardson erty that eventually became Aca dia National Park. ohn D. Rockefeller, Jr. was that Mr. Rockefeller was In 1915, the automobile ban born Jan, 29, 1874 in Cleveland, on Mount Desert Island was Ohio the fifth child and only able to see the fruition lifted. This encouraged Mr. son of Baptist parents. From his of his dream of Rockefeller to build a system of father he learned a love of the carriage roads away from the outdoors and the skill of build- ing roads. He believed that na- 26.2 miles of motor roads noisy smoking belching autos." It was Mr. Rockefeller who envi- ture is evidence of God, He from mountaintop to the ocean sioned and built the 57. miles of loved riding and driving horses carriage roads between 1913 and and was reported to be an ac and 57 miles of 1940. With cars now permitted complished driver of on the island, he realized that a hand beautiful carriage roads and bridges system of motor roads would 1908 John D. Rockefeller his family summered in before he died in 1960 also be needed. The Jördan Pond Eagle Lake Road," which he Bar- Harbor so his wife Abby at the age of 86. built, established the standards (Aldrich) could be near her doc for road design and quality of tor, who was summering in Blue work which have made the Their third child, Nelson park's motor roads so beautiful Aldrich Rockefeller, later to be In 1947, before all the motor the second vice-president of the With the completion of his training in the West: However, roads were completed, he saw United States born in Maine cottage, and having bought ad in 1921 Paul Simpson had to the destruction caused by: the was delivered on Aug: 8 in Bar ditional land around Little Long place his father when the elder great forest fire and contributed Harbor. In all, the couple had Pond, Mr. Rockefeller began Simpson became ill: Mr. Rocke funds and crews for the cleanup six children. Along with Nelson building carriage roads on his feller walked all the road sites and to maintain all the carriage they had a daughter, Abby, and property. in 1913. The first car with the Simpsons and knew all roads on park lands. sons John III, Laurance, riage road began at the entrance the station points on every plan. It was only fitting that Mr. Winthrop and David. to the Rockefeller property, fol He greatly influenced the dégree Rockefeller was able to see the The Rockefellers returned to lowed the eastern side of Barr of the grades, the style of the fruition of his dreams of 26.2 the island for the next two sum Hill and continued south along granite coping stones; the miles of motor roads from renting houses Seal Little Long Pond. The roadwork ation of views and the natural mountain top to the ocean Harbor, quiet village away was- done by road contractors appearance of the roads. The and 57. miles of beautiful from the many social activities Alanson E. Clement and traordinary capabilities he dis riage roads and bridges before of Bar Harbor. In 1910 they Chauncey D. Joy and was com- played in the design and execu he died in 1960 at the age of 86. bought, Samuel Fessenden pleted in June 1914 at a cost of tion of the carriage road system No other man has given so Clark's house, "The Eyrie," with $14,321.40 (This amount would earned him an honorary mem- much for so many people as this 150 acres on Barr Hill for be equivalent to $176,440 in bership in the American Society quiet man with his love of na- $26,000. The Eyrie originally 1988, according to the Bureau of Landscape Architects ture's beauty. had 65 rooms; after several years Labor Statistics.) In September 1914, Mr. Rock Reporter LaRue Spiker wrote of remodeling and expansion, it In the early days of building efeller received George B. Dorr's in The Ellsworth American on contained 107 rooms, 44 fire carriage roads, it appears that letter introducing himself and July 20, 1978: "The Eyrie, famed places and 22 bathrooms. Mr. Rockefeller was in charge of his activities with the Hancock summer residence of the late Also in 1910, John D: Rocke all the layouts for the roads. As County Trustees of Public John D. Rockefeller, Jr. is gone feller. Jr. made what he called he began to conceive other Reservations. He indicated that from the Seal Harbor scene, but one of the most important de roads, hé realized he would need President Eliot, a mutual friend the thumbprint of its owner will cisions of my life." He decided to help with the design and surveys had told him of Mr. Rocke- remain on Mount Desert Island give his day-to day. business in order to keep. ahead of the feller's interest in protecting and for a long time to come. management and become phil road, crews. In 1916 he was for developing land for public use anthropist. He realized that his tunate to hire Charles P. Simp This was the beginning of a long Writer Paul S. Richardson is a great wealth should be directed son from Sullivan who was an and lasting relationship between local historian and resident of to worthy projects. expert engineer from years of two great men who gave so Otter Creek. Courant Rockefeller heir assures parcel's preservation $4.7M gift will let donated $4.7 million to a Rocke- feller-controlled nonprofit group tract be donated that owns the 94-acre parcel. The organization had planned to state and county to sell the property, bordered by Route 117 to the north and Route Michael Gannon 9A to the east, to a Manhattan The Journal News developer to support a planned agricultural education center on POCANTICO HILLS Near- a nearby former Rockefeller cat- ly 100 acres of the sprawling cen- tle ranch. tral Westchester tract once con- Waletzky's donation to the trolled by heirs to 19th- and 20th- Stone Barns Restoration Corp., century oil magnate and philan- founded by her uncle and family thropist John D. Rockefeller has patriarch David Rockefeller, will been spared from development, allow the nonprofit to instead do- thanks to a donation by a mem- nate the parcel to the state and ber of the family. county. Westchester County officials "I'm proud of what my grand- and Dr. Lucy Waletzky, a daugh- father, father, Uncle David and ter of Laurence Rockefeller and Uncle John have done in pre- Matthew Brown/The Journal News niece of former Vice President serving open space in the area, Dr. Lucy R. Waletzky talks with guests yesterday after a ceremo- Nelson Rockefeller, yesterday and I'm glad to be doing my lit- ny in which Westchester County celebrated Waletzky's donation announced that Waletzky had Please see ROCKEFELLER, 2B of $4.7 million to protect 94 acres in Pocantico Hills. $4.7M gift assures preservation Mount ROCKEFELLER, from 1B for the county's nearby North The Center for Food and Agri- Pleasant 117 County Trailway. The site also is culture, the name of the education tle thing in protecting this large re- the possible future headquarters center being built in several old gional ecosystem that is so impor- for the county parks department. stone farmhouses on the former tant for wildlife and birds, and also Yesterday's announcement 80-acre Bedford Road ranch, is ex- Rockefeller people," Waletzky said. pleased residents of the area who pected to open in March, said Peg- State Park Developer Michael Daly in Feb- had rallied against the site's devel- gy Dulany, David Rockefeller's Preserve 94-acre Rockefeller ruary did not renew a $4.7 million opment. While always careful to daughter and a Stone Barns board property option to buy the property, where praise the family's efforts at conser- member. he had planned to build about 30 vation, Pocantico residents had The facility, approved by the homes, Rockefeller associates had loudly and publicly resisted the plan Mount Pleasant Town Board in 448 Map said. Current zoning would have in the media and public meetings. September, will include a small, permitted as many as 55 or 60 "This couldn't be better. I could- upscale restaurant that would help Pocantico Hills homes. n't be happier," said author Ben create revenue for the operation. Blue Hill at Stone Barns, as it Pak Nagasing/The Journal News Instead, 84 acres will be folded Cheever, a member of a local citi- into the adjacent 88-acre Rocke- zens group that organized the would be called, would feature tion to the state preserve, The Lau- feller State Park Preserve. Lau- meetings earlier this year, who at- Hudson Valley produce. As part of rence Rockefeller Fund also sold rence Rockefeller donated that tended yesterday's announcement. the plan, the property was rezoned 172 acres in Tarrytown and Green- parcel to the state in 1999. "We're deeply thankful to Lucy to prevent future development. burgh to The Hackley School. The remaining 10 acres, con- Waletzky We were just a wisp away The Rockefeller family has his- sisting of the former Mount Pleas- from having 20 or 30 homes here. If torically been active in preserving Reach Michael Gannon ant town pool site, will be given to people hadn't got involved, that the 3,000 acres it at one time con- at mgannon@thejournalnews.com the county for use as a parking lot would have happened." trolled around Pocantico. In addi- or 914-694-5064. A3823-APR JORS Acadia National Park Bar Harbor, Maine June 3, 1960 Memorandum To: Director From: Superintendent, Acadia National Park Subject: Memorial Services for Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. The following information is supplied in conjunction with your memorandum of May 17, 1960, on the above subject. Chief Ranger Bruce made several contacts locally on the matter. When Mr. Rockefeller first became interested in Mount Desert Island, one of his first projects was to form the Union of Churches in the villages of Seal Harbor, Northeast Harbor, Somesville, Town Hill, Hall Quarry and Otter Creek. This Union was called "Larger Parish". Contact wasmade with the President of the Larger Parish and the Pastor of the Seal Harbor church to determine whether any plans were being made for Memorial Services. Mr. Charles K. Savage is president of the Parish and Rev. George B. McDonald is the Pastor of the Seal Harbor Congregational Church. They outlined the following tentative plans for a Memorial Service which will be subject to the approval of the Rockefeller family. The tentative date of the Memorial Service is July 31 at 11:00 a.m. at Seal Harbor. It would be in a small church which was attended by the Rockefeller family while in residence at Seal Harbor. The Service would include a series of short talks by various individuals. The individuals would talk on benefits derived through Mr. Rockefeller's generosity in the various fields in which he was interested. A statement would be made by a National Park Service representative in memory of Mr. Rockefeller's deep interest in Acadia National Park. We understand that the reason for postponing the Service until July 31 is to assure that the summer residents who knew Mr. Rockefeller will have an opportunity to attend. Mr. Savage was informed that the National Park Service wishes to assist in every way possible and that possibly Mr. Wirth or Mr. Lee would be able to attend and take part in this Service. He requested that we convey to Mr. Wirth his appreciation of our interest and to invite Mr. Wirth to represent the National Park Service. He assured us that we would be informed of the desire of the Rockefeller family and of any changes in the plans as regards the Memorial Services. We also understand that Mr. Savage is planning to attend the June 8 Service in New York City. We will keep you advised as to the progress in this matter. We would like to know who will represent the National Park Service from either the Washington office or Region offices as soon as can be deter- mined. Harold A. Hubler Superintendent In duplicate Copy to: Regional Director, Region Five TORSH. A Service In Remembrance And Appreciation of JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER, JR. (1874 . 1960) at The Union Congregational Church Seal Harbor, Maine Sunday Morning, July 31, 1960 at 11 O'clock A good man out of the good treasure of his heart bringeth forth that which is good. Luke 6:45 ORDER OF WORSHIP ORGAN PRELUDE Lord God Unlock Now Heaven's Gate - J. G. Walther Jesus Christ, My Sure Defense - J. S. Bach Before Thy Throne I Now Appear - J. C. Bach CALL TO WORSHIP Minister: He that dwelleth in the secret place of the Most High shall abide under the shadow of the Almighty. People: I will say of the Lord, he is my refuge and mv fortress, my God in Him will I trust. HYMN 177 0 God Our Help In Ages Past INVOCATION (in unison) Almighty and everlasting Father, giver and preserver of life. by whose providence we are sustained, be pleased to visit us in this our simple act of worship. Sanctify us through our reflections on the life of thy servant, our brother, who having served Thee well in his day and generation, has been called by Thee to his eternal abode. Amidst so much of change and confusion and mortality, may we lay hold on the immortal and the enduring, may we be assured that faith will never die, that hope will never be put to shame, that love never faileth; through Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen. THE LORD'S PRAYER ANTHEM o Lord Most Holy Cesar Franck SCRIPTURE LESSON Selections from the Psalms, Corinthians and Revelation HYMN 297 It Singeth Low In Every Heart OFFERTORY Air for G String J. S. Bach ANTHEM If With All Your Hearts Ye Truly Seek Me F. Mendelssohn MEDITATIONS ON A GREAT LIFE Introductory Mr. MacDenald A Great Conservationist Mr. Hubler A Blessing to our Island Mr. Savage A Guide to the More Excellent Way Dr. Pusev MEMORIAL PRAYER Mr. Manter HYMN 157 For All the Saints Who From Their Labors Rest BENEDICTION with Choral Amen ORGAN POSTLUDE Up, Bestir Thee Now, My Spirit J. S. Bach IN MEMORIAM The life of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. covered so vast a scope that no brief obituary may deal with it. Many think of him as a man who gave extensively to innumerable causes out of his abundance. Much more correct it is, however, to think of him as one who gave himself deliberately and continually. From an early age he subjected himself to ever increasing responsibilities. The leisure which could have been his, and for which others strive, he exchanged for long hours of hard work in the inter- est of humanity. It was not for him to make a donation and call it a day. Whether it was for important conferences or for little meetings "where two or three are gathered together" he was always ready to sacrifice personal comfort to bear witness to what he believed was life giving. Mr. Rockefeller will long remain a challence and an inspiration to men of noble outlook. But particularly so to those who knew him well. They saw: "The best portion of a good man's life, - His little nameless unremembered acts Of kindness and of love." Beyond all wealth, honors or even health is the attachment we form to noble souls; because to become one with the good, generous and true is to become in a measure good, generous and true ourselves. Matthew Arnold. PARTICIPATING IN THE SERVICE Mr. Harold Hubler, Superintendent, Acadia National Park Rev. George B. MacDonald, Minister, Mount Desert Larger Parish Rev. John G. Manter, Minister, Mount Desert Larger Parish Dr. Nathan Pusey, President, Harvard University Mr. Charles Savage, Chairman, Mount Desert Larger Parish MUSIC Nancy Freeman Elizabeth Murrell Mary Hooper Mary Ann Savage Barbara Lucas Ann Treadway Shirley Merrill Shirley Wallace Lucy MacDonald, Organist USHERS Ranger Gordon Bruce Ranger Robert Metherell Ranger John Riddle Ranger Charles Stewart FLORAL DECORATIONS In loving tribute from the gardens of Seal Harbor, arranged by Pearl Grindle and Harry Fernald "The primal duties shine aloft, like stars; The charities that soothe and heal and bless Are scattered at the feet of man like flowers." A3823-APR Acadia National Park Bar Harbor, Maine June 10, 1960 Memorandum To: Regional Director, Region Five From: Superintendent, Acadia National Park Subject: Memorial Services for Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. We wrote the Director on June 3 on the above subject and advising of the possibility of Memorial Services on July 31st at Seal Harbor for Mr. John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Rev. George 3. McDonald, Mount Desert Larger Parish cause into the office today and advised that he had been in contact with Mrs. Rockefeller regarding the Service. She highly approves the Services but she cannot be here. David will be here but it is not known whether any of the other boys will or not. Rev. McDonald will contact the family in the near future to determine if any of the other boys will attend the Service. We have been requested to serve on the committee of arrangements which will be happy to do. The plans are to have 3 or 4 brief talks by one National Park Service official and 3 or 4 other local citizens. These talks are to be between 5 and 10 minutes in length. It is our thought that Director Wirth may wish to attend and speak for the National Park Service. Otherwise he may wish to designate someone else. Please advise as to your reactions and those of the Director on this matter. Harold A. Hubler Superintendent In duplicate Copy to: The Director 9/24/2019 The Memorials of Acadia National Park Blog by Don Lenahan. Dec. 2016. Library of Congress JDR, Jr. (c.1915) No other person is more responsible for the size and overwhelming popularity of Acadia National Park than John D. Rockefeller, Jr. The fifth smallest national park at 49,000 acres, with 31,000 acres at its main location on Maine's Mount Desert Island, had an estimated 3.3 million visitors in 2016. He donated $3,568,000 to the Park and related projects. *3 He gave it over 11,000 acres, helped finance and construct its 27-mile Park Loop Road and built a 53-mile network of carriage roads. Forty-five miles of those roads are in the Park today and include 17 unique stone bridges and 2 gatehouses. Locally, he gave Seal Harbor the land for its village green, after buying the old Glencove Hotel and having it torn down in 1919. In 1948 he gave 30 acres to the Jackson Memorial Laboratory in Bar Harbor after the widely devastating 1947 fire had destroyed the facility. JDR, Jr., the only son of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. (founder and president of Standard Oil Company) and Laura Spelman Rockefeller, was born in Cleveland, OH in 1874. He married Abby Greene Aldrich in 1901. They came to Mount Desert Island in 1908 and rented a Bar Harbor cottage called The Briars on the Shore Path off Wayman Lane. There Abby gave birth to their son, Nelson, later to be New York governor and U.S. vice president. JDR, Jr. had first come to the island in 1893 while a student at Brown University. In 1909 he and his family became summer residents of Seal Harbor and the next year purchased The Eyrie, a 150-acre estate. He died of pneumonia in Tucson, AZ in 1960 and was buried in the Rockefeller Family Cemetery in Sleepy Hollow, NY. In his will he left the U.S. Government an additional 1,500 acres on Mount Desert Island for "the extension or improvement of Acadia National Park." *Footnotes: 1 A special thanks goes to Earl Brechlin and the Mount Desert Islander newspaper for reporting this event. 2 Memorial GPS coordinates: N44° 18.482' W068° 11.345" 3 http://rockarch.org/bio/jdrjr.php Posted by Don Lenahan at 12:01 PM 2 comments: Monday December 26. 2016 Atwater Kent Inventor, Industrialist and Philanthropist The previous blog post, "Memorial Maintenance," mentioned the recently NATIONALIVEN ARK SERVICE JUN 6 1660 A3423-RR ACADIA NATIONAL PARK CONTENTS NOTED INITIAL Hal 6/6 Aest. aint. Superv. Mr. Charles K. Savage President Acadia Corporation Seal Harbor, Maine Dear Mr. Savage: Lawrence Hadley, son of former Superintendent Ben Hadley of Acadia National Park, has shown me the contributed editorial entitled "Mr. Rockefeller, An Appreciation" which appeared in the May 19 issue of the Bar Harbor Times. This is one of the finest statements of appreciation of Mr. Rockefeller that I have read. I share completely the sentiments you have expressed so eloquently. Mr. Rockefeller's lifelong work in behalf of Acadia National Park was indeed a work of generosity and dedication, an ideal of public service. Many people who have benefited from Acadia National Park will be most grateful. to you for your splendid and thoughtful trib- ute to Mr. Rockefeller. Sincerely yours, Conred L. Wirth Director Copy to: Regional Director, Region Five) L Superintendent, Acadia With copy of editorial. Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm Colonial Williamsburg The Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Winter 2000-2001 "The far-visioned generosity of Mr. Rockefeller" Editor's Note: The Colonial Williamsburg Foundation celebrates its seventy-fifth anniversary in 2001. The journal plans a series of stories that explore how Williamsburg's restoration came to pass. Below is the first, a never-before-published composition by the Reverend Dr. W. A. R. Goodwin. Twice rector of Williamsburg's Bruton Parish Church, it was Goodwin who persuaded philanthropist John D. Rockefeller Jr. to finance the return of Virginia's second colonial capital to its eighteenth-century aspect. This article is an edited transcription of a phonograph recording made in Goodwin's second-floor Wythe House office July 29, 1930. Colonial Williamsburg Note: Site visit necessary due to my suspecion that JDRIr. may have applied experience and princeple developed at acadia national Park to his next big project Calovial Williamsburg "Conservation takes many former 1 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm by As time goes on the American people and the lovers of liberty all over the world will appreciate even more deeply than they can possibly do at present the far-visioned generosity of Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. in giving to America Williamsburg Restored as an inspiration, and as a witness to events that are memorable in the history of Virginia, of the nation, and of the world. Our country will surely always hold Mr. Rockefeller in grateful remembrance for his generous philanthropy in assuming the responsibility of preserving and restoring Colonial Williamsburg this ancient capital. We have all been The Reverend Dr. W.A.R. Goodwin, above right, rector of Bruton Parish Church, took the idea of Williamsburg's restoration to philanthropist deeply impressed with the patience and John D. Rockefeller, above, in 1926. generous consideration of Mr. Rockefeller. It has been a constant joy to be permitted to be associated with him in this work. In 1926, it was our privilege to point out to him that Williamsburg was the only city celebrated in connection with pre-Revolutionary and Revolutionary events that was capable of restoration. It would be impossible to acquire a territory one mile long and a quarter of a mile wide in Boston, with Faneuil Hall as its center; or in New York, with Wall Street and Trinity church as its center; or in Philadelphia with Independence Hall as its center. Whereas, here, in Williamsburg, equally famous, there remained at least seventy colonial buildings in a town surrounded by the untouched and unmarked countryside, presenting an opportunity to create a shrine that would bear witness to the faith and the devotion and the sacrifice of the nation builders. Williamsburg was established in 1633 as a palisaded outpost for the protection of the lower part of Virginia's Lower Peninsula against Indian invasion. The palisade ran across the Peninsula, from Archers Hope Creek to the tributaries of the York. The place was then known as Middle Plantation. A church was established about this time, here at Middle Plantation, and continued to serve the people until 1678, when a brick church was erected. At the time of the rebellion of Nathaniel Bacon, Bacon and his councilors met here at Middle Plantation at the home of Otto Thorpe. In 1699, because of the prevalence of malaria and mosquitoes at Jamestown, and because, as an old chronicle states, "clear and crystal springs burst from champagne soil" in and about Middle Plantation, Jamestown was abandoned as the capital of the colony and the government moved to Middle Plantation. Francis Nicholson was at that time governor of the colony. He proposed that a city should 5/23/014.2 Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm be laid out in the form of a monogram of W and M in honor of King William and Queen Mary. The governor must have known from observation that such a plan was impossible as the tops of the W and the bottoms of the M ran into neighboring ravines. But having made his gesture of loyalty to his sovereign king and queen, he had the town surveyed by Theodoric Bland and laid it out as it is at present, naming the main street the Duke of Gloucester after the eldest son of Queen Anne and the streets on either side Francis and Nicholson after himself. Prior to the moving of the capital from Jamestown to Williamsburg, their majesties' College of William and Mary was established here in 1693. In 1705 the Capitol was started at the east end of the Duke of Gloucester Street. In 1705, order was given for the building of the Governor's Mansion, subsequently known as the Palace. The Palace, however, was not completed until about 1712. In 1715, Alexander Spotswood, then lieutenant governor, erected the Powder Magazine. In 1710, Governor Spotswood proposed to the vestry of Bruton Parish Church that a new church should be erected, and said that if the parish would build the east and the west ends of the church, he would undertake to prevail upon the government to build the wings and the intervening part and provide pews for the governor and his council and the members of the House of Burgesses. This was done by act of the House of Burgesses as recorded in Hening's Statutes, thus making Bruton Parish the court church of colonial Virginia. The church as built by Spotswood continued in its then-form until 1840 when a fair was given and money raised to build a wall across the church at the intersection of the nave and transept. The west end of the church was turned into a Sunday school room, the tower into a coal bin, and an entrance door to the church was placed at the east end of the building. The old pews were taken out from the church along with the old flagstone aisle. This was the condition in which the church was found in 1902 when we came to Williamsburg. The walls had begun to disintegrate and were in a dangerous condition. They were being pressed out by the heavy weight of the roof timbers. Through the kind cooperation of many interested friends, the parish church was restored beginning in 1905 and finished in time to have the opening celebration when the General Convention of the Episcopal Church of America met in Richmond in 1907, and its delegates could attend. Dr. W. R. Huntington, rector of Grace Church in New York served as the chairman of our advisory committee. Mr. J. Stewart Barney of New York gave his services as the architect of the restoration upon two conditions: first, that he should not receive any compensation for his work; and, second, that he should be allowed to restore the church exactly as it was in colonial days. The high pews were replaced. The pew of the colonial governor was rebuilt, and over it was hung the velvet canopy emblazoned with the name of Alexander Spotswood. The high pulpit, with the clerk's desk, was also rebuilt. The flagstone aisle was restored. During the excavation, thirty-nine graves were found beneath the aisle and chancel of the church. Nine of these graves were identified by means of brass tacks that had been driven into the coffin wood. At the consecration service, a Bible, which had been presented to the parish by His Majesty King Edward VII, was formally given by the Lord Bishop of London, who on this occasion paid his first official visit to his ancient Diocese of Virginia. This Bible presented by his 3 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm majesty was placed upon a bronze lectern that had been given by President Theodore Roosevelt. After having completed the restoration of Bruton Parish Church, we moved to Rochester and did not return again to Williamsburg for thirteen years. Colonial Williamsburg Taken in 1927 by the U.S. Army Air Corps to assist the restoration, this aerial photograph shows Williamsburg as Rokefeller first saw it. Upon coming back we found that the old George Wythe House, which adjoins the parish churchyard, had fallen into decay. Steps were taken by which this building might be secured, and through the cooperation of kind friends it was purchased and restored. Chapter III of the Colonial Dames of America assumed the responsibility for the purchase of the house. It was while this building, the George Wythe House, was in process of restoration, that Mr. John D. Rockefeller Jr. made his first visit to Williamsburg. It had been our privilege to meet Mr. Rockefeller on the occasion of a meeting of the Phi Beta Kappa Society held in New York in the interest of the building of the Phi Beta Kappa Memorial Hall at the College of William and Mary. We invited Mr. Rockefeller to visit Williamsburg. He came down with his family, and it was our privilege to show him the City of Williamsburg, in which he became greatly interested. He also visited the Wythe House and saw what was being done to preserve and restore this ancient building. It had been the home of George Wythe-the first professor of law in America, the teacher of Thomas Jefferson, of James Monroe, of Chief Justice John Marshall, and of Henry Clay. The Wythe House had also been turned over to Mr. George Washington as his headquarters during the Yorktown Campaign, and there is every probability that the Battle of Yorktown, in its final details, was planned by Washington, the Marquis de Lafayette, the Comte de Rochambeau, and General Thomas Nelson in the parlor. George Wythe was also a signer of the Declaration of Independence. The restoration of the Wythe House very strongly appealed to Mr. Rockefeller. It enabled us to point out to him the great advantage that would result if other old and historic houses in the city, fast falling into decay, could be rescued, preserved, and restored. It was our privilege to cooperate with him in the purchase of the property, which was needed for Williamsburg's restoration during the first eighteen months of the acquisition program undertaken. As was to be expected, the prices of property advanced as the purchase program proceeded. It is, however, interesting to remember that no single piece of property 4 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm in the City of Williamsburg was purchased by any outsider or by any resident of the city for the purposes of speculation, the property all having been bought from the original owners. Colonial Williamsburg Taken by Colonial Williamsburg during the summer of 2000. this photograph has at least twenty-one eighteenth-century buildings in common with the picture above. Mr. Rockefeller did not in the beginning indicate his purpose of securing all, or of restoring the whole, colonial area of Williamsburg. He entered upon the work and proceeded with it gradually, buying certain pieces of property and finally committing himself to the restoration of the Main Building-or the Christopher Wren Building-at the college, the rebuilding of the Capitol, the rebuilding of the House of Burgesses, the restoration of the Duke of Gloucester Street, and the acquisition of Court Green and Palace Green. We secured the services of the architectural firm of Perry Shaw and Hepburn of Boston, and also the services of Mr. Arthur A. Shurcliff, the president of the American Institute of Landscape Architects. My secretary, Miss Elizabeth Hayes, prepared a historical booklet descriptive of the history of Williamsburg to be shown to Mr. Rockefeller. Preliminary plans were drawn. I can well remember the morning when these preliminary plans were presented to Mr. Rockefeller in a room in the Vanderbilt Hotel in New York. The whole morning from nine o'clock until half past twelve was spent with Mr. Rockefeller in reviewing these plans. After lunch, Mr. Rockefeller brought back with him to the Vanderbilt Hotel his principal aide, Colonel Arthur Woods, and his legal and real estate advisors, Mr. Thomas M. Debevoise and Mr. Charles Heydt, and spent several hours explaining to them the plans that had been explained to him in the morning. It was at this time that he authorized us to proceed to buy the property within the area that has been previously mentioned. During the first eighteen months of the Restoration it was necessary that all of the work of the Restoration in Williamsburg should be confined to my office. The name of the donor was not known-and every possible effort was being made by newspapers and others to learn from me, and from my secretary, the name of the person responsible for the purchase of this property. In order to conceal the identity of the donor, envelopes were often addressed to men of wealth and left in conspicuous places upon my office desk and table. In consequence thereof, reports were circulated that the Restoration was being done by Mr. Henry Ford, by Mr. Cornelius Vanderbilt, by Mr. J. Pierpont Morgan, and by every other 5 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Colonial Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/visio man in American who was supposed to have enough money to buy all of this property. The name of Mr. Rockefeller was, however, never revealed. His name did not appear at all within my letter files. The name of Mr. Rockefeller as the donor of the funds for the Restoration was not made known until early 1928. At that time it became necessary to negotiate with the city for the acquisition of the Palace Green, the Court Green and other property owned by the city. It seemed advisable, therefore, that the city should know to whom this property was to be turned over, and, with Mr. Rockefeller's consent, his name was announced at a mass meeting conducted in the high school building that June when the citizens assembled to vote on the question of authorizing the proper authorities to turn over the city property to the Restoration. Colonial Williamsburg Goodwin and Rockefeller seemed to be gazing into the future when a Virginia Chamber of Commerce photographer snapped them behind the Wythe House in 1928. As the work proceeded, it became more highly organized. The Restoration is deeply indebted to the fidelity of Mr. Kenneth Chorley who for the past year has been acting as the representative of President Arthur Woods's office here in Williamsburg. Mr. Rockefeller was extremely anxious that the work should be done in accordance with historic verity. To this end research work was organized and research workers were sent to England and to France to study the records in the British foreign record office, in the libraries in the universities of England, and in the military offices and historic libraries of France. As a result of this work, information indispensable to the Restoration was secured. The work has proceeded with care and with great caution. The work is proceeding slowly. No time limit has been fixed for its completion. It is believed that it is best not to release for publication plans or descriptions of the work as anything done is liable to change in the light of further evidence. It is fortunate that Williamsburg, which is being restored, will bring to mind, and perpetuate the simple architectural designs of that period in Virginia and American history before wealth had become obvious. 6 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Coloníal Williamsburg Foundation http://www.history.org/Foundation/journal/Winter00_01/vision.htm The results of the Restoration will be far reaching in their significance. It is interesting to think of the significance of: The restoration of the Christopher Wren Building, the oldest academic building upon the American continent, over which Washington presided as chancellor, associated with the school days of Jefferson, of Chief Justice Marshall, of the Randolphs, the Tylers, the Carters, the Dabneys, the Carrs and other men famous in Virginia history. The restoration of the Capitol building where George Mason's bill of rights was adopted, where the resolution was passed instructing the Virginia delegates in the Continental Congress to offer there a resolution to declare the colonies free and independent states, where Patrick Henry delivered his Brutus speech. The restoration and the furnishing of the colonial Governors Palace and the preservation and restoration of the historic homes of this city will constitute a treasure the value of which will increase with the passing years. The Restoration will be educational. Modern windows will open on vistas stretching through the distance into the past. The Restoration will be inspirational, in that it will recall to present and to future generations the faith and the sacrifice of the nation builders. Through this Restoration, a shrine will be created that will serve to stimulate patriotism, that will develop in American citizens a deeper love for their native land as they come to understand the things that happened here, without which the foundations of the federal republic could not have been securely laid. After helping Rockefeller to secure properties in Williamsburg's Historic Area, Goodwin served as the Restoration's local agent, as well as rector of Bruton Parish. He died in 1939 and is buried in the chancel of the church. Featured Articles from the Current Issue | Featured Articles from Past Issues What is the Journal of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation? | How to Get Printed Magazine Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Copyright © 2001. Privacy Policy 7 of 7 5/23/01 4:21 PM Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, John D. Rockefeller, Jr. http://www.history.org/History/jdrlweb/overview/guideintro.htm John Rookefeller, Library Overview Reference Desk Exhibits Collections Library Catalog Links John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library Overview The opening of the John D. Rockefeller, General Info Jr. Library in April 1997 represented the culmination of a forty-year-old dream at Hours Colonial Williamsburg: to collect at a single location all of the foundation's Staff various information resources on the history and culture of the Directions eighteenth-century Chesapeake. Research materials on history, General Collections and Public archaeology, architecture, and decorative Services arts that were previously housed in several different libraries have, for the Special Collections and Services first time, been gathered under one roof. This collection, in conjunction with other Visual Resources Collections museum resources at Colonial and Services Williamsburg, provides an unprecedented opportunity to conduct Technical and Automation in-depth research on colonial Virginia. Services Although the primary purpose of the Administrative Services Rockefeller Library is to serve the staff of the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation, The Abby Aldrich Rockefeller anyone with a serious interest in the Folk Art Library study of the eighteenth-century Chesapeake is welcome to use the collection. Patrons can find a wealth of information in the library's general collections, Virginia reference materials, rare books, manuscripts, maps, microforms, and architectural and photographic collections. In addition, online resources, such as CD-ROMs, databases, and userguides, provide enhanced, up-to-date finding aids for hard-to-research materials. The John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Library is part of the new Bruton Heights School Education Center, a 30.6-acre complex of research departments and collection storage facilities that serves as a physical testament to Colonial Williamsburg's continuing commitment to education and research. Home Overview Reference Desk Exhibits Collections Library Catalog Relevant Links 1 of 1 5/23/01 3:44 PM Stairway and Second Floor HILLCREST The spiral staircase leading to the second floor was the signature piece of the Hillcrest's architect, Mott Schmitt. At the top of the stairway is a portrait of William Rockefeller (1841-1922), younger brother of John D. Rockefeller and his partner in the oil business. William Rockefeller owned Rockwood Hall, an estate along the Hudson River which introduced his brother to the local area and led to his purchase of land in this area. On the landing at the top of the stairs is a bust of John D. Rockefeller. The display case at the top of the stairs contains a selection of honors given to Paul Erhlich (1854-1932), the German Home of the Rockefeller Archive Center Nobel Laureate whose papers are among the Center's collections. The portrait at the end of the hallway by the Reading The Rockefeller Archive Center is located in Hillcrest, a Room is of Edith Rockefeller McCormick (1872-1932), daughter home of Westchester field stone built for Martha Baird of John D. and Laura Spelman Rockefeller, whose portrait hangs in the Reading Room. Edith's portrait was completed in 1908. Rockefeller (1895-1971), the second wife of John D. Rockefeller, Her husband, Howard Fowler McCormick, was the son of Cyrus Jr. (1874-1960) and a former concert pianist. McCormick, inventor of the McCormick reaper. The house was designed by Mott B. Schmitt and was The Library at the end of the hallway was designed as the completed in 1963. Mrs. Rockefeller personally planned the master bedroom. The Reading Room across the hall was to be the furnishings of the house, but she never used it as her residence, upstairs sitting room. The adjacent room with card catalogs and although she maintained a staff here for her periodic visits. microfilm readers was originally the television room. Adjacent to the house is a ten-cargarage, above which are apartments for the resident custodian. A guided tour of Hillcrest is available upon request. The house provides work space for both researchers and staff and includes a few rooms where Rockefeller memorabilia are on display. The archival storage vaults are closed to researchers. Researchers who visit the RAC work in the Reading November, 2003 Room on the second floor of the house and may use the Researchers' Lounge on the first floor (the former pantry of the house). About 260 researchers visit the Archive Center each year. The Staff Lounge and the Researchers' Lounge are located in the servants' (tiled) wing of the first floor of the house. The Dining Room two main meeting rooms, the Dining Room and the Conference The dining room includes the chandelier chosen by Mrs. Room, are also located on the first floor, as are several rooms with Rockefeller, and a portrait of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. (1874-1960). displays of Rockefeller memorabilia. Mrs. Rockefeller also chose the wallpaper for this room. It is a 19th-century French mural on canvas. Foyers and Hallways The table is from the board room of the Culpeper The paintings in the foyer and along the walls make the Foundation and was a gift to the Archive Center from the entranceway and the halls a museum unto themselves. The foyer foundation when it merged with the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. is dominated by a large portrait of John D. Rockefeller by the The terrace just outside the dining room is the roof of the noted portrait artist Eastman Johnson. Rockefeller posed for archival storage vaults. Johnson in the latter's New York studio in 1895, at age 56, just about the time he quietly retired from day-to-day management of The Blue Room the Standard Oil Company. The painting was exhibited at the St. Originally the "morning room" for the house, this room Louis World's Fair in 1900 and belonged to Edith Rockefeller now holds two notable items belonging to John D. Rockefeller: his McCormick and later her son, Fowler, who in 1970 gave the safe from Kykuit and the desk from his Standard Oil Company portrait to the Rockefeller Foundation for installation in the office in Manhattan (26 Broadway). The Turkish prayer rug over Archive Center then under discussion. the mantle is from the collection of John D. Rockefeller, Jr., who admired Oriental carpets and porcelains as well as medieval art. Along the walls in the foyer, the hallways, and in the Conference Room (originally the main living room) are Marc The Powder Room Chagall's sketches for the stained glass windows at the Union This room now holds the furnishings from Abby Aldrich Church of Pocantico Hills. The windows were commissioned by Rockefeller's Powder Room in the Rockefeller's apartment at 740 members of the Rockefeller family, beginning with one (The Good Park Avenue. It includes a portrait of Queen Victoria, painted ca. Samaritan window, the large window at the south end of the 1840 by F.X. Winterhalter, and other items from the Victorian era church) to honor John D. Rockefeller, Jr. David Rockefeller purchased by Mrs. Rockefeller. purchased the sketches from Chagall's estate. John D. Rockefeller Jr.'s Office The Union Church is located just down the hill from the Originally designed as the music room, this room has been entrance to the Archive Center. The stained-glass windows, refurbished with the oak paneling, mantel and furniture from the unremarkable from the outside, offer brilliant displays of color office of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. as it was at 26 Broadway (1924- when seen from the inside on sunny days. Another Rockefeller- 1933) and Rockefeller Center (1933-1970). The furnishings were commissioned stained-glass window - a rose window by Matisse, purchased as a unit from Charles of London. Most of the paneling his last work - honors Abby Aldrich Rockefeller (Mrs. John D. was taken from an unknown Tudor house; the highboy is Rockefeller, Jr.). Elizabethan, the large tables are Elizabethan and Charles I, and the chairs are Charles II. The books in the bookcase are ones that were in Mr. Rockefeller's office in 1960. 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect Cc: Maureen Fournier Subject: Fwd: RAC & Acadia's Cadillac Summit Road date An update from the RAC. Santil 4/8/18 quiz Ron From: "Michele Beckerman" To: "Ronald Epp" Cc: "Marie""Yarborough" , "Rebecca Cole-Will" , "Web Archive" Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2016 5:57:35 PM Subject: RE: RAC & Acadia's Cadillac Summit Road Dear Ron- I am currently on vacation, but will be returning to work on Monday July 18th. When I return, I will look into the status Cadillac Summit Dedication newsreel footage since I do not believe we have received the films yet from Alex Albanese (but I could be mistaken about that). I will also look into the logistics of having a duplicate made for Acadia National Park's William Otis Sawtelle Collections & Research Center. I believe arrangements could be made to view the film at the Archive Center. I am also looking forward to seeing your biography of George Dorr. It will be a great addition to the library at the archive center. Best wishes, Michele Michele Hiltzik Beckerman Assistant Director- Head of Reference Rockefeller Archive Center 15 Dayton Avenue Sleepy Hollow NY 10591 Mbeckerman@rockarch.org (914)366-6342 Sent with Good (www.good.com) Original Message- From: Ronald Epp [eppster2@comcast.net] Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2016 04:24 PM Eastern Standard Time To: Beckerman, Michele Cc: Yarborough, Marie; Rebecca Cole-Will Subject: RAC & Acadia's Cadillac Summit Road https://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim=1 3/8 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect Dear Michele, I forward to you a series of emails regarding a RAC newsreel project about which you may have some pull. Last month Friends of Acadia published an article of mine on the impact of the Cadillac Summit Road, developed from my April 7, 2016 publication Creating Acadia National Park: The Biography of George B. Dorr. Can you believe that after all this time, Mr. Dorr's fascinating life is now in the public record? A copy will shortly find its way into your hands as it has into the hands of David Rockefeller whom I met last fall. Here is a link: htp://friendsofacadia.org/news-publications/books/george-dorr-biography/ The point of this contact is to ask whether you have any cataloging information on the Cadillac Summit Dedication newsreel footage referred to below. Further, whether this singular documentation might be shared with the William Otis Sawtelle Collections and Research Center. If access is restricted to the RAC, might I visit and view it when the newsreel is returned by Fun City Films to you? All the Best, Ronald H. Epp From: funcity@mac.com To: "Marie Yarborough" k, "Ronald Epp" https://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim= 4/8 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2016 1:35:11 PM Subject: Re: Park Dedication Ceremony Marie & Roland - Thank you both so much for the information. Let me give you a bit more background on this project I am doing the work for the Rockefeller Archive Center. We are in the middle of scanning / digitally restoring a selection of family films in their collection that date from the teens to the 1940's. While the bulk of the material is actual home movie footage, there are also some newsreels - it seems these prints were given to the family by the various studios at the time as a courtesy. This is not the first time, in trying to track down more information about a newsreel title, that we have discovered the RAC may hold the only surviving copy. As to the Arcadia image - it is from a Paramount Newsreel, "A Peek at the Peak." There is sync sound, and the runtime is 70 seconds. There certainly could have been Pathe coverage of this event as well - going by material I've seen on this project, between Paramount, Pathe, Universal and Fox/Movietone two or more studios often covered the same story. I must say the July date surprised me - the event took place on a misty, rainy day and everyone seems dressed for chilly weather, so I would have guessed April or May. But people dressed much more formally then, and I've never been to Maine so I don't know what the summers there are like. Unfortunately I personally can't provide you with a copy - but I will tell the RAC about your assistance and interest in this title. I should be delivering finished clips to them around the end of this year. Thank you again for the help. Sincerely, Alex Albanese Fun City Films 630 Ninth Ave, suite 202 New York, NY 10036 212-262-0221 On Jul 13, 2016, at 11:17 AM, Ronald Epp wrote: https://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim= 5/8 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect Dear Alex, ANP curator Marie Yarborough copied me on her response to your inquiry. I was delighted to find out that there survived moving film footage of the dedication of the Cadillac Mountain summit road. In my research several newspapers reported that footage was taken yet after careful research I thought I had tracked down the last surviving PATHE News footage abroad in a Paris archive. Only later did I learn that it had not survived WWII. Would you share with us a couple of details and a high resolution copy for archival research? Besides the frame below, how many seconds or minutes of footage has survived? We can also identify individuals in the image provided below. If I can assist with other details, please contact me. Sincerely, Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. 532 Sassafras Dr. Lebanon, PA 17042 717-272-0801 From: "Acadia Collections, NPS" To: funcity@mac.com Sent: Wednesday, July 13, 2016 9:40:24 AM Subject: Fwd: Park Dedication Ceremony Dear Alex, thanks for your inquiry--that is a really amazing picture. tps://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim= 6/8 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect The official party/dedication for the road was July 23, 1932. Also, if you want the best possible research that exists on this topic, and anything else related to the creation of Acadia National Park, you should pick up the newly published biography of George B. Dorr, by Dr. Ronald Epp. He has done 20 years of research on Dorr and has uncovered any and everything there is to know about the creation of the park. His book, in fact, is "our" go to reference now. "Creating Acadia National Park" by Ronald H. Epp He has a section in the book related to both the July 1932 road dedication and the July 1932 dedication of the Stephen Tyng Mather Memorial Plaque on Cadillac. Is there a chance that we could have a high resolution copy of this image for archives? Let me know if you have any more questions~ All the best, Marie C. Yarborough Curator, Acadia National Park William Otis Sawtelle Collections & Research Center Acadia National Park, Bar Harbor, Maine For research questions or appointments visit: http://go.nps.gov/Acadia_Collections http://www.nps.gov/acad/learn/historyculture/collections.htm 2 16 FIND YOUR NationalParkService PARK KENNIAL Forwarded message From: Date: Fri, Jul 8, 2016 at 1:24 PM Subject: Park Dedication Ceremony To: acadia_information@nps.gov https://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim= 7/8 7/15/2016 XFINITY Connect Hello I have a historical question about your park. I am trying to date a newsreel from the early 1930's that shows the ribbon cutting for the scenic highway to the summit of Cadillac Mountain. George B Dorr and John D Rockefeller 3rd cut the ribbon. Gov. William T. Gardiner & Secretary of the Navy Charles Adams were also in attendance - so this would put the date of the ceremony somewhere between 1929 & late 1932. Would you happen to know what the date was? Thank you, Alex Albanese Fun City Films 630 Ninth Ave, suite 202 New York, NY 10036 212-262-0221 Wanda Moran, Park Ranger Division of Interpretation Acadia National Park 207-288-8804 207-288-8813 FAX https://web.mail.comcast.net/zimbra/h/printmessage?id=380531&tz=America/New_York&xim= 8/8