Rockefeller Archive Center A GUIDE TO THE ARCHIVES OF THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY H+ THE ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVE CENTER he Rocketeller I niversity Archives are T maintained at the Rockefeller Archive Center a division of The Rocketeller I niversity, located 25 miles north of Yes York City in Pocantico Hills near Sleepy Hollow, New York The Archive Center was established in 19-1 to preserve and make available to researchers the records of the l niversity the Rocketeller Foundation the Rocketeller Brothers Fund. members of the Rockefeller family and other individuals and institutions associated with their endeavors The Center's collections document seminal developments and issues of the 20th century Major subjects include African- American history agriculture, the arts education inter- national relations and economic development labor. medicine and public health. nursing philanthropy, politics. population religion science the social sciences social welfare and women's history Scholars planning to conduct research using the University Archives should contact Darwin H. Stapleton Director of the Rockefeller Archive Center. or Lee R. Hilizik | Iniversity Archivist at the Rocketeller Archive Center Campus Office For the convenience of the | niversity community the Archive Center also maintains an office on the campus of the University in Room 118 at Theobald Smith Hall (X8912) Staffed In archivist Renée 1) Mastrocco the office is open by appointment. Additional information about the holdings and programs of the Rockefeller Archive Center is available online at http://www.rockefeller.edu./archive.ctr/ THE ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY The Rockefeller University, established in 1901 by John D. Rockefeller as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research (RIMR), was the first institution in the United States devoted solely to biomedical research. The earliest work was carried on through grants-in-aid to researchers in various American (and a few European) laboratories, but that program was phased out after the Institute's own laboratories were opened on its New York City campus in 1906. In 1954, the Institute became part of the University of the State of New York and acquired the right to confer graduate degrees, awarding its first Ph.D. in 1959. The Institute became The Rockefeller University in 1965. From the beginning the University's research programs were aimed at develop- ing fundamental knowledge of disease and physiology. Research has been carried out in interdisciplinary laboratories headed by leading scientists, who were known for more than fifty years as Members of the Institute and subsequently as Professors. A hospital was opened in 1910 and has remained an integral part of the research program. The University 1 THE UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES The Rockefeller University Archives, ca. 4,500 cu. ft. of documents, includes correspondence and memoranda, reports, laboratory notebooks, lectures and addresses, administrative records, and photographs and films. The material covers all periods of the University's history, and documents significant aspects of the 20th-century history of New York City, of international currents in biomedical research, and of educational and scientific developments in the U.S. David Rockefeller (shaking bands on left), Chairman of the Board of Trustees, and President Detlev Bronk (center) congratulate members of The Rockefeller's first graduating class in 1959. Records more than twenty-five years old are open to qualified researchers. Certain corporate, administrative, personnel, and financial records are restricted, as are certain collections of faculty papers. 2 Researchers should note that additional material related to the University and its scientists may be located in the archives of philanthropic foundations at the Rockefeller Archive Center. Descriptions of selected record groups (RG) follow. RG 105 REPORTS AND CORRESPONDENCE OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, 1901-1937. 1 CU. FT. RG 110 MINUTES OF THE SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, 1901-1953. 10 VOLUMES. The Board of Scientific Directors was responsible for overseeing all research at the Institute, including the hospital, until merged with the Board of Trustees in 1953. RG 130 MINUTES OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES, 1910-1982. 21.8 CU. FT. The trustees control the property and funds of the University. In 1953 the Board of Scientific Directors was merged with the Board of Trustees. RG 210 BUSINESS MANAGERS' FILES, 1906-1963. 46.4 CU. FT. Organized by subject, these records provide information on the day-to-day operations of the University. 3 RG 301 SIMON FLEXNER PAPERS, 1903-1945. 3.6 CU. FT. This collection includes miscella- neous administrative, scientific, and personal correspon- dence of the first director of the RIMR (1903-1935). Flexner (1863- 1946), a physician, Simon Flexner (standing) with Frederick T. Gates. was a professor of Gates conceived the idea for pathology at the the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research; Flexner University of was the first director of the Pennsylvania before Institute. assuming leadership of The Rockefeller. The archives also holds a microfilm copy (128 reels) of the Rockefeller Institute series of the Simon Flexner papers held at the American Philosophical Society (see description on page 24). RG 302 HERBERT S. GASSER PAPERS, 1933-1961. 20 CU. FT. Gasser (1888-1963), a neurophysiologist, was director of the Institute, 1935-1953. In 1944 he shared a Nobel Prize in medicine and phys- iology for his work in nerve conduction. The papers are both scientific and administrative, and include laboratory notebooks and related items, addresses, and publications. 4 RG 303 DETLEV W. BRONK PAPERS, 1840-(1954-1975)-1978 115 CU. FT. Bronk (1897-1975) was president during the transition from Institute to University, from 1954 to 1968. A leader in the study of human physiology in aeronautics, he was also a major figure in post-World War II scientific and governmental organizations. The collection includes significant documentation of every phase of Bronk's career, and major portions deal with research, professional and government activities, lectures and addresses, and personal and professional correspondence. Detlev Bronk (right) receiving an award from the International Benjamin Franklin Association, October 18, 1962. RG 304 FREDERICK SEITZ PAPERS, 1969-1977. 77.6 CU. FT. Material more than 25 years old is open for research. Seitz (1911-), , a physicist, was president of the University, 1969-1977. Active in public service, Seitz was a civilian member of the 5 National Defense Research Committee and a consultant to the secretary of war during World War II. He was also a member of the President's Science Advisory Committee, 1962-1969. RG 341 THOMAS M. RIVERS PAPERS, 1917-1957. 2.4 CU. FT. Rivers (1888-1962) joined the Institute in 1922 and specialized in virus research. From 1953 until his retirement in 1955 he was vice- president of the Institute. The papers are largely scientific and administrative, and include documentation of Rivers' medical research in the Pacific theater during World War II. RG 439 SCIENTIFIC REPORTS OF THE LABORATORIES TO THE BOARD OF SCIENTIFIC DIRECTORS, 1901-1955. 42 VOLUMES. Between 1901 and the reorganization of the Institute in the mid 1950s, each laboratory, Members of the Rockefeller's first Board of Scientific Directors on the steps of Founder's Hall in 1909. From left to right: T. Mitchell Prudden, Christian Herter, L. Emmett Holt, Simon Flexner, William H. Welch, Herman M. Biggs, and Theobald Smith. 6 research group, and special program was required to submit an annual report of its research to the corporate body that over- saw the Institute's scientific activities. Together the scientific reports chronicle the whole saga of research at the Institute and provide a valuable snapshot of research during any particular year. These reports document the investigations of a number of the early scientists whose papers have not been preserved in the Rockefeller University Archives or in other repositories. RG 600-1 ANTI-VIVISECTION PAPERS, 1895-1957. 8.5 CU. FT. The Institute's earliest leaders were con- vinced of the usefulness of animal research for understanding human disease and physiology and were active in opposing anti-vivisectionist legislation. The collection includes correspondence and publications, with a focus on anti-vivisection movements during 1908-1920, but continuing to 1957. RG 600-2 WAR DEMONSTRATION HOSPITAL RECORDS, 1916-1920. 5 CU. FT. During World War I, the Rockefeller Foundation funded a military hospital located on the Institute campus, headed by Alexis Carrel and staffed by Institute personnel. Research at the hospital focused on preventing the infection of wounds, and military physicians and nurses assigned to the hospital received training in medical 7 A reconstruction aids class at the War Demonstration Hospital, October 17, 1918. techniques to be used at the front. The bulk of the records document hospital operations, but the collection also includes administrative correspondence. Related material is located in the archives of the Rockefeller Foundation, also housed at the Archive Center. RG 891 THE MEDICAL LETTER ON DRUGS AND THERAPEUTICS EDITORIAL FILES, 1959-1970. 76.4 CU. FT. Since its debut in 1959, the bi-weekly Medical Letter on Drugs and Therapeutics has provided doctors with impartial evaluations of the strengths and dangers of drugs and therapeutic techniques. This collection contains the manuscripts, drafts, source material, and comments of consultants and manufacturers for almost all articles published, as well as for several unpublished submissions. The open portion of this collection relates to over 250 issues of The Medical Letter, beginning with the 1958 "Pre-Publication" issue, and continuing into 1968. 8 PUPERS SELECT MEMBERS PROFESSORS RG 450 MEMBERS AND PROFESSORS. The papers of members and professors are organized alphabetically as subseries of this record group. Laboratory heads were designated Members of the Institute until September 1957 and Professors thereafter. Researchers should consult the archivists regarding papers of members and professors not included in this brochure. An asterisk (*) denotes a Nobel prize recipient. RG 450 Av37 OSWALD T. AVERY PAPERS, 1913-1983. 2.5 CU. FT. This collection consists of articles about Avery, awards, clippings, correspondence, memorabilia, obituaries, photographs, reports, reprints, and an inventory of the Avery papers at the Tennessee State Library and Archives. A research physician and bacteriologist, Avery (1877-1955) joined the RIMR as an Assistant in 1913 and rose to the position of Member in 1923. A ranking researcher on pneumonia, Avery was one of the founders of the science of immuno- chemistry and discoverer of the transforming nature of DNA. He retired to Nashville, Tennessee in 1949. 9 RG 450 C232 *ALEXIS CARREL PAPERS, 1906-1983. 2 CU. FT. This collection consists of biographical articles, clippings, correspondence (1906-1944), experimental notes (1909), inquiries about Carrel (1936-1970), photographs, and reprints. Carrel (1873-1944), born and educated in Lyons, France, was a physician who worked in experimental surgery at the RIMR from 1906 until his retirement in 1939. He perfected the technique of vascular surgery and was awarded the Nobel prize in medicine in 1912 for his work on the suture of blood vessels and organ transplants. Carrel headed the Rockefeller Foundation-sponsored War Demonstration Hospital on the Institute's grounds during World War I (see RG 600-2, War Demonstration Hospital). RG 450 C661 ALFRED E. COHN PAPERS, 1900-(1920-1954)-1980. 60 CU. FT. The collection contains administrative records, clippings, correspon- dence (both personal and professional), manuscripts of Minerva's Progress (1946) and Burden of Disease (1950), Alfred Cohn notes, photographs, and reprints. 10 Cohn (1879-1957), one of the first cardiologists in the U.S., became an associate and assistant physician at the hospital of the RIMR in 1911. Within a few years he became the leader of the laboratory and clinical service devoted to the study of heart disease, a position he held until his retirement in 1944. His laboratory made contributions to knowledge in anatomy, embryology, physiology and biochemistry, as well as pathology and pharmacology. Cohn took a leading role in the activities of various organizations, and this collection documents his activities in the New York Heart Association, New York Academy of Medicine, Veterans Administration, China Medical Board, Asia Institute, Sydenham Hospital, and the Committee for Displaced Foreign Scholars and Displaced Foreign Physicians. RG 450 D851 RENÉ DUBOS PAPERS, 1900-(1927-1982)-1988. 60 CU. FT. The collection consists of biographical material; correspondence; drafts of lectures, articles, and books; laboratory notebooks; memorabilia; reprints; photographs and slides; audio and video cassettes; and films. A microbiologist and experimental pathologist, Dubos (1901-1982) joined the RIMR as a fellow after receiving his Ph.D. 11 from Rutgers in 1927. His association with The Rockefeller was interrupted only by two years at Harvard (1942-1944). He conducted research into pneumonia, tuberculosis, and enzymes, and was instru- mental in the development of gramicidin. Dubos's interests extended to include psychology, genetics, and the environment. He was the author of numerous articles and more than twenty books. RG 450 H735 FRANCIS O. HOLMES PAPERS, 1923-1990. 18 CU. FT. The first six cubic feet of correspondence are processed and are available for use by researchers. Holmes (1899-1990) was a phyto- pathologist who conducted research in the Philippines, Puerto Rico, Hawaii, and the Indian subcontinent. From 1923 until 1932, Holmes worked as a protozoologist at the Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research in Yonkers, New York. In 1932, following Dr. Louis 0. Kunkel's move, Holmes joined the faculty of the RIMR in the Department of Plant Pathology at its Princeton site in Hillsboro, New Jersey. In Kunkel's laboratory, Holmes changed his research concentration from plant protozoa to plant viruses. His area of expertise centered on mosaic virus diseases in various commercial crops. He also was a guest researcher at the Puerto Rico Agricultural Experiment Station in Rio Pedras, where he studied the causes of the spread of "bunchy-top" disease in the papaya plantations. When The Rockefeller closed its Princeton site in 1950, Holmes moved his research to the Institute's New York City campus. He retired in 1965. Convocation, 1959 RG 450 L221 REBECCA C. LANCEFIELD PAPERS, 1917, (1922-1981). 12.2 CU. FT. This collection includes biographical material, correspondence (both personal and professional), laboratory notebooks, memorabilia, photographs, and reprints. Lancefield (1895-1981), microbiologist, was first associated with the RIMR in 1919 as a technical assistant. After beginning graduate study at Columbia University, she returned to The Rockefeller in 1922 as an assistant and by 1958 had advanced to the status of full member and professor of microbiology. Lancefield's research centered on immunochemical studies of streptococcal bacteria. She developed a classification system for hemolytic strepto- cocci, known universally as the Lancefield Grouping. Her classification work helped provide the foundation for epidemiological investigations for streptococcal disease worldwide. During World War II, Lancefield's laboratory supplied vast quantities of Group A streptococcal sera to the U.S. Armed Forces. RG 450 L239 *KARL LANDSTEINER PAPERS, 1892-(1925-1943)-1984. 16.6 CU. FT. The collection includes biographical material, correspondence, subject files and laboratory notes, manuscripts, reprints, and lantern slides. 14 Landsteiner (1868-1943) was born in Vienna, where he also began his medical career in 1891 after earning an M.D from the University of Vienna. A physician and researcher in physiology, he demonstrated the dependence of immunological phenomena on chemical structure. In 1900 his studies on blood resulted in the identification and classification of the human blood groups A, B, AB and o, and for this work he received the Nobel Prize in 1930. Landsteiner was affiliated with the RIMR from 1922 until his death. RG 450 L657 PHOEBUS A.T. LEVENE PAPERS, 1905-1940. 7.2 CU. FT. At work in the P.A.T. Levene lab, 1908; from left to right: Walter Jacobs, Donald Van Slyke and Gustave Meyer. This collection includes biographical material, a bibliography, administrative correspondence, personal and scientific correspondence, citations and awards, notes and drafts for lectures and publica- tions, notebooks, and thirteen volumes 15 of reprints. A corresponding photographic collection contains thirty items. Levene (1869-1940), born and educated in Russia, was a biochemist noted for his extensive research on the chemistry of nucleic acids, proteins, and amino acids. Following graduation from a medical academy in 1892, Levene joined his family in the U.S. and practiced medicine on New York's Lower East Side until 1896, when he contracted tuberculosis and decided upon a career in biochemical research. He served as a Member of the RIMR from 1905 until his retirement in 1939. RG 450 L667 *FRITZ LIPMANN PAPERS, 1924-1986. 56.3 CU. FT. The collection contains personal papers, laboratory and lecture notes, and manuscripts. Lipmann (1899-1986) was born in Germany and earned an M.D. (1924) and Ph.D. in chemistry from the University of Berlin. He came to the U.S. in 1939 and worked at the Cornell Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital before joining The Rockefeller in 1957, four years after receiving the Nobel Prize for his discovery of Coenzyme A and its Fritz Lipmann 16 recognition as one of the most important substances in body metabolism. At Rockefeller, Lipmann worked with charged tRNAs and moved into the field of elonga- tion factors in ribosomal protein synthesis. RG 450 L823 JACQUES LOEB PAPERS, 1906-1924. 0.6 CU. FT. This collection includes biographical material, a bibliography, correspondence (1906-1924), memorials and tributes, articles about Loeb, photographs, reprints, and an inventory of the Jacques Loeb papers at the Library of Congress. Loeb (1859-1924), born and educated in Germany, was a leading proponent of the mechanistic conception of biology who served as a Member of the RIMR from 1910 until his death. His scientific work was stimulated by his philosophical concern with the freedom of the will, and his search for a mechanistic explanation for animal conduct led to research on animal tropisms and to applications of physical chemistry theories to biology. RG 450 M679 ALFRED MIRSKY PAPERS, 1915-(1936-1975)-1986. 29 CU. FT. This collection includes administrative records, biographical material, correspon- dence (both personal and professional), manuscripts of published papers and 17 lectures, laboratory notes, photographs and slides, programs, and reports. Mirsky (1900-1974) was a biochemist and physiologist at The Rockefeller from 1927 until his death. His research interests focused on the nature of proteins and prop- erties of the cell nucleus. Mirsky was one of the first scientists to isolate and characterize the Messenger RNA as genetic material in mammalian cells. As chairman of the Faculty Committee on Educational Policies, he helped shape policies in restructuring the RIMR into a graduate university. Mirsky was also active in furthering the publication of scientific literature through book publishing and as a consultant to Scientific American. RG 450 M786 *STANFORD MOORE PAPERS, 1930-1984. This inventoried collection includes subject files, laboratory notebooks, memorabilia, degrees and awards, lecture notes, photos, reprints, and correspondence. Partially restricted while processing is in progress. Moore (1913-1982), a biochemist who joined The Rockefeller in 1939, investigated the chemistry of proteins and carbohydrates and analyzed the composition of amino acids. Moore's research focused on the relationship between protein's chemical structure and its biological action. 18 RG 450 N689 HIDEYO NOGUCHI PAPERS, (1900-1928)-1976. 2.4 CU. FT. This collection includes biographical material, a bibliography, correspondence (1900-1928), condolences and memorials, newspapers and magazine articles about Noguchi, photographs, and four volumes of reprints of his writings. Much of the collection is posthumous material about Noguchi. Noguchi (1876-1928), born and educated in Japan, gained great fame as a scientist in America, where he joined the RIMR (1904-1928). After early research on snake venoms, Noguchi became the first scientist to demonstrate that paralysis resulted from syphilis; was the first to grow pure cultures of spirochetes; and made significant contributions toward the under- standing of Carrion's disease. He worked on yellow fever later in his career and believed he had isolated its causative agent Hideyo Noguchi in the laboratory, 1922 19 and developed a vaccine. When these findings were challenged, Noguchi pursued his research, only to contract the fatal disease himself. The Rockefeller Foundation provided financial support for Noguchi's research, and related material is located in its archives, also located at the Rockefeller Archive Center. RG 450 P422 GERTRUDE E. PERLMANN PAPERS, 1927, 1933, (1935-1974). 30 CU. FT. This collection includes administrative records, biographical material, conference material, correspondence (both personal and professional), glass slides, laboratory notes, manuscripts and drafts of manuscripts, memorabilia, photographs, and reports. Perlmann (1912-1974), an authority in the field of protein chemistry, was affiliated with The Rockefeller from 1947 until her death. She was noted for her research on the chemical structure of pepsin, an enzyme that speeds food digestion, and for demonstrating its ability to break down food. Perlmann also took an interest in scientific developments in Israel. In 1960, she was visiting professor at the Weizmann Institute in Rechovot at the laboratory of Ephraim Katchalski (who was later the president of Israel, Ephraim Katzir). 20 RG 450 ST34 *WILLIAM H. STEIN PAPERS, 1937-1980. 26.0 CU. FT. The collection includes correspondence, manuscripts, laboratory notes, lectures, subject files, administrative records, and audiovisual material. Stein (1911-1980) was affiliated with The Rockefeller throughout his profes- sional career. He began as a volunteer in Max Bergmann's laboratory in 1937, joined the staff in 1938, and became a Member in 1952. His research focused on questions in protein chemistry. He studied the rela- tionships between the chemical structures of proteins and their biological functions. Stein collaborated extensively with his Rockefeller colleague, Stanford Moore, and in 1959 they succeeded for the first time to decipher the complete chemical structure of ribonuclease. Stein and Moore were awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1972 for their investigations on the structure and activity of ribonucle- ase. RG 450 T189 *EDWARD L. TATUM PAPERS, 1931-(1930-1975)-1979. 23 CU. FT. This collection includes biographical material, correspondence (both personal and professional), film, laboratory notes, manuscripts of published papers and lectures, memorabilia, photographs and slides, and reprints. 21 Tatum (1909-1975), a biochemical geneticist, was a Member and Professor at The Rockefeller from 1957 until his death. He had earlier been associated with Stanford University (1937-1945, 1948- 1957) and Yale University (1945-1948). Tatum's field of research was the study of the genetics and metabolism of bacteria, yeast, and molds. Some of his most significant research accomplishments included the discovery of biochemical mutations in Neurospora (with George W. Beadle); biochemical mutation in bacteria; and gene recombination in Escherichia coli, both of the latter two research projects in association with Joshua S. Lederberg. In recognition of his work, Tatum shared the 1958 Nobel Prize in medicine and physiology with Beadle and Lederberg for their contributions to biochemical genetics. RG 450 U600 GEORGE E. UHLENBECK PAPERS, 1925-1988. 6.8 CU. FT. The collection consists of reprints, correspondence and general office files. Uhlenbeck (1900-1988) was a theoretical physicist best known for his contributions to the study of atomic structure, quantum and statistical 22 mechanics, the kinetic theory of matter, and nuclear physics. Uhlenbeck joined The Rockefeller in 1961 and contributed to the development of its theoretical physics faculty. He retired in 1974. RG 450 W436 PAUL A. WEISS PAPERS, 1922-1980. 48 CU. FT. The collection includes correspondence, photographs and slides, course syllabi, reprints, manuscripts, and lecture books. Weiss (1898-1989) conducted impor- tant research on the vertebrate nervous system that contributed to the development of neurobiology. After years of teaching and research in his native Vienna and at Yale University and the University of Chicago, he joined The Rockefeller in 1954 and for the next decade directed a laboratory of developmental biology, specializing in research in wound healing, cancer, and the development and repair of the nervous system. After 1964 he alternated research at Rockefeller with visiting professorships at other universities. *Denotes Nobel prize recipient. 23 RAC SPECIAL COLLECTION SIMON FLEXNER PAPERS, 1891-1946. 128 REELS OF MICROFILM. This collection consists of microfilm of the Rockefeller Institute series of the Flexner Papers in the American Philosophical Society collection. A register for the complete collection is available at the Archive Center. Flexner (1863-1946) was a physician, administrator, professor of pathology at the University of Pennsylvania, first director of the RIMR (1901-1935), a trustee of the Rockefeller Foundation, and a friend and advisor to John D. Rockefeller, Jr. The papers reflect almost every movement in the organization of medical science in the first half of the 20th century and are rich in social, cultural, and educational history. The collection includes correspondence, diaries, drafts of articles, and speeches. Subjects covered include epidemics in the U.S., immunology, medical sciences, and poliomyelitis. See also RG 301 above. 24 The Rockefeller Archive Center A division of The Rockefeller University 15 Dayton Avenue Sleepy Hollow, New York 10591-1598 Telephone (914) 631-4505 http://www.rockefeller.edu./archive.ctr/ e-mail: : archive@rockvax.rockefeller.edu May 2000 MAJOR ROCKEFELLER ORGANIZATIONAL ARCHIVE CENTER COLLECTIONS RECORDS STAFF ROCKEFELLER FAMILY ARCHIVES ROCKEFELLER BROTHERS FUND ARCHIVES Includes the following major record groups: Established in 1940, the RBF has been interested in In addition to its major collections, the Center's DARWIN H. STAPLETON, Ph.D., Direc cultural advancement, education, health, religion, holdings include the papers of a number of individuals John D. Rockefeller Papers, 1855-1942 welfare, international relations and understanding, associated with Rockefeller philanthropy and the MONICA S. BLANK, B.A., Archivist conservation, population control, and racial equality. records of the organizations listed below. Office of the Messrs Rockefeller, General Files, 1890- MINDY S. GORDON, M.S., Archivist Includes correspondence, reports, grant files, and 1961 Special Studies Project files. Project files over 10 years Agricultural Development Council Includes the correspondence and project files of John LEE R. HILTZIK, Ph.D., University Arch old are open for research. American International Association for Economic D. Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., his sons, and Social Development MICHELE HILTZIK, M.L.A., Archivis and associates. Also includes the personal papers of COMMONWEALTH FUND ARCHIVES Arts, Education and Americans Panel John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. Established in 1918 by Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness for Asia Society MILISSA B. KAFES, M.S., Archivist "benevolent, religious, educational and like purposes." Bureau of Social Hygiene Abby R. Mauze Papers, 1903-1976 Includes General Directors' reports; division files for the China Medical Board of New York JOHN LeGLOAHEC, M.L.S., Archivis child guidance/welfare, legal research, mental hygiene, Council on Foundations John D. Rockefeller 3rd Papers, 1906-1978 public health, and rural hospitals programs; grant files; ERWIN LEVOLD, Ph.D., Archivist Charles E. Culpeper Foundation medical fellowship files; annual reports; and Harkness Davison Fund RENÉE MASTROCCO, M.A., Nelson A. Rockefeller Papers, 1930-1979 family papers. General Education Board Archivist at Rockefeller University Processing in progress. 1,232 cu. ft. of papers, photographs, films, and sound recording currently Historic Hudson Valley RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION RECORDS HAROLD W. OAKHILL, M.A., Archivi open to researchers. Established in 1907 by Margaret Olivia Sage for the International Basic Economy Corporation "improvement of social and living conditions in the International Education Board MICHELLE M. POWERS, B.A.L.A., Winthrop Rockefeller Papers, 1911-1973 United States." Includes correspondence, reports, JDR 3rd Fund Assistant Archivist On microfilm. Major portions restricted. meeting agenda and minutes, annual reports, financial Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust statements, clippings, pamphlets, brochures, and Mrs. Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial SHARON PULLEN, M.S., ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES Sage's personal office correspondence. Martha Baird Rockefeller Fund for Music Assistant Archivist Established as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Research in 1901, it was the first American institu- JOHN AND MARY MARKLE FOUNDATION ARCHIVES CAROL RADOVICH, B.A., Archivist Population Council tion devoted solely to medical research. Includes the Established in 1927 "to promote the general good of Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the reports to the Board of Scientific Directors, administra- KENNETH W. ROSE, Ph.D., mankind," its programs have focused on support for Eradication of Hookworm Disease Assistant to the Director tive correspondence, business managers' files, and the medical research (1936-1949), the Markle Scholar personal and scientific papers of numerous former Sealantic Fund Program to promote medical research and teaching faculty and administrators. Most corporate records over (1947-1969), and mass communications. Spelman Fund of New York THOMAS E. ROSENBAUM, M.A., Arch 25 years old are open for research. Union Tank Car Company CHARLOTTE L. STURM, B.A., SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL ARCHIVES Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Assistant Project Archivist ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ARCHIVES Incorporated in 1924 to advance research in the social Established in 1913, the RF has conducted a world- sciences, the SSRC has conducted much of its work Some material is restricted. LARISSA D. WOO, M.S., Project Archi wide program in agricultural development, education, through committees, which set research priorities, award the natural and social sciences, public health and the fellowships and research grants, and sponsor confer- arts and humanities. Includes programs and policy ences and publications. The bulk of the collection ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CUSTODIAL ST consists of committee files. files, grant files, general correspondence and Pecolia Allston-Rieder Elias Siguen financial records. Project files over 20 years old are Marie Callahan Felix Yumar open for research. Camilla Harris Roseann Variano ROCKEFELLER THE T HE ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVE CENTER, RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM ARCHIVE CENTER a division of The Rockefeller University, ROCKEFELLER The Center's Grant-in-Aid program offers support to GOVERNING COUNCIL was created in 1974 to assemble, process, scholars in any discipline who are engaged in ARCHIVE CENTER and make available for scholarly research the research that requires extensive use of the archival archival collections of members of the Rockefeller collections housed at the Center. Applications for family and of various philanthropic and educational this competitive program must include a budget GEORGE C. BOND institutions they have founded, including The that details estimated expenses for travel, temporary Professor, Program in Applied Anthropology Rockefeller University, the Rockefeller Foundation, lodging, meals, and research. Scholars from the and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Seven non- Teachers College, Columbia University United States and Canada may apply for grants of Rockefeller institutions have added their records to the up to $2,500; because of the additional cost of CRAIG CALHOUN Center's collections since 1985. travel, scholars from outside the U.S. and Canada President, Social Science Research Ccouncil may request up to $3,000. Special grants-in-aid The Center's 66 million pages of documents, and residences for targeted subject areas are ELLEN F. FITZPATRICK 500,000 photographs, and 2,000 films provide announced annually. The deadline for application Associate Professor of History unique insights into worldwide developments and is November 30th, and recipients are announced in University of New Hampshire issues of the 19th and 20th centuries. More than March. 3,000 scholars have conducted research at the Center, EDIE HEDLIN and many of them have produced books, articles, CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives dissertations and films based on the Center's The Center sponsors occasional seminars and collections. JULES HIRSCH conferences on topics related to its holdings and Professor and Senior Lab Physician seeks to publish the proceedings. The Center has Major subjects researched at the Center include The Rockefeller University published general guides to its manuscripts and agriculture, the arts, African-American history, records and to its photograph collections, as well as education, international relations and economic ROBERT E. KOHLER surveys of its holdings related to specific subjects. Professor of History and Sociology of Science development, labor, medicine, philanthropy, politics, The Center issues a Newsletter in the fall and University of Pennsylvania population, religion, science, the social sciences, Research Reports from the Rockefeller Archive social welfare and women's history. Center each spring. Many of the publications are ELLEN CONDLIFFE LAGEMANN available online. Professor of History and Education and Director, Scholars interested in conducting research at the Center for the Study of American Culture and Education Center should write to the Director, describing their ONLINE DESCRIPTION New York University projects in specific terms. The staff will respond with The Center's collections are described in RLIN and a description of the scope and content of relevant ALICE LUSTIG materials in the collections. on the Center's home page on the World Wide Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer Web, which contains information about archival 15 Dayton Avenue The Rockefeller University and manuscript holdings, research services, the LOCATION AND ACCESS Sleepy Hollow, New York 10591-1598 grant program, and publications. The Rockefeller Archive Center is located 25 miles (914) 631-4505 BRUCE MAZLISH See http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/ north of New York City in Sleepy Hollow, New York. Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Metro North Hudson Line trains from Grand Central Rockefeller Family Representative w:http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ct INTERLIBRARY LOAN Station to Tarrytown (40 minutes) and major highways JOYCE L. MOOCK provide access to the Center. The Reading Room is Microfilm editions of selected collections are email: archive@rockvax.rockefeller.edu open to researchers on weekdays from 9:00 A.M. until available through interlibrary loan. Contact the Associate Vice President, The Rockefeller Foundation 4:45 P.M., and on one Saturday each month. An Center for details. BENJAMIN R. SHUTE, Jr., Council Chair information packet, which includes a map, a listing of The Secretary and Treasurer holiday closings and Saturday openings, and local Rockefeller Rockefeller Brothers Fund housing accommodations, is available upon request and University online. Rev. 3/2000 STEVEN C. WHEATLEY Director of Programs American Council of Learned Societies ROCKEFELLER THE T HE ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVE CENTER, RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM ARCHIVE CENTER a division of The Rockefeller University, ROCKEFELLER The Center's Grant-in-Aid program offers support to GOVERNING COUNCIL was created in 1974 to assemble, process, scholars in any discipline who are engaged in ARCHIVE CENTER and make available for scholarly research the research that requires extensive use of the archival archival collections of members of the Rockefeller collections housed at the Center. Applications for family and of various philanthropic and educational this competitive program must include a budget institutions they have founded, including The GEORGE C. BOND that details estimated expenses for travel, temporary Professor, Program in Applied Anthropology Rockefeller University, the Rockefeller Foundation, lodging, meals, and research. Scholars from the and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Seven non- Teachers College, Columbia University United States and Canada may apply for grants of Rockefeller institutions have added their records to the up to $2,500; because of the additional cost of CRAIG CALHOUN Center's collections since 1985. travel, scholars from outside the U.S. and Canada President, Social Science Research Ccouncil may request up to $3,000. Special grants-in-aid The Center's 66 million pages of documents, and residences for targeted subject areas are ELLEN FITZPATRICK 500,000 photographs, and 2,000 films provide announced annually. The deadline for application Associate Professor of History unique insights into worldwide developments and is November 30th, and recipients are announced in University of New Hampshire issues of the 19th and 20th centuries. More than March. 3,000 scholars have conducted research at the Center, EDIE HEDLIN and many of them have produced books, articles, CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives dissertations and films based on the Center's The Center sponsors occasional seminars and collections. JULES HIRSCH conferences on topics related to its holdings and Professor and Senior Lab Physician seeks to publish the proceedings. The Center has Major subjects researched at the Center include The Rockefeller University published general guides to its manuscripts and agriculture, the arts, African-American history, records and to its photograph collections, as well as education, international relations and economic ROBERT E. KOHLER surveys of its holdings related to specific subjects. Professor of History and Sociology of Science development, labor, medicine, philanthropy, politics, The Center issues a Newsletter in the fall and University of Pennsylvania population, religion, science, the social sciences, Research Reports from the Rockefeller Archive social welfare and women's history. Center each spring. Many of the publications are ELLEN CONDLIFFE LAGEMANN available online. Professor of History and Education and Director, Scholars interested in conducting research at the Center for the Study of American Culture and Education Center should write to the Director, describing their ONLINE DESCRIPTION New York University projects in specific terms. The staff will respond with The Center's collections are described in RLIN and a description of the scope and content of relevant ALICE LUSTIG materials in the collections. on the Center's home page on the World Wide Web, which contains information about archival Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer 15 Dayton Avenue The Rockefeller University and manuscript holdings, research services, the LOCATION AND ACCESS Sleepy Hollow, New York 10591-1598 grant program, and publications. The Rockefeller Archive Center is located 25 miles (914) 631-4505 BRUCE MAZLISH See http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/ north of New York City in Sleepy Hollow, New York. Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Metro North Hudson Line trains from Grand Central Rockefeller Family Representative ww:http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive. INTERLIBRARY LOAN Station to Tarrytown (40 minutes) and major highways :archive@rockvax.rockefeller.edu provide access to the Center. The Reading Room is Microfilm editions of selected collections are JOYCE L. MOOCK open to researchers on weekdays from 9:00 A.M. until available through interlibrary loan. Contact the Associate Vice President, The Rockefeller Foundation Center for details. 4:45 P.M., and on one Saturday each month. An BENJAMIN R. SHUTE, Jr., Council Chair information packet, which includes a map, a listing of The Secretary and Treasurer holiday closings and Saturday openings, and local Rockefeller Rockefeller Brothers Fund housing accommodations, is available upon request and University 1901 online. Rev. 3/2000 STEVEN C. WHEATLEY Director of Programs American Council of Learned Societies MAJOR ROCKEFELLER ORGANIZATIONAL COLLECTIONS ARCHIVE CENTER RECORDS STAFF ROCKEFELLER FAMILY ARCHIVES ROCKEFELLER BROTHERS FUND ARCHIVES Includes the following major record groups: Established in 1940, the RBF has been interested in In addition to its major collections, the Center's DARWIN H. STAPLETON, Ph.D., Directo cultural advancement, education, health, religion, holdings include the papers of a number of individuals John D. Rockefeller Papers, 1855-1942 welfare, international relations and understanding, associated with Rockefeller philanthropy and the MONICA S. BLANK, B.A., Archivist conservation, population control, and racial equality. records of the organizations listed below. Office of the Messrs Rockefeller, General Files, 1890- MINDY S. GORDON, M.S., Archivist Includes correspondence, reports, grant files, and 1961 Special Studies Project files. Project files over 10 years Agricultural Development Council Includes the correspondence and project files of John American International Association for Economic LEE R. HILTZIK, Ph.D., University Archiv old are open for research. D. Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., his sons, and Social Development and associates. Also includes the personal papers of MICHELE HILTZIK, M.L.A., Archivist COMMONWEALTH FUND ARCHIVES Arts, Education and Americans Panel John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. Established in 1918 by Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness for Asia Society MILISSA B. KAFES, M.S., Archivist "benevolent, religious, educational and like purposes." Bureau of Social Hygiene Abby R. Mauze Papers, 1903-1976 Includes General Directors' reports; division files for the China Medical Board of New York JOHN LeGLOAHEC, M.L.S., Archivist child guidance/welfare, legal research, mental hygiene, Council on Foundations John D. Rockefeller 3rd Papers, 1906-1978 public health, and rural hospitals programs; grant files; ERWIN LEVOLD, Ph.D., Archivist Charles E. Culpeper Foundation medical fellowship files; annual reports; and Harkness Davison Fund Nelson A. Rockefeller Papers, 1930-1979 family papers. RENÉE MASTROCCO, M.A., Processing in progress. 1,232 cu. ft. of papers, General Education Board Archivist at Rockefeller University photographs, films, and sound recording currently RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION RECORDS Historic Hudson Valley open to researchers. Established in 1907 by Margaret Olivia Sage for the International Basic Economy Corporation HAROLD W. OAKHILL, M.A., Archivist "improvement of social and living conditions in the International Education Board MICHELLE M. POWERS, B.A.L.A., Winthrop Rockefeller Papers, 1911-1973 United States." Includes correspondence, reports, JDR 3rd Fund Assistant Archivist On microfilm. Major portions restricted. meeting agenda and minutes, annual reports, financial Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust statements, clippings, pamphlets, brochures, and Mrs. Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial SHARON PULLEN, M.S., ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES Sage's personal office correspondence. Martha Baird Rockefeller Fund for Music Assistant Archivist Established as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Research in 1901, it was the first American institu- JOHN AND MARY MARKLE FOUNDATION ARCHIVES CAROL RADOVICH, B.A., Archivist tion devoted solely to medical research. Includes the Population Council Established in 1927 "to promote the general good of reports to the Board of Scientific Directors, administra- Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the mankind," its programs have focused on support for KENNETH W. ROSE, Ph.D., tive correspondence, business managers' files, and the Eradication of Hookworm Disease Assistant to the Director medical research (1936-1949), the Markle Scholar personal and scientific papers of numerous former Program to promote medical research and teaching Sealantic Fund faculty and administrators. Most corporate records over (1947-1969), and mass communications. Spelman Fund of New York THOMAS E. ROSENBAUM, M.A., Archivi 25 years old are open for research. Union Tank Car Company CHARLOTTE L. STURM, B.A., SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL ARCHIVES Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Assistant Project Archivist ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ARCHIVES Incorporated in 1924 to advance research in the social Established in 1913, the RF has conducted a world- sciences, the SSRC has conducted much of its work Some material is restricted. LARISSA D. WOO, M.S., Project Archivis wide program in agricultural development, education, through committees, which set research priorities, award the natural and social sciences, public health and the fellowships and research grants, and sponsor confer- arts and humanities. Includes programs and policy ences and publications. The bulk of the collection ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CUSTODIAL STAFF files, grant files, general correspondence and consists of committee files. Pecolia Allston-Rieder financial records. Project files over 20 years old are Elias Siguenza Marie Callahan Felix Yumart open for research. Camilla Harris Roseann Variano MAJOR ROCKEFELLER ORGANIZATIONAL COLLECTIONS ARCHIVE CENTER RECORDS STAFF ROCKEFELLER FAMILY ARCHIVES ROCKEFELLER BROTHERS FUND ARCHIVES Includes the following major record groups: Established in 1940, the RBF has been interested in In addition to its major collections, the Center's DARWIN H. STAPLETON, Ph.D., Directo cultural advancement, education, health, religion, holdings include the papers of a number of individuals John D. Rockefeller Papers, 1855-1942 welfare, international relations and understanding, associated with Rockefeller philanthropy and the MONICA S. BLANK, B.A., Archivist conservation, population control, and racial equality. records of the organizations listed below. Office of the Messrs Rockefeller, General Files, 1890- MINDY S. GORDON, M.S., Archivist Includes correspondence, reports, grant files, and 1961 Special Studies Project files. Project files over 10 years Agricultural Development Council Includes the correspondence and project files of John American International Association for Economic LEE R. HILTZIK, Ph.D., University Archiv old are open for research. D. Rockefeller, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., his sons, and Social Development and associates. Also includes the personal papers of MICHELE HILTZIK, M.L.A., Archivist COMMONWEALTH FUND ARCHIVES Arts, Education and Americans Panel John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and his wife, Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. Established in 1918 by Mrs. Stephen V. Harkness for Asia Society MILISSA B. KAFES, M.S., Archivist "benevolent, religious, educational and like purposes." Bureau of Social Hygiene Abby R. Mauze Papers, 1903-1976 Includes General Directors' reports; division files for the China Medical Board of New York JOHN LeGLOAHEC, M.L.S., Archivist child guidance/welfare, legal research, mental hygiene, Council on Foundations John D. Rockefeller 3rd Papers, 1906-1978 public health, and rural hospitals programs; grant files; ERWIN LEVOLD, Ph.D., Archivist Charles E. Culpeper Foundation medical fellowship files; annual reports; and Harkness Davison Fund Nelson A. Rockefeller Papers, 1930-1979 family papers. RENÉE MASTROCCO, M.A., General Education Board Processing in progress. 1,232 cu. ft. of papers, Archivist at Rockefeller University photographs, films, and sound recording currently RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION RECORDS Historic Hudson Valley open to researchers. Established in 1907 by Margaret Olivia Sage for the International Basic Economy Corporation HAROLD W. OAKHILL, M.A., Archivist "improvement of social and living conditions in the International Education Board MICHELLE M. POWERS, B.A.L.A., Winthrop Rockefeller Papers, 1911-1973 United States." Includes correspondence, reports, JDR 3rd Fund Assistant Archivist On microfilm. Major portions restricted. meeting agenda and minutes, annual reports, financial Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust statements, clippings, pamphlets, brochures, and Mrs. Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memorial SHARON PULLEN, M.S., ROCKEFELLER UNIVERSITY ARCHIVES Sage's personal office correspondence. Martha Baird Rockefeller Fund for Music Assistant Archivist Established as The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center Research in 1901, it was the first American institu- JOHN AND MARY MARKLE FOUNDATION ARCHIVES CAROL RADOVICH, B.A., Archivist Population Council tion devoted solely to medical research. Includes the Established in 1927 "to promote the general good of reports to the Board of Scientific Directors, administra- Rockefeller Sanitary Commission for the mankind," its programs have focused on support for KENNETH W. ROSE, Ph.D., tive correspondence, business managers' files, and the Eradication of Hookworm Disease Assistant to the Director medical research (1936-1949), the Markle Scholar personal and scientific papers of numerous former Sealantic Fund Program to promote medical research and teaching faculty and administrators. Most corporate records over (1947-1969), and mass communications. Spelman Fund of New York THOMAS E. ROSENBAUM, M.A., Archivi 25 years old are open for research. Union Tank Car Company CHARLOTTE L. STURM, B.A., SOCIAL SCIENCE RESEARCH COUNCIL ARCHIVES Woodrow Wilson National Fellowship Foundation Assistant Project Archivist ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION ARCHIVES Incorporated in 1924 to advance research in the social Established in 1913, the RF has conducted a world- sciences, the SSRC has conducted much of its work Some material is restricted. LARISSA D. WOO, M.S., Project Archivis wide program in agricultural development, education, through committees, which set research priorities, award the natural and social sciences, public health and the fellowships and research grants, and sponsor confer- arts and humanities. Includes programs and policy ences and publications. The bulk of the collection ADMINISTRATIVE STAFF CUSTODIAL STAFF files, grant files, general correspondence and consists of committee files. Pecolia Allston-Rieder financial records. Project files over 20 years old are Elias Siguenza Marie Callahan Felix Yumart open for research. Camilla Harris Roseann Variano ROCKEFELLER THE T ROCKEFELLER ARCHIVE CENTER, RESEARCH SUPPORT PROGRAM ARCHIVE CENTER a division of The Rockefeller University, ROCKEFELLER The Center's Grant-in-Aid program offers support to GOVERNING COUNCIL was created in 1974 to assemble, process, scholars in any discipline who are engaged in ARCHIVE CENTER and make available for scholarly research the research that requires extensive use of the archival archival collections of members of the Rockefeller collections housed at the Center. Applications for family and of various philanthropic and educational this competitive program must include a budget institutions they have founded, including The GEORGE C. BOND that details estimated expenses for travel, temporary Rockefeller University, the Rockefeller Foundation, Professor, Program in Applied Anthropology lodging, meals, and research. Scholars from the and the Rockefeller Brothers Fund. Seven non- Teachers College, Columbia University United States and Canada may apply for grants of Rockefeller institutions have added their records to the up to $2,500; because of the additional cost of CRAIG CALHOUN Center's collections since 1985. travel, scholars from outside the U.S. and Canada President, Social Science Research Cooncil may request up to $3,000. Special grants-in-aid The Center's 66 million pages of documents, and residences for targeted subject areas are ELLEN F. FITZPATRICK 500,000 photographs, and 2,000 films provide announced annually. The deadline for application Associate Professor of History unique insights into worldwide developments and is November 30th, and recipients are announced in University of New Hampshire issues of the 19th and 20th centuries. More than March. 3,000 scholars have conducted research at the Center, EDIE HEDLIN and many of them have produced books, articles, CONFERENCES AND PUBLICATIONS Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives dissertations and films based on the Center's The Center sponsors occasional seminars and collections. JULES HIRSCH conferences on topics related to its holdings and Professor and Senior Lab Physician seeks to publish the proceedings. The Center has Major subjects researched at the Center include The Rockefeller University published general guides to its manuscripts and agriculture, the arts, African-American history, records and to its photograph collections, as well as education, international relations and economic ROBERT E. KOHLER surveys of its holdings related to specific subjects. Professor of History and Sociology of Science development, labor, medicine, philanthropy, politics, The Center issues a Newsletter in the fall and University of Pennsylvania population, religion, science, the social sciences, Research Reports from the Rockefeller Archive social welfare and women's history. Center each spring. Many of the publications are ELLEN CONDLIFFE LAGEMANN available online. Professor of History and Education and Director, Scholars interested in conducting research at the Center for the Study of American Culture and Education Center should write to the Director, describing their ONLINE DESCRIPTION New York University projects in specific terms. The staff will respond with The Center's collections are described in RLIN and a description of the scope and content of relevant ALICE LUSTIG materials in the collections. on the Center's home page on the World Wide Web, which contains information about archival Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Officer 15 Dayton Avenue The Rockefeller University and manuscript holdings, research services, the LOCATION AND ACCESS Sleepy Hollow, New York 10591-1598 grant program, and publications. The Rockefeller Archive Center is located 25 miles (914) 631-4505 BRUCE MAZLISH See http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/ north of New York City in Sleepy Hollow, New York. Professor of History, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Metro North Hudson Line trains from Grand Central w:http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.c Rockefeller Family Representative INTERLIBRARY LOAN Station to Tarrytown (40 minutes) and major highways email: archive@rockvax.rockefeller.edu Microfilm editions of selected collections are JOYCE L. MOOCK provide access to the Center. The Reading Room is open to researchers on weekdays from 9:00 A.M. until available through interlibrary loan. Contact the Associate Vice President, The Rockefeller Foundation Center for details. 4:45 P.M., and on one Saturday each month. An BENJAMIN R. SHUTE, Jr., Council Chair information packet, which includes a map, a listing of The Secretary and Treasurer holiday closings and Saturday openings, and local Rockefeller Rockefeller Brothers Fund housing accommodations, is available upon request and University 1901 online. Rev. 3/2000 STEVEN C. WHEATLEY Director of Programs American Council of Learned Societies John D. Rockefeller, Jr.'s Credo On July 8, 1941. in a radio broadcast appeal on behalf of the USO and the National War Fund, John D. Rockefeller. Jr., gave this statement of principles that was widely reprinted under the title. "I Believe. "In 1962 these words were included on a commemorative marble tablet at Rockefeller Center, where they continue to inspire readers. I BELIEVE IN THE SUPREME WORTH OF THE INDIVIDUAL PURSUIT HAPPINESS AVERY THAT TRUTH AN WORLD, RIGHT ROCKE I BELIEVE I believe in the supreme worth of the individual and in his right to life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. I believe that every right implies a responsibility; every opportunity, an obligation; every possession, a duty. I believe that the law was made for man and not man for the law; that government is the servant of the people and not their master. I believe in the dignity of labor, whether with head or hand; that the world owes no man a living but that it owes every man an opportunity to make a living. I believe that thrift is essential to well ordered living and that economy is a prime requisite of a sound financial structure, whether in government, business or personal affairs. I believe that truth and justice are fundamental to an enduring social order. I believe in the sacredness of a promise, that a man's word should be as good as his bond; that character - not wealth or power or position - is of supreme worth. I believe that the rendering of useful service is the common duty of mankind and that only in the purifying fire of sacrifice is the dross of selfishness consumed and the greatness of the human soul set free. I believe in an all-wise and all-loving God, named by whatever name, and that the individual's highest fulfillment, greatest happiness, and widest usefulness are to be found in living in harmony with His will. I believe that love is the greatest thing in the world; that it alone can overcome hate; that right can and will triumph over might. John D. Rockefeller Archive Center 15 Dayton Avenue, Sleepy Hollow NY 10591-1598 Telephone (914) 631-4505 e-mail: archive@mail.rockefeller.edu www.rockefellen.edu/archive.ctr Rockefeller Fall 2000 Archive Newsletter Center The Rockefeller University Three Targeted Turns 100 Years Old Grant Programs for 2001 By Elizabeth Hanson, Ph.D. Society will designate the campus For the year 2001, the Executive Editor, The Rockefeller a National Historic Chemical Rockefeller Archive Center University Public Affairs Office Landmark in honor of achievements again will award grants-in-aid of ohn D. Rockefeller never at Rockefeller in protein and research in three targeted areas J realized his wish to live to be nucleic acid chemistry. Five Nobel in addition to its regular pro- 100 years old, but the first laureates in chemistry have done gram of grants. Two areas institution created solely with their Prize-winning work at the the history of the Rockefeller Rockefeller money will reach University. During the October 20 University and the history that milestone in 2001. The program, Professor Emeritus and of basic medical research - Nobel laureate R. Bruce Merrifield Rockefeller University, founded in continue from previous years, 1901 as the Rockefeller Institute will join others in paying tribute and a new area for 2001 offers for Medical Research, was the first to the history of chemistry at the support for research in the his- institution in the U.S. devoted University. tory of the Cold War era. All completely to studying the under- The following month, on three targeted grant areas are November 13 and 14, 2000, the lying causes of disease and the described below. The applica- Rockefeller Archive Center will fundamental processes of life. tion deadline for all programs Today its areas of research sponsor a conference titled is November 30, 2000; grant include chemistry and structural "Creating a Tradition of Biomedical recipients will be announced Research" to be held at the biology, cell and developmental in March 2001. biology, neuroscience, immu- University's campus. Public events nology, and physics and mathe- during the conference include The History of the Cold War Era noontime lectures by Rogers The Rockefeller Archive Center matical biology. Throughout the 2000-2001 Hollingsworth of the University announces a special program of Wisconsin on "The Model of academic year, the University will of grants-in-aid for the year celebrate its centennial with a Modern Biological Research 2001 in the History of the Cold special events, exhibits, and publi- Institution: A Century of The War Era. In addition to its other cations that have been developed Rockefeller" and Robert Olby of grants, the Center will award by a planning committee repre- the University of Pittsburgh on grants of up to $2,500 for resi- "Rockefeller University and the dents of the U.S. and Canada, senting all areas of the University. Centennial projects include a Molecular Revolution in Biology," and up to $3,000 for residents University video, public lectures and an evening symposium on of other nations, for travel to November 13, "At the Crossroads of the Center to conduct research and scientific symposia organized Science: The Future of Research at in its collections in this field. around the research areas of the 68th Street Corner," which will the University, and a series of Scholarly researchers may feature Antonio Gotto, dean of the newsletters describing current apply; students preparing doc- research. A calendar of events is Weill Medical College of Cornell toral dissertations are particu- available from the Public Affairs University, Arnold J. Levine, presi- larly urged to consider this pro- Office and on the University dent of the Rockefeller University, gram. Prospective applicants website. Herbert Pardes, president of the should contact one of the Additional centennial events New York-Presbyterian Hospital, and Center's archivists prior to and exhibits explore the Harold Varmus, president of applying in order to identify University's history. On October Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer (continued on page 15) 20, 2000, the American Chemical (continued on page 14) Director's Comment Institutional History and Personal Biography CONTRACTING Productive research at the vidual applying for a grant probably 1901-2001 THE Rockefeller Archive Center can be will recite elements of biography, ROCKEFELLER accomplished not only on virtually which may include not only profes- UNIVERSITY every subject of historical sional accomplishments, but may importance over the last 125 refer to personal experiences. years, but on a great many individ- Not only is such information likely uals and institutions of importance to be unique historical data but, The Rockefeller Archive Center, in that era. Researchers should because grant applications often a division of The Rockefeller keep in mind that approximately occur in conjunction with turning University, was established in 67 million pages of documents points in institutional or individual 1974 to preserve and make avail- at the Rockefeller Archive Center development, the information able to researchers the records often hold substantial amounts of can be critical to understanding of the University, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Rockefeller information about key points in development and change. Brothers Fund, members of the institutional history or in personal The Center also holds the per- Rockefeller family, and other biography. sonal papers of nearly a hundred individuals and institutions Grant files open one of the individuals, mostly presidents associated with their endeavors. most important windows on and professors at The Rockefeller Since 1986, the Center has individuals and institutions An University or officers of the received the records of several applicant to a funding organiza- Rockefeller Foundation, that in non-Rockefeller philanthropies. tion, such as one of the founda- many cases document their involve- The Center's collections tions represented in the Center's ment in other institutions. Their document seminal developments collections, typically includes in service on boards of directors and and issues of the 20th century. the application both background other involvements often resulted Major subjects include African- information and a statement about American history, agriculture, in their collecting considerable the arts, education, international plans and goals. For an institution bodies of records for institutions relations and economic develop- that may mean a recapitulation of that no longer exist or, if they do ment, labor, medicine and public organizational history, an account- exist, may not have been careful health, nursing, philanthropy, ing of assets and expenditures, and conservers of their own history. politics, population, religion, an outline of what the funding is science, the social sciences, expected to accomplish. An indi- (continued on page 19) social welfare, and women's history. Scholars planning to conduct research at the Center should Rockefeller Archive Center Governing Council write to the Center's director, describing their project in Benjamin R. Shute, Jr. Robert E. Kohler specific terms An archivist will Council Chairman Professor, Department of History and Sociology Secretary of Science, University of Pennsylvania respond with a description of Rockefeller Brothers Fund the scope and contents of Ellen Condliffe Lagemann relevant materials. George Bond President, The Spencer Foundation The Archive Center is located Professor, Program in Applied Anthropology Alice Lustig and Anthropology and Education 25 miles north of New York City Executive Vice President and Chief Operating Teachers College, Columbia University Officer, The Rockefeller University in Pocantico Hills near Sleepy Craig Calhoun Hollow, New York. An informa- Bruce Mazlish President tion packet for researchers, Professor of History, Social Science Research Council Massachusetts Institute of Technology containing a map and listing Ellen F. Fitzpatrick Rockefeller Family Representative local lodging accommodations, Associate Professor of History is available upon request. Joyce L. Moock University of New Hampshire Associate Vice President Information about the Center's Edie Hedlin The Rockefeller Foundation holdings and programs is Director, Smithsonian Institution Archives Steven C. Wheatley available online at www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr Jules Hirsch Vice President Professor and Senior Lab Physician American Council of Learned Societies The Rockefeller University 2 The Rockefeller University Research Report Second Graders in the Archives: Using Primary Sources and the Web to Teach History By Terry Hongell & Patty Taverna, community to learn about its Archive Center to illustrate the Pocantico Hills School history, especially the life of such text. We now had a 40-page book, the Rockefeller Archive an important figure as John D. complete with timeline, map, T Center is just a few short Rockefeller. In preparation for our glossary, and family tree. Each child blocks from Pocantico Hills work with the children, we read received a copy to use during our School. The students and staff at about John Davison Rockefeller study. The creation of the book for Pocantico have been fortunate to and his family and visited Kykuit, the children was our first hurdle. use the facilities at the Archive the Rockefeller family estate, and During another visit to the Center for research on several the Rockefeller Archive Center. Center, Dr. Levold arranged for us occasions. In the spring of 2000 We then decided to focus the to examine many primary sources our second grade students began children's study on the life of and made copies of those we a study of the life of John Davison John D. Rockefeller, Sr. selected to use with the children. Rockefeller, Sr. (JDR). We were Ron Chernow's biography of We brought back to the classroom privileged, once again, to have JDR, Titan, and Rockefeller's many photographs, pieces of access to the wonderful materials autobiography, Random personal correspondence, receipts, at the Archive Center. Through Reminiscences, proved to be and political cartoons relating to our collaboration with archivist invaluable as sources of informa- JDR. The children knew that we Dr. Erwin Levold the students tion about JDR and insight into his were doing "research" and upon were able to examine first-hand character. Unfortunately, we were our return from the Center they all documents and artifacts relating unable to find a book about JDR wanted to know, "How was it?" to JDR. suitable for our young students. We talked at length with them Each year we study a topic in We did manage to find one copy about what we had seen and done depth with our second grade of an out-of-print book written for as "researchers." students. Our final goal is to middle school students, John D. In order to share the extraordi- create a student-centered web Rockefeller by Ellen Greenman nary collection of primary sources site. It provides the children with Coffey in the American Dream that we now had, we created a an authentic opportunity to share Series At this point we realized scrapbook and photo display for their knowledge and to teach that if this project were to be the children to investigate. Being others what they have learned. viable, we would have to create able to examine and analyze these In the past several years we have our own book. We were mindful historical documents helped make created Internet resources on of the enormous responsibility of JDR come alive for them. After Harriet Tubman, Charlotte's Web, creating something that accurately reading about JDR's careful and Vietnam. Our project for the reflected the complexity of JDR accounting from the age of 16, we 1999-2000 school year actually while also being appropriate for used copies of several pages from began in the summer of 1999. young readers. This was a challeng- Ledger A, his first account book, Our interest in the Rockefeller ing task. Without the help of the and created a mini ledger for each family as a topic of study was Rockefeller Archive Center it child to scrutinize. Some of the sparked by Pocantico Hills would not have been possible. We children actually used magnifying School's involvement in the Stone spent months reading, examining, glasses to read JDR's small but very Barns project, an effort to estab- critiquing and editing the massive precise penmanship. We created lish an education center about amounts of information we had blank ledgers for each child to farming and life in the Hudson gathered from the Archive Center use to keep track of his/her own Valley in a facility on David and other sources. We then careful- spending habits. Finally, the Rockefeller's property. We also ly adapted the text of the Coffey children used journals, as JDR did, strongly believed that it was book and used a photo journal for- to make notes and record their important for the children of this mat for our version. We were able ideas. With the development of to choose photographs from the these and many other lessons, 3 The Rockefeller University 1901 Research Report materials and document-based examine. She also gave each child man, business giant and influential tasks we felt we had passed our a dime, reminiscent of the way member of the Pocantico commu- next hurdle. her great great grandfather hand- nity. They were very proud of all Second graders are not the nor- ed out dimes. They were oh SO of their work, especially their mal clientele for the Rockefeller proud of their "Rockefeller dime." web site, which can be found at Archive Center, but again the Our visit to Kykuit was also by www2.lhric.org/pocantico/ Archive Center and Dr. Levold special arrangement. Historic rockefeller/jdr.htm. The creation were most generous and arranged Hudson Valley designed a tour of the web site was the culmina- a special visit. We believe our just for us that allowed the tion of our classroom study and children are the youngest to be children a glimpse into the home our last hurdle, but hopefully it treated to a tour of the Center. life of JDR in his later years. It was will serve as a beginning for oth- The huge portrait of JDR in the wonderful because once again ers wanting to learn about the life lobby captivated them. Dr. Levold the children got a better sense of of John Davison Rockefeller, Sr. had set out original maps, ledgers, what his life was like. Our visits The use of primary sources is receipts and various other to the Archive Center and Kykuit an important focus in education documents that he explained were exciting culminating today. We believe it is one of the and allowed the children to view. activities, another hurdle passed. most effective ways for children The children were thrilled to see The product of our study is an to learn about history, people and JDR's desk from 26 Broadway and extensive student-centered web events. We are committed to the his golf clubs. They wondered if site. It provided the opportunity concept that even the youngest these were the same clubs that for our second graders to of students can begin to learn he had used for his secret golf demonstrate and share what they how to examine records of the lessons to impress his wife Laura. had learned about John Davison past. In doing SO we feel they In the ladies' powder room, Rockefeller. The children used develop skills that will serve them the children noticed the elegant computer software to create an as learners for years to come. furnishings and the painting of illustrated time-line of JDR's life. We have watched our students Queen Victoria done in 1839, the They drew detailed pictures of become excited about history as same year JDR was born. (The artifacts that we had discussed they studied sources from the painting technique on the walls while we were learning about Rockefeller Archive Center. For inspired our choice of back- John. They generated questions example, one line in Ledger A ground for our JDR web site.) and answers relating to John's life referring to the cost of JDR's They were fascinated by the and then created a quiz, a cross- toothbrush generated a very lively storage facilities on the ground word puzzle and a word search. classroom conversation. We floor. The fact that there were They drew portraits of John to discussed and debated what a SO many documents relating to accompany the character sketches toothbrush looked like in 1855, the Rockefeller family was very they wrote about him. We also whether JDR used toothpaste, impressive to them. Finally, they used the pictures from the how much a toothbrush cost then were excited to have a peek at Rockefeller Archive Center and VS. now and where JDR might the rooms on the second floor other museums to create an have bought a toothbrush. where researchers from around on-line photo album. Several of Discussions like this are fueled the world work. We proudly the items from our book also by inspiring materials that entice pointed out the room where we appear on the web site, including students to read and think in had worked! a family tree, a map of the places a way that more traditional As part of our study, we also where John lived, and a glossary. materials often do not. We are enjoyed a visit from Mrs. Rachel Also included are pictures of the extremely grateful to the Gumina, granddaughter of Nelson JDR game boards that the children Rockefeller Archive Center and Rockefeller. She came to our class- created in art class. The children to Dr. Erwin Levold for enabling room and shared many wonderful learned an impressive amount us to provide a richer learning stories about her family and of information about JDR. More experience for our students her visits to Kykuit. She brought importantly, we feel they gained a through the use of their several of JDR's golf tees for us to sense of who he was as a family resources. 4 University Archival Notes Survey of Photo Collections Sparks Interest in H.T. Koshiba's Work he Rockefeller Archive 400,000 and 500,000 images and entered into a Microsoft Access T Center is currently negatives. Database. The database is used to conducting a survey of its The survey records two types producec individual collection photographic collections. The of information: description and reports, condition reports, inven- survey, begun in 1999, has two condition. Descriptive data tories, shelf lists, and a complete objectives: to improve access to includes the collection titles, survey report. these materials through updated series numbers, catalog numbers, Assessing the condition of the written collection guides, and to folder titles, subject notes, item photographic collections to initiate a long-term strategy for counts, format, and physical loca- develop a strategy for preserving the preservation of the collec- tion. Condition data is collected these materials is an integral part tions. At present over 84,000 in four ways: a count of damaged of the survey. The data collected items have been surveyed. It is materials, a comparative condition is used to evaluate current and estimated that the completed rating, action plan, and comments. future preservation needs and to survey will include between The collected information is create schedules for carrying out preservation- related tasks, such as negative duplication, rehous- ing, and mounting images. One of the highlights of the Rockefeller family photographs that have been surveyed is a col- lection of gelatin dry plate nega- tives and corresponding prints by the photographer H.T. Koshiba. Born in August 1873, Koshiba died in New York in 1966, and between 1904 and 1950 he worked for the Rockefeller family as a portrait photographer on numerous occasions. Little is known about how Koshiba was first commissioned by the Rockefellers or where he learned his craft. Correspondence from John D. Rockefeller, Jr. indicates that Koshiba had a studio on Fifth Avenue, as well as a summer stu- dio in Bar Harbor, Maine. He was a skilled photographer, adept at incorporating artistic rendering into his photographic portraiture. The accompanying group portrait, taken by Koshiba in September of 1913, shows (from left to right) John D. Rockefeller 3rd, Nelson, and Abby, children of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. The original 5 The Rockefeller University Archival Notes carbon print shows little deterio- Rockefeller to Become a "Great Floridian" ration and only minor surface abrasion. The print was generated Ormond Beach and The Casements from an 8 x10 gelatin dry plate negative. Examination of the neg- ative shows that the photographer exposed the plate, then coated the non-emulsion side of the glass negative with a fixative. He used this coated surface to draw the background elements of the image in a combination of charcoal and graphite. In this photograph the background elements seen behind the children - the drapery that obscures the flooring behind Abby's chair leg, the column, wainscoting, and landscape - have been drawn on the negative. This is somewhat akin to the The Casements, John D. Rockefeller's Ormond Beach, Florida, home, 1932. modern practice of using a paint- ed backdrop to frame the setting ohn D. Rockefeller will of a portrait photograph. The significant difference, however, is J 1912 for the Reverend Harwood become a "Great Floridian" Huntington and named for its large that the background is unique to in a ceremony to be held on hand-cut casement windows. the image. In the group portrait November 18, 2000, in Ormond Local legend maintains that when shown here, the background does Beach, his home during the Rockefeller learned he was paying not appear as a prop but as part winter months for several years. more than other guests at the of the picture. There is no This designation by the State Hotel Ormond, he went across the defining line or flattening of the of Florida will acknowledge street to purchase the Casements. Rockefeller's contributions to space directly behind Abby. The Upon purchasing the the history of Florida. Casements in October 1918, edges of background elements are softened, giving the impression As John D. Rockefeller grew Rockefeller began to expand on older, the harsh winters at his the core of the house and to devel- of being slightly out of focus, yet highlights carefully placed on homes in Ohio, New York, and op the gardens bordering the New Jersey began to affect him. Halifax River. Rockefeller arrived the column and the wainscoting In 1911, Rockefeller began to at the Casements in December give the perception of depth and dimension. spend winters golfing in Augusta, 1918, along with his niece, Fannie Although not all of Koshiba's Georgia. Periodically he would Evans, and several servants. visit his friend and co-founder of photographs at the Archive Center Although he used the Casements show this same amount of render- Standard Oil, Henry Flagler, who primarily as a winter residence, lived in Ormond Beach, Florida, Rockefeller was an active member ing of the background, all show a keen awareness of detail in a town that was recommended of the Ormond Beach community. to Rockefeller as the "finest in composition and a high level of He attended the Ormond Village competence in the manipulation which to live." During these visits Improvement Association's annual of photographic technology. Rockefeller stayed at the Hotel street fairs, where he sang with Research on Koshiba, his technical Ormond, where he and his residents and passed out dimes to training, and his work for the entourage occupied an entire children. According to one resi- floor. The hotel was located on Rockefeller family is continuing. dent, Rockefeller would appear in the Halifax River on Granada a long coat, with a white silk scarf Larissa Woo Boulevard. Across the street sat and top hat. He also golfed, rode Project Archivist the Casements, a home built in through the countryside in his 6 The Rockefeller University Archival Notes chauffeured car, and attended folk art and the largest display of corporation that aims to enhance Sunday night concerts at the Boy Scout memorabilia in the community life by preserving Hotel Ormond. Rockefeller also southeast, which may still be seen and protecting important local entertained at the Casements, on the third floor of the home. historical, cultural, and natural hosting Will Rogers, Henry Ford, Assisting the city in the opera- resources, are working to identify and Harvey Firestone, among tion of the Casements is a and preserve remaining historic others. The highlights of volunteer organization, the sites within the city limits. Rockefeller's time in Ormond Casements Guild, which was The city plans to highlight the Beach were the Christmas parties organized in 1979 to support Casement's association with the that he held at the Casements. and promote the welfare of the Rockefeller family in an effort to After Rockefeller's death in Casements. Guild members raise awareness of the property 1937, the house was put up for provide guided tours of the and the city of Ormond Beach. sale. It was purchased in 1941 by Casements, operate the Case- Through a newly established rela- Maude Van Woy for use as a girls' ments Gift Shoppe, and hold an tionship with the Rockefeller preparatory school. She oversaw annual spring fund-raiser. In the Archive Center, Michael Sanden, changes to the house, including tradition of Rockefeller's annual Cultural Center Coordinator at the addition of a dormitory on Christmas party, the Guild the Casements, hopes to learn the south side of the property. sponsors a Christmas walk in more about Rockefeller's time at After the school closed in 1951, early November. While the City the Casements and his influence the property was sold to the of Ormond Beach owns and main- on the City of Ormond Beach. Mr. Fellowship Foundation, Inc. to tains the Casements, the Guild Sanden has been a central force be used as a home for the elderly. enriches the building with arti- in efforts to renew the Rocke- In 1959, the property was sold to facts and enhancements in keep- feller presence in Ormond Beach the Ormond Hotel Corporation, ing with its history and tradition. and to designate Rockefeller as a whose development plans for the Rockefeller's presence at the "Great Floridian." Casements were never realized. Casements has been reduced to John LeGloabec The home sat empty for many one room, the Rockefeller Room, Archivist years, a victim of two fires, hurri- located on the west side of the canes, and extensive vandalism. house on the second floor. The The Rockefellers The Casements was placed on room has been restored to the the National Register of Historic period in which Rockefeller lived on PBS Places in 1972, and the next year in the house. Seven items in the was purchased by the City of room have been authenticated as "The Rockefellers," a two-part Ormond Beach for $500,000. being present during Rockefeller's documentary on the Rockefeller family, will be In 1976, the City received a feder- residency: a desk, two sideboards, al public works grant of $449,000 broadcast this fall as part of a pie crust table, a gilt mirror, to assist in restoring the home. and two sets of china. In addition, The American Experience series on the Public After renovations to the site, the the Rockefeller Archive Center Casements was opened to the provided the Casements with Broadcasting System. The Rockefeller Archive Center public on October 1, 1979. several photographs for display in this room. provided 295 images for the A city-owned property, the Casements now functions as a 31/2 hour production and In recent years, the City of cultural and civic center, sponsor- copied footage from 31 films. Ormond Beach has begun to ing a variety of events. The address the preservation of its The two segments of "The Rockefellers" are scheduled for programs include classes in visual historic properties. The Hotel broadcast on October 16 and and literary arts, lectures and Ormond already has been lost: October 23. An extensive workshops, and exhibits by after years of neglect, the hotel web site about the program national artists, schools, and was demolished and replaced by special audiences. Installed short- and the family is available at a condominium development. ly after the Casement's reopening The city and the Ormond Beach www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/ rockefellers/index.html were exhibitions of Hungarian Historical Trust, a non-profit 7 University Collection News Additions to the Nelson A. Rockefeller Papers n additional 92.3 cu. ft. of Subseries 4, Polls, 1958-1970. A 4, Memos, 1959-1970. This sub- A Nelson A. Rockefeller's selection of polls and public opin- series contains memos Hinman papers have been donated ion surveys conducted primarily sent to NAR briefing him on his to the Rockefeller Archive Center in New York at NAR's request. political status, the activities of and are now open for research. Some polls are accompanied by political rivals, and strategies that These records deal with the analysis. could be implemented in future political career and gubernatorial campaigns. service of Nelson A. Rockefeller Subseries 5, Office of the (NAR). Located in two different Governor, 1958-1970. Subject Series P, Ann C. Whitman, Politics, record groups, the following six files primarily covering the first 1958-1973, 10.0 cu. ft. records series are now available two administrations (1959-1966). This series contains a portion of to researchers: Few files offer complete docu- NAR's political correspondence mentation of a particular issue. on state and national issues as Record Group 4, Nelson A. Series J.2, George L Hinman Files, maintained by Whitman, his Rockefeller - Personal 1959-1970, 38.0 cu. ft. executive secretary. Series J.1, Politics, 1935-1970, Divided into five subseries, this Record Group 15, Nelson A. 37.0 cu. ft. material offers partial documenta- Rockefeller - Gubernatorial tion of Hinman's role as one of This series contains material NAR's chief political strategists Series 10.2, Counsel, S. Neil pertaining to NAR's long standing and Republican National Corbin, 1958-1965, 1.8 cu. ft. as a politician, statesman, and Committeeman from New York. This subseries contains a small public servant. Much of the material is related to his tenure as Of particular interest is Subseries portion of the files of Sol Neil governor of New York. The series is divided into five subseries: Subseries 1, Politics, General, 1935-1970. Offers partial docu- mentation of NAR's evolution as a political force in New York and the nation. Subseries 2, National Political Campaigns, 1956-1968. Offers limited perspective on the dynam- ics of NAR's three presidential campaigns (1960, 1964, and 1968) and documents his involvement in President Eisenhower's 1956 campaign. Subseries 3, New York State Gubernatorial Campaigns, 1958-1970. Partial documenta- tion of NAR's four gubernatorial campaigns (1958, 1962, 1966, and New York State Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller waves to his constituents as 1970). Most of the material be and fellow honorary parade chairman Richard J. Hughes, governor of pertains to the 1958 campaign. New Jersey, are driven along Fifth Avenue during the Steuben Day parade, September 17, 1966. 8 The Rockefeller University 1901 Collection News Corbin, who served as Assistant "Commissioner's statement," Series 38, New York Republican Counsel (January 14, 1959-June 1, the status of major programs, State Fund Raising Reports, 1961) and then Counsel (July 1, emergency situations and other 1967-1973, 1.0 cu. ft. 1962- September 1, 1965) to unusual developments, and brief This series consists of copies of Governor Nelson A. Rockefeller. summaries of recent research, the financial reports that New The principal topics are housing publications, and management York Republican fund raising and urban renewal. Major issues improvement plans. Many of the committees filed with the New include the creation of the New reports include charts, tables, York State Secretary of State in York State Housing Finance other graphics, and appendices of accordance with New York State Agency (folders 7-8), and the departmental publications. NAR's election laws at the time. There consolidation, clarification and hand written comments are found are ten reports from the New York simplification of urban renewal on a few of these reports. The Republican State Dinner and housing laws (folders 19-20). reports begin with the first Committee and nineteen reports quarter of 1963. Most agencies from the Governor's Club. The Series 28, Departmental Reports, reported through the first quarter reports consist of "Schedule A," 1960-1973, 4.5 cu. ft. of 1966. Further information on receipts, and "Schedule B," dis- This series consists of periodic the guidelines for these reports bursements. Schedule A is an reports prepared by New York can be found in folder 102, itemized list of contributions that State departments and agencies "Reporting Format." includes the name and address for NAR. The reports are of four of each contributor and the date different types, from four different Agency Appraisal Reports, and amount of the contribution. periods representing each of 1970. These reports represent a Contributions are listed in the NAR's four administrations self-analysis by each agency In general the reports offer an defining the agency's purpose, order in which they were the status of its current programs, received; thus, finding a particular assessment of each department's responsibilities, goals, perfor- and its future plans and needs. name is time consuming. Schedule B is a short list of mance, problems, and needs. Monthly Reports, 1971-1973. expenses and contributions. The reports are arranged Actually issued every four weeks, With three exceptions all the alphabetically by department, these reports are short narratives contributions from both organiza- chronologically thereunder. written in memo form by each tions were to the New York Each of the four different report agency head. The average length Republican State Committee. types is found for most, but not is three pages, with no graphics However, the Dinner Committee all, of the departments. The four and few appendices. The focus made contributions to the types of reports are as follows: is on immediate issues and New York Republican County Program Meeting Report, activities. Up to a dozen reports Committee in 1968, to the United 1960. These were the result of were sent to NAR at a time with Service Organization in 1969, and meetings by representatives of a one-page summary covering all to Friends of the Rockefeller Team each department with the the reports. These summaries in 1971. Other than a covering Secretary to the Governor and are filed separately in folders letter these reports contain no the Counsel to the Governor. 105-107, "Forwarding Memos and correspondence, charter, or pro- The purpose of the meeting was Summaries." Many of the sum- motional literature or any other to identify the major issues each maries bear NAR's hand written evidence of the nature of these department would face in the comments. These reports begin organizations or who ran them. coming year and to define any leg- in March 1971 and the last ones Members of the Rockefeller family islative and budgetary support are dated late November or early are found among the contributors necessary to meet the issues. December 1973, just before NAR's in each of these reports. Since resignation on December 18. Quarterly Reports, 1963-1966. these are copies of reports filed with the state, this information is The reports include a one-page considered public. Harold W. Oakhill Archivist 9 The Rocketeller University 1901 Collection News Fritz Lipmann, Nobel Laureate and RU Scientist T he papers of Fritz/ with Vincent du Vigneaud at the In 1953 in recognition of his Lipmann (1899-1986), a Cornell Medical School. He was work on Coenzyme A, Lipmann collection in the Rockefeller later affiliated with both was awarded the Nobel Prize in University Archives, have recently Massachusetts General Hospital Physiology or Medicine (together been processed and are available and the Harvard Medical School. with Hans Krebs). Lipmann came for research. The Lipmann The latter appointed him to the Rockefeller Institute for Collection (Record Group 450 professor of biological chemistry Medical Research in 1957 and L667) consists of 56.3 cubic feet in 1949. In a review article, worked with charged tRNA and of material and spans the years "Metabolic Generation and the also conducted research in the 1924 through 1986. It includes Utilization of Phosphate Bond field of elongation factors in Lipmann's correspondence, labo- ribosomal protein synthesis. ratory files, manuscripts, Nobel EFTs and EFTU were discovered Prize files, and photographs. during his years at RU. A finding aid is available for Lipmann was a member of researchers, a copy of which is numerous scientific organizations, available at the Rockefeller including the National Academy Archive Center's website. of Sciences, the Royal Danish Additional Lipmann material can Academy of Sciences, and the be found in other record groups Royal Society in London. In 1966 of the Rockefeller University President Lyndon Johnson Archives as well as in the archives presented Lipmann with the of the Rockefeller Foundation. National Medal of Science, the Born in Koenigsberg, Germany nation's highest award for (now Kaliningrad, Russia) on June scientific achievement. Lipmann 12, 1899, Fritz Albert Lipmann was also the recipient of earned an M.D. in 1924 and Ph.D. numerous other awards and in 1927 in chemistry from the medals. In 1974, on the occasion University of Berlin. Forsaking of his 75th birthday, Lipmann's a medical career for one in colleagues and former students research, he joined Otto honored him with a symposium Meyerhof's group at the Kaiser Fritz Lipmann in 1973 at the Max-Planck-Institut in Wilhelm Institute first in Dahlem Energy" published in Advances in Berlin, where an annual Fritz and then in Heidelberg. In 1930, Enzymology (1941), Lipmann Lipmann Lecture was subse- Lipmann continued his work in proposed the concept of a quently established. biochemistry with Albert Fischer, metabolic dynamo by which Up until his death in 1986, whom he later followed to energy-rich phosphate bonds Fritz Lipmann continued to teach, the Biological Institute of the continuously supply the energy research and publish. His later Carlsberg Foundation in needed for the work of building research was focused on the Copenhagen, Denmark. In 1931 and repairing cells. Lipmann mechanism of protein synthesis. 1932, Lipmann was a Rockefeller isolated Coenzyme A in 1945 and Dr. Lipmann's scientific achieve- Foundation Fellow with P.A.T. identified it as a key substance in ments have been credited with Levene's laboratory at the the biosynthesis of a great variety greatly increasing our understand- Rockefeller Institute for Medical of cell constituents, including ing of the energy dynamics of Research (now the Rockefeller fatty acids, steroids, amino acids, living cells on the molecular level. University). hemoglobin and others. He found Fritz Lipmann immigrated to that it contained one of the B Lee R. Hiltzik the United States in 1939 to work vitamins, pantothenic acid. University Archivist 10 Rockefeller University Collection News Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Ledger newly processed ledger of Modern Art and served on the National American Women's A labeled "Contributions and several committees of its Board of Suffrage Association; the Vassar Donations" has been added Trustees, generously contributing Club; the Greek War Relief to the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller her administrative talents as well Association; the Committee to Papers. The collection, arranged as her personal collection of Defend America by Aiding the in seven series, documents the modern art. Allies; the Women's Trade Union life and philanthropic activities Entries in the ledger are League; Bellevue Hospital; Henry of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller handwritten or typed on ruled Street Settlement; the Netherland (1874-1948), the wife of John D. paper and record contributions to American Foundation; the Soldiers Rockefeller, Jr. These papers both institutions and individuals and Sailors Club; Daughters of include extensive personal and from 1936 to 1948. The docu- the American Revolution; Gifts for professional correspondence that ment is located in Series IV, Guam; and the Gramercy Boys reveal the range of her philan- Philanthropy Files, of the Abby Club, among many others. Also thropic activities. Aldrich Rockefeller Papers, which included in the ledger are dona- Abby Aldrich Rockefeller held a constitute a series within Record tions to individuals as well as gifts number of positions in voluntary Group 2 in the Rockefeller Family to members of the Rockefeller organizations, serving as the head Archives. Ledger entries illustrate family. In keeping with Archive of Auxiliary 356 of the American her wide range of charitable con- Center policy, information in the Red Cross and as chairman of the cerns, which included Riverside ledger about living members of Housing Committee of the War Church; the Children's Village at the Rockefeller family is closed to Work Council of the National Dobbs Ferry, New York; Colonial research. Board of the Young Women's Williamsburg; the New York Plant Mindy Gordon Christian Association (YWCA). and Flower Guild; the Police Archivist She was a founder of the Museum Athletic League of New York City; Rockefeller Foundation Project Files for Italy on Microfilm The files in the Rockefeller Foundation Archives, Record Group 1.1, Series 751, document- ing the foundation's projects in Italy, 1912-1962, have been micro- filmed. The seven reels of film are available for use at the Archive Center and on interlibrary loan. Italy was the focus of the founda- tion's anti-malaria program, 1924- 1938, which is documented in the files, as are grants for projects in the medical sciences, nursing, the natural sciences and agriculture, schools of hygiene and public health, the social sciences, the Abby Aldrich Rockefeller holds the hammer that she used to drive a bolt Vatican Library, and the library at during construction of the "Albatross" in Portland, Maine, in mid August 1918. the International Institute of Photograph by Underwood & Underwood, New York City. Agriculture. 11 The Rockefeller University 1901 Collection News Jackson Davis' GEB Diaries on Microfilm Rockefeller philanthropies but also documents other aspects of his he eleven volumes of offi- T academics, school officials, and career, such as his work as chair- cer's diaries (1937-1947) local leaders. An index facilitates man of the Commission on maintained by Jackson access to each volume of the Training Camp Activities during Davis as part of his duties for the diaries. World War I, his experience at the General Education Board (General Additional material on Davis' Paris peace conference, and his Education Board Archives, Series career is located in the archives work for the League of Nations. 12) have been microfilmed and of the General Education Board A set of the microfilm is available are available for use at the and in a small (40 item) collection for use at the Rockefeller Archive Rockefeller Archive Center and on of Jackson Davis Papers at the Center and on interlibrary loan. interlibrary loan. A set of the Archive Center. Lucille P. Markey Charitable Trust Records on Microfilm he records of the Lucille P. T Markey Charitable Trust, 1981-(1983-1996)-1998, were accessioned by the Rockefeller Archive Center in 1997 and have been completely processed and microfilmed according to preser- vation standards. The entire collection, originally 84 cubic feet, has been converted onto 155 reels Jackson Davis (third from the left) and Raymond B. Fosdick (far right) on a of 100 ft., 35mm polyester micro- tour of the South with other officers of the Generai Education Board, includ film. Three generations of film ing John D. Rockefeller 3rd (center), in 1939. Gift of John Marshall. have been produced: the Master Negative, which is stored off-site; microfilm also is available for use the Print Master, stored in a secure at the Special Collections Raymond B. Fosdick Department at the University of Correspondence on location at the Archive Center; and, a Service Copy, which will be Virginia Library. Davis (1882- Microfilm available for research use. 1947), a Virginia native, joined the Preservation microfilm offers the GEB in 1915 and for the next thir- joint project between the ty years worked on its education- A Seeley G. Mudd Manuscript benefits of providing extended al programs for both blacks and Library at Princeton longevity beyond the lifetime of whites in the segregated South. University and the Rockefeller paper; facilitates copy production Archive Center has preserved on using a reader/printer or redupli- He also was a trustee of the microfilm the Mudd Library's col- cation of a reel; and preservation Phelps-Stokes Fund and became an influential voice in matters lection of the Raymond B. Fosdick of the original reel in a monitored environment. pertaining to Southern education Papers, 1910-1971 (11.75 cu. ft.). and race relations. He was an Fosdick (1883-1972) was an The Lucille P. Markey Charitable early advocate of the develop- advisor to John D. Rockefeller, Jr. Trust, established as a limited term trust in the will of Lucille P. ment of regional centers of edu- and a trustee of many and cation in the South. The diaries president of several Rockefeller Markey in 1975, began operation philanthropies, including the in 1983 and terminated in 1997. contain his notes during trips Rockefeller Foundation (1936- Lucille P. Markey, née Lucille throughout the South to visit vari- 1948). The collection reflects not Parker, was born December 14, ous schools and his notes follow- only his work for Rockefeller and 1896, the youngest of seven ing meetings with a wide range of children and the daughter of a 12 Collection News tobacco farmer who fought for the to research centers and programs Trust Administrator and Confederacy in the Civil War. In conducting advanced research, the Trustees; and Scrapbook, 1918, she married Warren Wright, and General Organizational Grants Photographs and Miscellany, with who inherited the Calumet Baking toward the training and education newspaper clippings pertaining to Powder Company, as well as a horse of Ph.D.'s and M.D.'s pursuing the milestones of the Trust's life- farm near Lexington, Kentucky. The careers in biomedical research. time as well as photographs taken Wrights built this small inheritance The collection is organized into at the Annual Scholars into one of the most successful six series: Scholars and Visiting Conferences. The subseries thoroughbred horse breeding and Fellows, documenting individual "Miscellany" also contains photo- racing stables, Calumet Farm. awardees and applicants, the notes graphs of the Markeys and articles Calumet Farm produced eight of the Selection Committee and about Calumet Farm. Material in Kentucky Derby winners and three Scholars' Annual Conference the collection that has not been Triple Crown winners, including abstracts; Institutional Grants and filmed includes books and video- Citation in 1948, horse racing's first Proposals, including all institution- tapes that resulted from grant- thoroughbred millionaire. In 1952, al and organizational applications sponsored research. These items Lucille Wright married Admiral for grant support; Governance, are available in the Archive Gene Markey and continued to pur- including Minutes of the Center's library. sue her passion in horse breeding Committees, records of the Although the collection will not and horse racing. The bulk of Mrs. Chairman, Board of Trustees, the be open until 2007, limited access Markey's estate, however, derived Director for Medical Sciences, may be granted by the Director of from a large interest in oil and gas and Annual Reports; Program the Archive Center prior to the leases in Texas inherited from her Development, chronicling the material becoming available for first husband, Warren Wright. conception of the grant awarding research. Mrs. Markey's charitable structure; Correspondence, includ- Mindy Gordon devotion during her lifetime began ing letters and memoranda of the Archivist locally with generous support of Kentucky's Blue Grass Boy's Ranch, and significantly, the estab- lishment of a Cancer Center at the University of Kentucky. She also ealth is not just luck! supported research on arthritis at Rockefeller University. This chari- table legacy continued after her death through the trust estab- lished in her name. In an effort to ensure that the distribution of her assets were monitored by those who understood the nature of her interests, Mrs. Markey designated that her fortune be dedicated to "human health," an idea which took shape as support for "basic medical research." The Trust distributed over $500 million in three broad categories: Individual During the 1940s the Rockefeller Foundation, its International Health Grants, which consisted of scholar- Division, and the General Education Board provided funding to the State ships and fellowships to younger Departments of Health and Education in Mississippi to establish a public researchers; and two types of health education and school health program. In these photographs from 1947, Institutional Grants, including students at the Dentville school learn the steps to good health (left) and a Research Program Grants, awarded student in an unidentified school takes an eye examination. 13 The Rockefeller University 1901 Collection News W.G. Van Schmus and Radio City Music Hall The Rockefeller University Turns 100 Years Old M argaret Teel of Blue Hill, Schmus died in January 1942, (continued from page 1) Maine, recently donated to Martin Quigley, the publisher of Center. Conference proceedings the Rockefeller Archive several theatrical papers, wrote will be published by The Center an album of press clippings that "the history of the industry Rockefeller University Press. about W.G. Van Schmus, the manag- discloses the name of no person Contact the Rockefeller Archive ing director of Radio City Music who more quickly and thoroughly Center for further details. Hall, 1934-1942, the glamorous established for himself and Two exhibits on campus theater at Rockefeller Center. Also during the Centennial year inter- included in the gift were six photo- pret the history of the University graphs of John D. Rockefeller, Jr. and the life of its founder, John and the Rockettes. D. Rockefeller. Breaking New William George Van Schmus Ground, on display in the Abby (1875-1942) had no experience in Aldrich Rockefeller Hall, show- the theatrical business in 1934 cases photographs from the when he took on the job at the Rockefeller University Archives. Radio City Music Hall, which was These images date from the billed as the "Show Place of the Institute's first quarter-century and Nation" and boasted of "the are organized around the themes world's largest stage." The of founding the Institute, clinical Chicago-area native had worked research, and laboratory research. in publishing, as a department This exhibit also can be viewed at store executive, as the manager the University's web site, of the George L. Dyer Advertising www.rockefeller.edu, with a Agency, and as a management narration by television talk show consultant who did some work for host Charlie Rose. the Rockefeller interests in the The exhibit John D. Rockefeller: early 1930s. The Music Hall was The Art of Getting and the Art of developed by the legendary Giving opens in the lobby of showman Samuel L. "Roxy" W.G. Van Schmus (left) and John D. Founder's Hall at the University on Rothafel, but Van Schmus became Rockefeller, Jr. with the Rockettes, September 21, 2000. This exhibit is the theater's manager after December 30 1937. derived from Rockefeller financial problems and Roxy's Rediscovered, which was curated poor health threw the operation his enterprise a reputation for by Rockefeller biographer Ron into turmoil. The album includes respect and admiration." Under Chernow and displayed at the clippings from industry publi- Van Schmus' direction, Quigley Museum of American Financial cations as well as the daily papers noted, Radio City Music Hall History in New York City in 1999. that record his efforts to stabilize "developed into an example of Both exhibits have been created in the theater's business, his meetings quiet, orderly and sensible opera- collaboration with the Rockefeller and press photo sessions with tion which set for itself a remark- Archive Center. The exhibit at the popular stars at the beginning of a able ideal of public service." University describes John D. movie's run at the theater, and the Additional material about Van Rockefeller's life, his accumulation programmatic changes in the the- Schmus and his work is located in of wealth through the Standard Oil later's operations during his tenure. the Rockefeller Family Archives, Trust, and his philanthropy. Objects Eliminating the usual breathless Record Group 2 Office of the on display include personal items hype from his theater's publicity, Messrs Rockefeller, Business that belonged to Rockefeller, such "Mr. Van" brought a new attitude to Interests series, which contains as a coin purse and golf scorekeep- theatrical management. When Van material on Rockefeller Center. ing books on loan from the Archive 14 The Rockefeller University 1901 Grant Programs Center, memorabilia from Standard written by its second director, donations, and a page from one Oil on loan from the Museum of Herbert Gasser, in 1946. It was of Rollin Hotchkiss's laboratory American Financial History, and composed at the request of John notebooks, which diagrams the a microscope that belonged to D. Rockefeller, Jr., then president steps in purifying the first system- Simon Flexner, the Rockefeller of the Board of Trustees, as the atically discovered antibiotic. Institute's first director, which Institute entered a period of self- In many ways, the history of belongs to the University's collec- examination and planning for the The Rockefeller University tion of scientific instruments. future. By mid-century many of the parallels the development of the To commemorate the centen- Institute's founding goals - biomedical sciences in the United nial and to introduce the Univer- expanding medical knowledge, States. The Rockefeller Institute sity's history and its work to a lay setting high research standards for was a model for many other audience, a book entitled others to follow, and training research institutions, and funds Achievements: A Century of young researchers - had been from Rockefeller philanthropies Science for the Benefit of achieved. David Rockefeller, who fueled the growth of the biomed- Humankind, 1901-2001, by succeeded his father as president ical sciences. Although financial Elizabeth Hanson, was published by of the board in 1950, oversaw the support for science and its scope The Rockefeller University Press in process that led to the transforma- and practice have changed over September 2000. The book details tion of the Institute into a Univer- the course of a century, the the founding of the institution and sity. This included consulting University remains dedicated to its growth up to the present day, dozens of the leading scientific its founding commitment to and discusses the many accomplish- administrators and educators of basic research. As records in the ments of scientists who have the day. Special permission was archives show, other, more worked there - twenty Nobel lau- obtained from David Rockefeller's mundane aspects of academic life reates among them. The narrative of office to review the transcripts also remain the same. A telegram this coffee-table book is augmented of the interviews with scientific from Rufus Cole, the first director by 120 richly reproduced pho- leaders undertaken at this time. of the Institute's hospital, reveals tographs from the Archive Center Records in the Rockefeller that bidding wars for star faculty and elsewhere. University Archives provide insight date from the beginning of the Achievements relies on many into world events as well as the century. The message reads: "Have archival sources - as background internal history of the institution. refused Ann Arbor will be glad to material, quoted material, and illus- In the papers of chemist Max accept Rockefeller place. trations - to tell the University's Bergmann, for example, one story. Documents written by Simon scientist's story during the 1930s Three Targeted Grant Flexner, the Institute's first director, intellectual migration comes to offer insight into his vision for orga- light. Bergmann had been forced Programs for 2001 nizing the Institute and guiding to "retire" from his directorship of (continued from page 1) its growth. In a 1902 letter, for the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in the extent of documentation example, Flexner first outlined the Dresden. Correspondence in the related to their topics. unique structure of the Rockefeller archives shows how Simon Applications are invited for Institute as a group of laboratories Flexner and others at the Institute research on the background of headed by independent investiga- facilitated Bergmann's emigration the Cold War, the development of tors and undivided by disciplinary to the United States and his Cold War policy and strategy, boundaries. In another document, appointment as a member of the and the cultural and intellectual written twenty-five years later, Institute in 1934. context of the Cold War, as he reflected on the Institute's One of the letters pertaining documented in the records successes, the growth of medical to Bergmann's emigration is repro- maintained at the Archive Center. science since its founding, and duced in the Centennial book. Relevant collections include its role in setting high standards for Other documents used as illustra- the archives of the Rockefeller medical research. tions include pages from John D. Foundation, the Population Another assessment of the Rockefeller's "Ledger A," in which Institute's accomplishments was he recorded his early charitable (continued on next page) 15 The Rockefeller University Grant Programs Council, the Social Science and Karl Landsteiner), photo- basic medical research. The field Research Council, and the graphs, and films. will be defined broadly to Rockefeller Brothers Fund, The archives document the include most aspects of the histo- especially the files of the Fund's leading currents of biomedical ry of The Rockefeller University; Special Studies Project. The research in the 20th century, and much of the history of the archives of the Rockefeller family include significant materials on international medical, public are also pertinent, including such topics as the design and use health, and scientific research especially the papers of Nelson A. of scientific instruments, pharma- programs of the Rockefeller Rockefeller, the papers of John D. cology, the development of scien- Foundation; and major elements Rockefeller 3rd, and the records tific and educational institutions of the histories of the Common- of the Office of the Messrs in the U.S., and many aspects of wealth Fund, Charles E. Culpeper Rockefeller, which document the social history of New York Foundation, Lucille P. Markey the philanthropy of John D. City. Trust, and John and Mary R. Rockefeller, Jr. Records in the Rockefeller Markle Foundation. Certain Potential subjects include, but University archives are in many segments of the Rockefeller are not limited to, the funding of cases closely related to other family archives also document communications studies; promo- archival collections at the Archive the history of basic medical tion of studies of the strategic Center, such as the archives of research, such as the founding position of the United States at the Rockefeller Foundation, the and support of research the mid-twentieth century; the Rockefeller family, and the institutions. As a group, the development of the Foreign Policy Commonwealth Fund. It is antici- archives of these institutions Association; a variety of specific pated that although applications constitute one of the outstanding grants made in the post-World War for these special grants-in-aid will resources for the study of the II period for studies of American focus on the University archives, history of basic medical research foreign policy and civil society; the they will in many cases propose in the 20th century. end of colonialism; and Nelson research that also draws on these Scholars conducting substan- Rockefeller's and John D. Rocke- other collections. tial research in any aspect of the feller 3rd's governmental and This program will award two history of basic medical research personal activities in Latin America (2) one-month residencies at the are urged to apply. Prospective and Asia. Center with stipends of $5,000. researchers may apply for resi- History of The Rockefeller Applications will also be received dencies of one month, one University for special grants-in-aid (outside semester, or an academic year. of the Center's regular grant-in-aid Stipends at the rate of $5,000 per The Rockefeller Archive Center has program) to support research of month will be awarded to cover extended for a year its program shorter duration. For these, all travel, food and lodging, and of grants to support research in applicants from within the U.S. research expenses associated the history of The Rockefeller and Canada may request support with the residency. University. Founded in 1901 as the of up to $2,500; because of Applications will be reviewed Rockefeller Institute for Medical the additional cost of travel, in a competitive process. Research, the University's laborato- applicants from other nations may Applicants will be asked to com- ries have focused on developing request up to $3,000. plete a special form (available fundamental knowledge of disease and physiology. The Rockefeller Residencies in the History of from the Center), to describe the University archives include admin- Basic Medical Research research to be undertaken, and to submit three letters of reference. istrative records (including the The Archive Center also invites Prospective applicants are urged papers of Herbert Gasser and applications for the third year of to contact the Center to deter- Detlev Bronk), papers of individual its five-year program of residen- mine the type and extent of scientists (such as Alfred E. Cohn, cies for research at the Center on records that will be useful for Rene Dubos, Rebecca Lancefield, topics related to the history of their research. 16 The Rockefeller University 1901 Grant Programs Grant-in-Aid Grants to Support targeted grant programs have awarded grants to two scholars for Program for 2001 Ehrlich Research research in the history of interna- tional relations and economic the Rockefeller Archive (he Rockefeller Archive Center T Center's annual Grant-in-Aid T is pleased to announce that a development, to three scholars Program offers support to generous gift has made avail- for research in the history of The scholars in any discipline who are able funds to support short-term Rockefeller University, and to four engaged in research that requires research in the Paul Ehrlich scholars for residencies to study the extensive use of the archival Collection. The Ehrlich Collection is history of basic medical research. collections housed at the Center. the largest and most important body All recipients, their institutions and Thirty-seven scholars from of original and facsimile materials research topics follow. around the world received fund- documenting the life and scientific- General Grants, 2000 ing from this program in 2000. medical research program of Nobel Thomas Andrews Scholars from within the United Laureate Paul Ehrlich (1854-1915). Ph.D. Candidate. States and Canada may apply for Certain documents are available in Department of History, grants of up to $2,500; because English translations. University of Wisconsin, Madison. of the additional cost of travel, Prospective applicants are urged "The Road to Ludlow: Work, Environment, scholars from other nations may to contact the director of the and the Industrialization of Southern request up to $3,000. Archive Center with an initial Colorado, 1870-1915." Applications for this competitive description of the applicant's Judith Arcana program must include a budget research, SO that Archive Center staff Core Faculty. School of Interdisciplinary that details estimated expenses can help determine the extent of Arts & Sciences of The Graduate College for travel, temporary lodging, related materials. of the Union Institute, Portland, Oregon. meals, and research. The deadline Applicants will use the forms, "Abortion and Related Subjects in Terms for applications for grants is adhere to funding limits, and of Medical Practice and Regulation, Law November 30, 2000 and the grant follow the procedures of the and Policy, Realization and Manifestation, Community and Family Health, etc." recipients will be announced in Center's general grant-in-aid March 2001. program. However, applications may Cornelius Borck Inquiries about the Center's be made at any time and, Postdoctoral Fellow. Max-Planck-Institut grant programs and requests for if judged worthy, awards will be for the History of Science, applications should be addressed Berlin, Germany. made within a month of the receipt "The Emergence of the Electric Brain" to Darwin H. Stapleton, Director, of applications. Contact Darwin H. and "History of Neuroscience in Germany, Rockefeller Archive Center, Stapleton, Director, Rockefeller 1930-1950." 15 Dayton Avenue, Sleepy Hollow, Archive Center, 15 Dayton Avenue, Henriette Buus New York 10591-1598; Sleepy Hollow, NY 10591-1598; telephone (914) 631-4505; Telephone: (914) 631-4505; Research Fellow. Department of Archaeology and Ethnology, fax (914) 631-6017; e-mail Fax: (914) 631-6017; University of Copenhagen, Denmark. archive@mail.rockefeller.edu, E-mail: stapled@mail.rockefeller.edu. "The Health Visitor in the Welfare State." The grant application and guides to the Center's collections are Jamie Cohen-Cole accessible from the Center's 2000 Grant Ph.D. Candidate. Program in the History of Science, Princeton University. home page on the World Wide Web at Recipients "Thinking about Thinking in Cold War America." www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/ n March the Rockefeller Archive Applications must be submitted I Center announced that 37 Jennifer DeVoe scholars have received grants Ph.D. Candidate. Social History of by regular mail. under its general research grant Medicine, Nuffield College, Oxford University, England. program for 2000, and that its "Community Health Center Development in the U.S., Australia, and South Africa: A Comparative Study." 17 The Rockefeller University Grant Programs Zeljko Dugac John Kayser Catha Paquette Research Assistant. Division for the Associate Professor. Graduate School of Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History History of Medicine, Institute for History Social Work, University of Denver. of Art and Architecture, and Philosophy of Science, Croatian "Exclusionary Practices in Social Work: University of California, Santa Barbara. Academy of Sciences and Art, Croatia. An Oral History Project." "U.S. Reception of Mexican Art, 1935- "Basis of Health Education in Croatia." 1954: New York's Museum of Modern Peter Kraemer Art." David Ekbladh Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, Indiana University. Biswamoy Pati Columbia University. "Germany Is Whose Problem? Associate Professor. Department of "Engineering the Asia-Pacific, American Efforts to Democratize History, Sri Venkateswara College, 1898-1970." Germany, 1943-1963." Delhi University, India. "Health Policies in Eastern India, 1930- Brian Finnegan Tong Lam Ph.D. Candidate and Fulbright Fellow. Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, 1960: Social and Institutional History." American Studies, University of Chicago. Rajeswari S. Raina George Washington University and "Investigating and Representing Scientist. Technological and Social Universidad Católica de Chile. "Society" in Modern China, 1890-1949." Change Group, National Institute of "Secular Pilgrimages': Academic Sarah Lawrence Science, Technology, and Development, Exchange in Business Education and the New Delhi. Ph.D. Candidate. Building of a Chilean Managerial Class Department of History, "Institutional and Organizational since 1955." The Pennsylvania State University. Change in Agricultural Research: The Rockefeller Foundation in India, Jay Garcia "On Their Own Terms: Birth Control 1950-1975." Ph.D. Candidate. American Studies Education Among African Americans Program, Yale University. in 1930s Rural Virginia." Edmund Ramsden "Psychological Expertise, Political Maria Mesner Ph.D. Candidate. Department of Culture and Race in the Mid-Twentieth Lecturer. Institute for Contemporary Political and Social Science, European Century United States." History, University of Vienna, Austria. University Institute, Florence, Italy. Courtney Gilbert "Asserting Control Over Reproduction: "Between Quality and Quantity: The Politics of "Science-Making' in Eugenics Ph.D. Candidate. Department of Art Discourses, Attitudes, and Policies History, University of Chicago. in Austria and the United States, and Demography in Britain and the United States, 1925-1965." "Visions of Indigenous Mexico: European 1920-1970." Surrealists and Their Mexican Heather Munro Prescott Jerome Segal Contemporaries." Postdoctoral Fellow. Max-Planck-Institut Associate Professor and Chair. Ruth Haug Department of History, Central for the History of Science, Research Scientist. Social Science Berlin, Germany. Connecticut State University. Research Center, "The Rockefeller Foundation and the "An Interdisciplinary Approach Mississippi State University. Social Construction of 'Normal' to the Concept of Complexity in the Post-World War II Era: Warren Weaver's "Impact of Rockefeller Support of Two Adolescence in 20th-Century America." Mississippi Institutions: Public Health Legacy." Eduardo L. Ortiz Administration and the Social Science Eve. P. Smith Senior Research Fellow. Imperial Research Center." Independent Scholar. College of Science, Technology and "Foundation Influence on K. Walter Hickel Medicine, London, United Kingdom. Historian. Digital Manuscripts Program, "Refugee Scientists and the Expansion New York City Child Welfare." History of Medicine Division, National of the International Scientific Network Sona Strbanova Library of Medicine. to Latin America." Associate Professor. Faculty of Science, "The Child Development Movement and Gabor Pallo Department of Philosophy and History the Politics of Disability, 1890-1945." Director of Research. The Institute of of Science, Charles University, Prague, Ana Maria Kapelusz-Poppi Philosophy of the Hungarian Academy Czech Republic. "Public Health Activities of the Ph.D. Candidate. of Sciences. Rockefeller Foundation in Department of History, "The Rockefeller Foundation Hungarian University of Illinois, Chicago. Project: Decision Making." Czechoslovakia, 1918-1948." "The Formation of a Public Health Discourse in Western Mexico, 1930-1960." 18 The Rockefeller University 1901 Grant Programs Sarah Thuesen Targeted Grants for Research in the Steffani Pfeiffer Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, History of International Relations and Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill. Economic Development, 2000 Rutgers University. "Fighting for the Child's Own Soul: The Eve Buckley "Science and Social Negotiation: Culture and Politics of Black Segregated Chinese Patients and the Culture of Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History Schools in the South, 1930-1954." & Sociology of Science, Biomedicine at Peking Union Medical Christian Topalov University of Pennsylvania. College, 1921-1951." Director of Studies, Ecole Des Hautes Études "From Crop Production to Food Emilio Quevedo En Sciences Sociales and Director of Consumption: Rockefeller Studies Associate Professor, Universidad Research, Centre National De La Recherche Agriculture, Nutrition and Population in National de Colombia, Bogota, and Scientifique, Paris, France. Colombia, 1948-1973." Director, Centro Historia de la Medicina "The Neighborhood of the Social Sciences." "Andres Soriano Leras." "The Rockefeller Karin Matchett Foundation and the Transition from Wendy Wall Ph.D. Candidate. Program in History Visiting Assistant Professor, Department of of Science and Technology, Hygiene to Public Health in Colombia, History, Duke University and Research 1919-1953." University of Minnesota. Associate, Institute on Race and Social "Scientific Agriculture Across Borders: Aya Takahashi Division, Boston University. Mexico/U.S. Collaboration in Corn Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, "The Idea of America': Nationalism, Breeding." Royal Holloway, University of London. Pluralism, and the Quest for Consensus "Rockefeller Intercession in Western from the New Deal through the Civil Rights Targeted Grants for Research in the Innovation and the Development of Movement." History of The Rockefeller University, Medicine in Japan, 1900-1940." 2000 Anahi Walton-Schafer Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, Samuel Haber Director's Comments State University of New York, Professor Emeritus. Stony Brook. Department of History, (continued from page 2) "Scholars between Paradigms University of California, Berkeley. Researchers should also be and Politics: Social Sciences, Modernization "The Composite Legitimation of aware that, because of the and Democracy in Argentina, 1955-1989." American Universities and the eminence, generosity, and broad Amy E. Wells Exclusion of Jews from Their Faculty, range of activities of the 1920-1945." Ph.D. Candidate. Educational Policy Studies Rockefeller family, many and Evaluation, College of Education, Abigail O'Sullivan individuals and institutions are University of Kentucky. Ph.D. Candidate. Oxford University, represented in the Rockefeller "From Ideas to Institutions: Southern United Kingdom. family papers. Appeals for fund- Scholars and Emerging Universities in the "Nobel Laureates in Medicine and ing, requests for advice, and South, 1920-1950." Physiology: Social Analysis of simple intersections of interest, Achievement." Carolyn Wilson frequently led to letters, memo- Ph.D. Candidate. Department of History, Robert Olby randa, and copies of documents Emory University. Research Professor. Department of accumulating in the family "The Search for Direction: African-American History & Philosophy of Science, archives. In certain subject Higher Education after Segregation, University of Pittsburgh. treas-African-American 1954-1975." "Hyden's Research into the education would be an example- Michael Worboys Biochemistry of Memory." one can find a range of contacts Director. Cultural Research Institute, Residency in the History of Basic that allows for a virtual survey of Sheffield, England. Medical Research, 2000 the subject area at certain points "The History of the Colonial Hospital: Sabine Brauckmann in time. Bombay Presidency, 1900-1950." Independent Research Scholar Likewise, the General Adriana Zavala and Research Associate. Correspondence (Record Group Ph.D. Candidate. History of Art, University of Munster, Germany. 2) of the Rockefeller Foundation Brown University. I. "The Involvement of Biology and provides a view of developments "Dressing and Undressing the Indigenous Medicine in the 20th Century Life far beyond the foundation's Fe/Male Body in Mexico: Fine Art, Popular Sciences." II. "Neurobiology, 1944-1954." Visual Culture and Performativity, ca. 1910- central activities. Any researcher III. "Bronk's Building Program." 1950." (continued on next page) 19 The Rockefeller University Recent Publications interested in the story of the Articles Gemelli, Giuliana. "Enciclopedie ed demise of colonialism in the Abir-Am, Pnina G. "The Rockefeller enciclopedisti d'oltre Oceano tra l'età 1950s and 1960s would do well to di Hoover e la guerra fredda." In Foundation and Refugee Biologists: consult those files, which Enciclopedie e Scienze Sociali nel XX European and American Careers of document the extensive contacts Leading RF Grantees from England, Secolo, edited by Giuliana Gemelli. of the foundation's officers in France, Germany, and Italy." Milan, Italy: FrancoAngeli, 1999, In The "Unacceptables": American pp. 135-186. Africa and south Asia, in particular. Finally, it is perhaps valuable to Foundations and Refugee Scholars Gemelli, Giuliana. "Introduction: relate one of my research between the Two Wars and after, ed. by Scholars in Adversity and Science Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter experiences in the records. Policies (1933-1945)." In The Lang, 2000, pp. 217-240. "Unacceptables": In the pursuit of the Rockefeller Foundations and Refugee Scholars Foundation's involvement in Dosso, Diane. "The Rescue of French anti-typhus and anti-malaria Scientists: Respective Roles of the between the Two Wars and after, ed. by Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter programs, 1940-1945, I have been Rockefeller Foundation and the continually impressed by the num- Biochemist Louis Rapkine (1904-1948)." Lang, 2000, pp. 13-34. In The "Unacceptables": American Gemelli, Giuliana. "Permanent ber and range of agencies that are Foundations and Refugee Scholars Connections: Paul Lazarsfeld, American in evidence in the records. In the between the Two Wars and after, ed. by Foundations and Europe (1930s- United States the foundation col- Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter 1960s)." In The "Unacceptables": laborated with the Departments Lang, 2000, pp. 195-215. American Foundations and Refugee of Agriculture, Army, Navy, and Scholars between the Two Wars and Dror, Otniel E. "The Affect of State; with wartime agencies such after, ed. by Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: Experiment: The Turn to Emotions in as the Office of Scientific Anglo-American Physiology, 1900- P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2000, pp. 241-271. Research and Development and 1940." Isis 90 (June 1999), pp. 205-237. Hall, Peter Dobkin. "The Work of Many the U.S.A. Typhus Commission; Fisher, Donald. "Harold Innis and the Hands:A Response to Stanley N. Katz several corporations that manufac- Canadian Social Science Research on the Origins of the 'Serious Study' of tured insecticides and equipment; Council: An Experiment in Boundary Philanthropy." Nonprofit and Voluntary and private organizations such as Work." In Harold Innis in the New Sector Quarterly 28: 4 (December the American Friends Service 1999), pp. 522-534. Century: Reflections and Refractions, Committee and the Red Cross. ed. by Charles R. Acland and William J. Hess,J.] and P.J. Schmidt. "The First Abroad in Mexico, North Africa Buxton. Montreal and Kingston: Blood Banker: Oswald Hope and Italy, the foundation's officers McGill-Queen's University Press, 1999, Robertson." Transfusion 40 (January worked with a branch of the pp. 135-158. 2000), pp. 110-113. Pasteur Institute, many local and Fleck, Christian. "Long-Term Hull, Terence H. "Roots of Primary national government units, the Consequences of Short-Term Health Care in Institutions in Allied Military Government, and Fellowships." In The "Unacceptables": Indonesia." In What We Know about the United Nations Relief and American Foundations and Refugee Health Transition: The Cultural, Social Reconstruction Administration. Scholars between the Two Wars and and Behavioural Determinants of Evidence from these collabora- after, ed. by Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: Health, ed. by John Caldwell, et al. tions might well be useful in P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2000, pp. 51-81. The Proceedings of an International reconstructing elements of their Workshop, Canberra, May 1989, Volume Franks, Angela. "The Connection II. Canberra: Health Transition Centre, histories. Between Birth Control and Eugenics: The Rockefeller Archive Center Archival Resources." The Mendel The Australian National University, is centrally an archive of the Newsletter, New Series No. 9 (January 1990, pp. 500-508. Rockefeller family and its philan- 2000), pp. 2-6. Kalling, Ken. "Eesti teadus Rockefelleri thropies; but this simple statement Gariepy, Thomas P. "John Farquhar fondi pilgu läbi" [Estonian sciences Fulton and the History of Science viewed from America] Ajalooline only hints at the richness of the documentation within Society." Isis 90 (1999), pp. S7-S27. Ajakiri, 105 (1999), pp. 103-121. these collections. Darwin H. Stapleton Director 20 The Rockefeller University Recent Publications Krohn, Claus-Dieter. "American Ortiz, Eduardo L."A Convergence of Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard. Foundations and Refugee Scholars Interests: Einstein's Visit to Argentina in "Rockefeller Support for between the Wars." In The 1925." Ibero- Amerikanisches Archiv, Mathematicians Fleeing from the Nazi "Unacceptables": American 21: 1-2 (1995), pp. 67-126. Purge." In The "Unacceptables": Foundations and Refugee Scholars Ortoll, Servando. "Daniel Cosío Villegas American Foundations and Refugee between the Two Wars and after, ed. by Scholars between the Two Wars and Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter y la Fundación Rockefeller," Claridades [Colima, Mexico], May 12, 2000, after, ed. by Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: Lang, 2000, pp. 35-50. pp. 21-22. P.I.E.-Peter Lang, 2000, pp. 83-106. Kotlowski, Dean. "Black Power-Nixon Silverstein, Arthur "Auf der Suche Ortoll, Servando. "Sin preámbulos." In Style: The Nixon Administration and nach dem Leitstern in Paul Ehrlichs Comala,: Memorias de un Encuentro, Minority Business Enterprise." Business edited by Servando Ortoll. Colima, Immunologie." [Looking for the History Review 72 (Autumn 1998), México: Instituto Colimense de Keynote in Paul Ehrlich's Immunology.] pp. 409-445. Cultura/Sericolor Diseñadores e Chemotherapie Journal 8: 2 (1999), LeGloahec, John. "The Politics of Art Impresores, 1994, pp. 1-12. pp. 65-68. Collecting: Nelson A. Rockefeller." Silverstein, Arthur M. "The End Is Near': Parmar, Inderjeet. "The Carnegie Museum Archivist 12:1 (February The Phenomenon of the Declaration Corporation and the Mobilisation of 1999), pp. 22-27. Opinion in the United States' Rise to of Closure in a Discipline." History of Lindee, M. Susan. "The Repatriation of Globalism, 1939-1945." Minerva 37 Science 37 (1999), pp. 409-425. Atomic Bomb Victim Body Parts to (1999), pp. 355-378. Stapleton, Darwin H. "The Short-Lived Japan: Natural Objects and Diplomacy." Miracle of DDT." Invention and Rodríguez Ocaña, Esteban, "La Osiris 13 (1998), pp. 376-409. Intervención de la Fundación Technology 15:3 (Winter 2000), Löwy, Ilana and Patrick Zylberman. Rockefeller en la Creación de la pp. 34-41. "Medicine as a Social Instrument: Sanidad Contemporánea en España." Tone, Andrea. "Black Market Birth Rockefeller Foundation, 1913-45." Revista Española de Salud Pública, 74 Control: Contraceptive Entrepreneur- Introduction to the Special Issue, (monographic issue), (2000), pp. 27-34; ship and Criminality in the Gilded Age." "The Rockefeller Foundation and the online at www.msc.es/revistas/resp/ Journal of American History 87 Biomedical Sciences." Studies in monographico/ocana.htm (September 2000), pp. 435-459. History and Philosophy of Biology Rodríguez Ocaña, Esteban, "Foreign Tosiello, Rosario J. "Max Ascoli: and Biomedical Sciences, 31C: Expertise, Political Pragmatism and A Lifetime of Rockefeller Connections." (2000), pp. 365-379. Professional Elite: The Rockefeller In The "Unacceptables": American Mesters, Han. "J.L. Hydrick in the Foundation in Spain, 1919-39." Studies Foundations and Refugee Scholars Netherlands Indies: An American View in History and Philosophy of Biology between the Two Wars and after, ed. by on Dutch Public Health Policy." In and Biomedical Science, 31:3 (2000), Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Health Care in Java: Past and Present, pp. 447-461. Lang, 2000, pp. 107-140. edited by Peter Boomgaard, Rosalia Rodríguez Ocaña, E., J. Bernabeu Weindling, Paul. "An Overloaded Ark? Sciortino and Ines Smyth. Leiden, The Mestre, and J.L. Barona. "La Fundación The Rockefeller Foundation and Netherlands: KITLV, 1996, pp. 51-62. Rockefeller y España, 1914-1939. Refugee Medical Scientists, 1933-45." Moffatt, Frederick C. "Re-Membering Un acuerdo para la modernización Studies in History and Philosophy of Adam: George Gray Barnard, the John científica y sanitaria" [The Rockefeller Biology and Biomedical Sciences, D. Rockefellers, and the Gender of Foundation and Spain, 1914-1939: 31C:3 (2000), pp. 477-489. Patronage." Winterthur Portfolio 35: 1 An agreement for scientific and sanitary Witkop, Bernhard. "Paul Ehrlich and His (2000), pp. 53-80. modernization]. In Estudios de Historia Magic Bullets-Revisited." Proceedings Murard, Lion and Patrick Zylberman. de las Técnicas, la Arqueología of the American Philosophical Society "Seeds for French Health Care: Did the Industrial y las Ciencias, edited by 143: 4 (December 1999), pp. 540-557. Rockefeller Foundation Plant the Seeds J.L. García Horucade, J. M. Moreno, and between the Two World Wars?" Studies G. Ruiz. Salamanca: Junta de Castilla y Woods, Lawrence T. "Canada and the León, 1998, vol. 2, pp. 531-539. Institute of Pacific Relations: Lessons in History and Philosophy of Biology from an Earlier Voyage." Canadian and Biomedical Sciences, 31C: 3 Rose, Kenneth W. "John D. Rockefeller's Foreign Policy 6: 2 (Winter 1999), (2000), pp. 463-475. Philanthropy and Problems in pp. 119-138. Nelson, Philip J."Community Dreaming Fundraising at Cleveland's Floating in the Rural Northwest: The Montana Bethel Mission and the Home for Aged Study, 1944-47." Great Plains Quarterly Colored People." Ohio History 108 19 (Fall 1999), pp. 257-275. (Summer-Autumn 1999), pp. 145-161. 21 Rockefeller University 1901 Recent Publications Zambelli, Paola. "Refugee Philosophers: Cooper, Jill E. 'Of Microbes and Men: Ikeda, Misako. "Sociopolitical Debates in 'An Emigré's Career': Koyré at the A Scientific Biography of Rene Jules Late Parliamentary Egypt, 1944-1952." New School for Social Research." Dubos." Ph.D. dissertation, Rutgers Ph.D. dissertation, Harvard University, In The "Unacceptables": American University, New Brunswick, 1998. 1998. Foundations and Refugee Scholars Daugherty, John. A Place Called Ingebrigtsen, Erik. "Ungarsk between the Two Wars and after, ed. by Jackson Hole: The Historic Resource Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Nasjonalisme og Amerikansk Filantropi: Study of Grand Teton National Park. Rockefeller Foundations Stotte til Lang, 2000, pp. Moose, Wyoming: Grand Teton National Modernisering av Ungarsk Vitenskap Zambelli, Paola. "Refugee Philosophers. Park, 1999. og Helsevesen 1920-1941" 'The Gulf between Continental and Dickason, John H. and Duncan [Hungarian Nationalism and American Analytical Philosophy' as Registered Neuhauser. Closing a Foundation: Philanthropy: The Rockefeller in H. Spiegelberg's Interviews." The Lucille P.Markey Charitable Trust. Foundation's Support towards the In The "Unacceptables". American Washington, D.C.: Council on Modernization of Hungarian Science Foundations and Refugee Scholars Foundations, 2000. and Public Health, 1920-1941]. Ph.D. between the Two Wars and after, ed. by dissertation, Norwegian University of Giuliana Gemelli. Brussels: P.I.E.-Peter Domhoff, G. William. State Autonomy Science and Technology, 2000. Lang, 2000, pp. 173-194. Or Class Dominance? Case Studies on Policy Making in America. Hawthorne, Kavadi, Shirish N. The Rockefeller Foundation and Public Health in BOOKS AND DISSERTATIONS New York: Walter de Gruyter, Inc., 1996. Colonial India, 1916-1945:A Narrative Acland, Charles R. and William J. Buxton, Dror, Otniel. "Modernity and the History. Pune/Mumbai, India: eds. Harold Innis in the New Century: Scientific Study of Emotions, 1880- Foundation for Research in Community Reflections and Refractions. McGill- 1950." Ph.D. dissertation, Program in Health, 1999. Queen's University Press, 1999. the History of Science, Princeton University, 1998. Keehn, Martha McKee. India Ink: Letters Anderson, Eric and Alfred A. Moss, Jr. from India 1953-1961 by Martha Dangerous Donations: Northern Foulkes, Julia L. "Dancing America: McKee Keehn and the Keehn Collection Philanthropy and Southern Black Modern Dance and Cultural of Modern Indian Art. Produced by the Education, 1902-1930. Columbia: Nationalism, 1925-1950." Ph.D. Thomas B. Keehn family. New Delhi: University of Missouri Press, 1999. dissertation, University of Massachusetts Vadehra Art Gallery, 2000. at Amherst, 1997. Baick, John S. "Reorienting Culture: New Lederer, Susan E. Subjected to Science: York Elites and the Turn Toward East Gary, Brett. The Nervous Liberals: Human Experimentation in America Asia." Ph.D. dissertation, New York Propaganda Anxieties from World War before the Second World War. University, 1998. I to the Cold War. New York: Columbia Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University University Press, 1999. Balas, Glenda R. "The Recovery of Press, 1995. Institutional Vision for U.S. Public Media: Gasman, Marybeth. "A Renaissance in McNicholas, Joseph. "Corporate Culture Three Moments of Purpose and Failed Nashville: Charles S. Johnson's Use of and the American Novel: Producers, Resolve." Ph.D. dissertation, University Philanthropy to Build Fisk University in Persuaders and Communicators." of Iowa, 1999. the Post-War Period." Ph.D. dissertation, Ph.D. dissertation, English Department, Indiana University, 2000. Bell, Heather. Frontiers of Medicine in University of Texas at Austin, 1999. the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan, 1899-1940. Gemelli, Giuliana, ed. "The Mitman, Gregg. Reel Nature: America's Oxford and New York: Oxford University Unacceptables": American Romance with Wildlife on Film. Press, 1999. Foundations and Refugee Scholars Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Between the Two Wars and after. Blomert, Reinhard. Intellektuelle im University Press, 1999. Berne, New York and Brussels: P.I.E.- Aufbruch: Karl Mannheim, Alfred Weber, Peter Lang, 2000. Mitnick, Barbara J. Geraldine Rockefeller Norbert Elias und die Heidelberger Dodge. Morristown, New Jersey: Sozialwissenschaften Gonzalez, Lorenzo. "Modernity and Geraldine R. Dodge Foundation, 2000. der Zwischenkriegszeit. München, the City: Caracas 1935-1958." Ph.D. dissertation, Cornell University, 1996. Mizrachi, Nissim. "The Institutional Germany: Carl Hanser Verlag, 1999. Management of Mind-Body Dualism: Boschma, Geertje. "Creating Nursing Hartigan, Francis. Bill W.: A Biography The Battle over Psychosomatic Care for the Mentally Ill: Mental Health of Alcoholics Anonymous Cofounder Medicine." Ph.D. dissertation, Nursing in Dutch Asylums, 1890-1920." Bill Wilson. New York: St. Martin's University of Michigan, 1998. Ph.D. dissertation, Nursing, University Press, 2000. of Pennsylvania, 1997. 22 The Rockefeller University 1901 Recent Publications Moran, Jeffrey P. "Wholesome Fear': Reagan, Patrick D. Designing a New Strahorn, Eric A. "Land Use in the The Evolution of Sex Education in America: The Origins of New Deal Indian Tarai, 1947-1975: the United States, 1905-1995." Ph.D. Planning, 1890-1943. Amherst: University Representations of a Rapidly dissertation, Harvard University, 1996. of Massachusetts Press, 2000. Transforming Landscape." Ph.D. Murphy, Elizabeth A. "Initiative Help: Rees, Jonathan. "Managing the Mills: Labor dissertation, University of Iowa, 1997. U.S.-Czechoslovak Relations from Policy in the American Steel Industry, 1892- Taylor, Leslie A. "Veritable Hotbeds: Versailles to Munich." Ph.D. dissertation, 1937." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Lesbian Scandals in the United States, Cornell University, 1999. Wisconsin-Madison, 1997. 1926-1936." Ph.D. dissertation, Ogilvie, Marilyn Bailey and Clifford J. Santesmases, María Jesús. Antibióticos en University of Iowa, 1998. Choquette. A Dame Full of Vim and la Autarquía: Banco Privada, Industria Walker, Melissa. All We Knew Was to Vigor: A Biography of Alice Middleton Farmaacéutica, Investigación Científica y Farm: Rural Women in the Upcountry Boring, Biologist in China. Cultura Liberal en España, 1940-1960. South, 1919-1941. Baltimore: The Amsterdam: Harwood Academic Documento de Trabajo 9906. Programa de Johns Hopkins University Press, 2000. Publishers, 1999. Historia Económica. Madrid: Fundación Watkins, Elizabeth. "On the Pill: A Empresa Publica, 1999. Ohmer, Susan. "Measuring Desire: Social History of Oral Contraceptives in George Gallup and the Origins of Smith, McKelden and Lorraine H. Barstow. America, 1950-1970." Ph.D. dissertation, Market Research in Hollywood." Ph.D. Matisse & Chagall at the Union Church Harvard University, 1996. Dissertation, Department of Cinema of Pocantico Hills. With an Introduction Watkins, Elizabeth. On the Pill: Studies, New York University, 1997. by David Rockefeller. Tarrytown, New A Social History of Oral Pierson, Mary Louise. The Rockefeller York: Historic Hudson Valley Press, 1999. Contraceptives, 1950-1970. Baltimore: Family Home, Kykuit. Photographs Stevens, Marianne P. "Dollars and Change: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. by Mary Louise Pierson; text by Ann The Influence of Rockefeller Foundation Williams, Adriana. Covarrubias. Rockefeller Roberts; captions and Funding on Medical Education at the Austin: University of Texas Press, 1994 additional text by Cynthia Altman. University of Toronto, McGill and New York: Abbeville Press, 1998. Dalhousie." Ph.D. dissertation, University of Toronto, 1999. Pols, Johannes C. "Managing the Mind: The Culture of American Mental Hygiene, 1910-1950." Ph.D. dissertation, 1997. Selected RAC Publications The staff of the Rockefeller Archive *A Bibliography of Scholarship To order, please put a check beside any Center has prepared a number of at the Rockefeller Archive Center guides and surveys you would like to order descriptive guides and subject surveys as (1999). and return a copy of this form, along with introductions to the Center's holdings. Subject surveys of sources at the your address, to the Rockefeller Archive The guides provide a general description Rockefeller Archive Center include the Center, 15 Dayton Avenue, Sleepy Hollow, of each collection, and the surveys list New York 10591. Checks should be made following: by box and folder headings materials payable to The Rockefeller University, and related to specific subjects. The follow- *Africa (1996), 57 pp. must be drawn on an American bank. ing publications are available (+ denotes African-American History and There is a $3.00 charge for each publication also available from the Center's home- Race Relations (1993). ordered, and a $2.00 postage and handling fee. page on the World Wide Web at www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr): *Child Studies (1988), 86 pp. *Labor and Industrial Quantity X $3.00= *A Guide to Archives and Manu- scripts at the Rockefeller Archive Center Relations 2nd edition (1989), 47 pp. Postage and Handling +2.00 (1989), 77 pp., indexed. *Nursing (1987; revised 1990), Total enclosed $ 60 pp. *A Guide to the Social Science *Psychiatry and Related Areas Research Council Archives (1999), (1985), 107 pp. 34 pp. *The Transfer of Western Photograph Collections in the Science, Medicine, and Technology to Rockefeller Archive Center (1986), China During the Republican Period 37 pp., indexed. (1989), 34 pp. 23 The Rockefeller University 1901 The Rockefeller Foundation supported numerous area studies programs in the aftermath of World War II. Here Indiana University East European studies director Dr. Thomas A. Sebeok looks on as (seated from left to right) Lita L. Hancock, Gloria Michener, and Barbara Levitan take down Finnish text as Lennart Von Sweygberg (standing at right), professor emeritus at the Indiana University School of Music and a native of Finland, makes a recording ca. 1947. Programs to promote understanding between the East and the West will be one of many subjects scholars can seek support to study under this year's targeted grants-in-aid for the history of the Cold War. (See page 1) Rockefeller Archive Center Non-Profit 15 Dayton Avenue Organization Sleepy Hollow, NY 10591-1598 U.S. Postage PAID Telephone: (914) 631-4505 Permit 91006 e-mail: archive@mail. rockefeller.edu White Plains, NY www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr The Rockefeller Archive Center Newsletter is an annual fall publication of the Rockefeller Archive Center. It is intended to highlight the diverse range of subjects covered in the collections at the Center and to promote scholarship in the history of philanthropy. If you wish to be added to the mailing list to receive free of charge the print version of future RAC Newsletters, as well as Research Reports from the Rockefeller Archive Center each spring, please notify the Rockefeller Archive Center. Both publications also are available online from the Center's homepage on the World Wide Web at http://www.rockefeller.edu/archive.ctr/ Both the Newsletter and Research Reports are edited by Erwin Levold and Ken Rose, and designed by Mitelman & Associates Ltd., Tarrytown, NY. Rockefeller 1995 Archive Center Newsletter Twenty Years of Service New Deadline for Grant-in-Aid Program to Scholarship Beginning this year, applica- tions for the Rockefeller Archive Center's Grant-in-Aid n August 18, 1995, the The Center's tradition of scholar- Program will be due on Novem- O Rockefeller Archive Center ship and publication has continued ber 30, a month earlier than celebrated twenty years of and expanded under the Center's the previous deadline. This service to researchers. Between its second and current director, Darwin change will facilitate the Cen- opening to researchers on August H. Stapleton (Ph.D., Delaware). ter's processing of applications. 18, 1975 and the end of June 1995, The Center's grant program 2,063 researchers examined materi- offers support to scholars in any als in the Archive Center's Reading discipline who are engaged in Room under the watchful gaze of research that requires extensive a portrait of Laura Spelman Rocke- use of the archival collections feller, a former schoolteacher. housed at the Center. Applica- Records maintained by the Archive tions for this competitive pro- Center indicate that these scholars gram must include a budget have produced 348 articles, 231 that details estimated expenses books, and 60 dissertations that cite for travel, temporary lodging, the Center's collections. meals, and research. Scholars Under the leadership of profes- from within the United States sionally trained historians, the staff and Canada may apply for of the Rockefeller Archive Center grants of up to $1,500; because always has been conscious of its of the additional cost of travel, scholarly mission as well as its archi- scholars from other nations may val responsibilities. The first leaders A portrait of Laura Spelman Rockefeller (Mrs. request up to $2,000. The of the Archive Center, founding John D. Rockefeller) overlooks the Reading Room deadline for applications for director Joseph W. Ernst (archivist at the Rockefeller Archive Center, which grants is November 30, and for the Rockefeller family; Ph.D., celebrated its twentieth anniversary in August. the grant recipients will be Columbia) and associate director announced the following March. J. William Hess (archivist for the The continuation of this tradition Requests for application Rockefeller Foundation; Ph.D., is evident in the expansion of the forms and any of the Center's Harvard) firmly established the tradi- Center's publication program. In guides and surveys (see p. 24) tion that the Center's staff contrib- the spring of 1990 the Center initi- should be addressed to Darwin ute toward scholarship through ated a second annual publication, H. Stapleton, Director. Appli- conferences and publications, as well Research Reports from the Rockefeller cants will soon be able to down- as by promoting the collections Archive Center, which includes se- load the application form from and making them accessible through lected reports from the Center's the Archive Center's homepage the preparation of guides, subject scholars and a list of research grant- on the World Wide Web at surveys, and the Center's Newsletter, in-aid recipients and the topics http://www.rockefeller.edu./ which began publication in 1982. of their research. The Newsletter arc_cent/arc_cent.html, but (For a list of guides and surveys avail- appears in the fall; Research Reports applications must be submitted able from the Center, see p. 24.) (continued on page 17) by mail. Director's Comment Vision to Reality in Twenty Years The In August 1975 the first scholars mented events in every region of the Rockefeller walked through the door of the newly- world. Because new files and entire opened Rockefeller Archive Center, a collections are being opened every University repository for the records of the Rocke- year (for example, portions of the 1901 feller family and its philanthropies. In Nelson A. Rockefeller Papers are 1995 it is likely that the 2,200th re- now being opened at regular inter- searcher will arrive. In the intervening vals), future scholarship based on the The Rockefeller Archive Center, twenty years the Center has become a Center's collections will influence a division of The Rockefeller Univer- repository for nearly 60 million pages new areas of knowledge. sity, was established in 1974 to of records that touch on virtually every Few research institutions on the preserve and make available to important aspect of global history in scale of the Archive Center can claim researchers the records of the Univer- the last 125 years. its level of scholarly productivity. sity, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Rockefeller Brothers Fund, members The average researcher who comes This remarkable record is a tribute to to the Center reviews its rich files to of the Rockefeller family, and other the planners who began in the mid- individuals and institutions associ- understand significant episodes in the 1960s to envision a research center, ated with their endeavors. Since life of a person or institution in order and is the culmination of continuing 1986, the Center has received the to discuss them in a scholarly publica- commitments to deposit and open records of several non-Rockefeller tion. This newsletter publishes a list of institutional records for research. The philanthropies. the most recent publications based on two-decade-old vision of founders of The Center's collections document Archive Center documents, a list that the Center - the Rockefeller family, seminal developments and issues of this year includes more than 90 entries the Rockefeller Foundation, the the 20th century. Major subjects (see pp. 19-23). Rockefeller University, and the include African-American history, The considerable body of scholar- Rockefeller Brothers Fund - has agriculture, the arts, education, inter- ship coming out of research at the become reality. national relations and economic Archive Center has fed a broad range development, labor, medicine and Darwin H. Stapleton of fields of knowledge, and has docu- Director public health, nursing, philanthropy, politics, population, religion, science, the social sciences, social welfare, and women's history. Rockefeller Archive Center Governing Council Scholars planning to conduct research at the Center should write Benjamin R. Shute, Jr. Larry J. Hackman to the Center's director, describing Council Chairman Director, Harry S. Truman Library their project in specific terms. An Secretary and Treasurer, Robert E. Kohler Rockefeller Brothers Fund archivist will respond with a descrip- Professor, Department of History and Sociology tion of the scope and contents of Alexander G. Bearn of Science, University of Pennsylvania relevant materials. Trustee and Adjunct Professor, Medicine Kathleen D. McCarthy The Archive Center is located and Genetics, The Rockefeller University Director, Center for the Study of 25 miles north of New York City in John E. Craig, Jr. Philanthropy, City University of New York Pocantico Hills, North Tarrytown, Executive Vice President and Treasurer, Joyce L. Moock New York. An information packet The Commonwealth Fund Associate Vice President, for researchers, containing a map The Rockefeller Foundation Harvey P. Dale and listing local lodging accommoda- Professor and Director, School of Law Program Barbara B. Rockefeller tions, is available upon request. on Philanthropy and the Law, Associate Professor of History, Additional information about the New York University Middlebury College Center's holdings and programs is Vanessa Northington Gamble Torsten Wiesel available online at http://www. Associate Professor, Family Medicine President, The Rockefeller University rockefeller.edu./arc_cent/ & Practice and History of Medicine & Beth Zolkind arc_cent.html Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Controller, Russell Sage Foundation University of Wisconsin-Madison 2 Rockefeller University Research Reports Yellow Fever in the Anglo-Egyptian Sudan by Heather Bell o one had any idea that century that U.S. Army scientists archives document the RF's strug- N yellow fever occurred in the confirmed that yellow fever was gle in the mid-1920s to establish Anglo-Egyptian Sudan until transmitted from human to human whether American yellow fever 1933, when its previous biological by Aedes aegypti mosquitoes, and and West African yellow fever existence was discovered as part of established that the disease could be were in fact the "same" disease. In an Africa-wide immunity survey eliminated by targeting mosquito the context of the new laboratory conducted by the International larvae. While yellow fever was medical science, this meant show- Health Division (IHD) of the viewed as a disease of the Americas, ing that American and West Rockefeller Foundation (RF). The African yellow fevers were caused IHD immunity test results baffled by the same organism. The first scientists and laymen alike: while strain of yellow fever virus was the tests revealed pockets of high isolated by RF scientists at Accra, immunity to yellow fever in south- Gold Coast in 1927; cross-immu- ern Sudan, the disease was clinically nity experiments in South America unknown in that area, indeed in all soon confirmed that yellow fever of East Africa, and no doctor could was a single disease. recall ever having seen a case. The If yellow fever was a well- discovery caused widespread con- known disease, the interwar pre- sternation in the international politi- occupation with it was born of cal community, which feared that entirely new conditions: the dawn newly developing commercial air of commercial air travel. By reduc- travel would spread the disease ing travel time, air travel removed from East Africa to the virgin soil of age-old barriers to the spread of Asia. For IHD it was an exciting, if infectious disease. This resulted in medically puzzling, find. The Brit- an unprecedented internationaliza- ish-run Sudan government was less tion of health concern. New inter- enthused: only just climbing out of national health bodies formulated the Depression, it was compelled to A "mosquito squad" in Ife, Nigeria ca. 1931 the International Sanitary Conven- assume the costs of compliance with "receiving instruction in the method of catching tion on Aerial Navigation (ISC), international regulations designed adult insects for use in laboratory studies of which attempted to protect "unin- to contain the spread of a disease yellow fever" conducted by the RF's International fected" countries from diseases Health Division. which its doctors claimed did not such as yellow fever, without sti- exist in Sudan. its etiology was held to be universal, fling the nascent airplane industry. Little of a critical nature has been leading the RF to commit itself to In order for quarantine and disin- written about the history of yellow the disease's worldwide eradication. fection regulations to work, how- fever research in Africa, as scholars The application of medical knowl- ever, the extent of the disease had have focused on the more famous edge acquired in one region to the to be known. Accordingly, the American experience of the disease. situation in another was not Office international d'hygiène This is no accident: it was in straightforward, however, as the publique approached the IHD in Central America at the turn of the RF discovered in West Africa. The 1930 for help in mapping areas 3 Rockefeller University Research Reports endemic for yellow fever. The appeal search in Uganda, Sudan, and the C. Smithburn isolated two strains of was fortuitously timed, for RF scien- Belgian Congo in the late 1930s, yellow fever virus from the Nuba tists in New York had just developed which failed to yield the virus. The Mountains. This proved the valid- a test for yellow fever immunity in frustration and concern of IHD sci- ity of the protection test and white mice-the mouse protection entists grew. They remained con- confirmed that many cases of East test- which would allow them to vinced that where yellow fever African yellow fever were mild, analyze a larger number of human could occur endemically, as indi- even sub-clinical. Among colonial sera samples. cated by their protection test, it doctors in Africa, everyone was a At complete odds with the clinical could also flare up into a significant convert, requesting large supplies of evidence, the test results from Sudan epidemic. the RF's 17D yellow fever vaccine. indicated endemicity and were When the outbreak that the I arrived at the Archive Center greeted with a variety of responses. IHD had been waiting for finally thinking that Sudan's rather strange Many European doctors, serving came, it nearly passed everyone by. experience of yellow fever was pe- the colonial and commercial interests Although it had been claiming lives ripheral to the history of the disease of their states, quite reasonably since May, the Nuba Mountains in Africa, but the documentation challenged the scientific validity of epidemic of 1940 only came to the completely overturned my precon- the mouse protection test. Officials attention of the Sudan government ception. In addition to enlighten- in vulnerable countries, such as India in October. The area in question ing me, this story also illuminates and Indonesia, declared bans on was remote and had been cut off wider themes in the history of flights arriving from endemic areas, from outside contact during the medicine and empire, to the point such as Sudan. The Sudan govern- summer rains. Moreover, the gov- of challenging the usefulness of the ment, while skeptical that yellow ernment's attention was elsewhere term "colonial medicine." Colonial fever could occur in its territory with- that summer, preoccupied with the relationships, both between coloniz- out detection, chose to comply cau- threat of Italian army invasion from ers and colonized, and between tiously with the ISC in maintaining Abyssinia. When government European capitals and their repre- mosquito-free aerodromes. In addi- doctors finally confirmed yellow sentatives within the colonies, are tion, mosquito larvae were diligently fever in November, officials moved not the decisive ones in this story. collected and killed in most southern quickly to further isolate the Nuba What mattered was not whether a Sudanese towns, and all suspicious Mountains from the surrounding country was a colony, but whether deaths due to fever were investigated. area, and thereby protect the it was infected by yellow fever. The Sudan government was not British, Sudanese, and Indian troops Indeed, this story revolves around a willing, however, to let the yellow moving through northern Sudan. globalization of health concern, fever virus enter Sudan for experimen- The 15,000 reported deaths triggered by the start of air travel, tal purposes, and therefore refused among the Nuba made this the which made colonial boundaries an IHD request to establish a yellow largest known yellow fever epi- seem obsolete at the same time as fever laboratory in southern Sudan. demic in Africa. In the eyes of the it created new relationships. Un- The Uganda government gave the Sudan Medical Service (SMS) and infected countries such as India sud- IHD a better reception; with the IHD researchers, however, the epi- denly found themselves dependent opening of the Yellow Fever Re- demic was less an episode of human on precautions taken in distant, in- search Institute at Entebbe in 1936, suffering than an exciting scientific fected countries, like Sudan. From IHD scientists started the search for event. Exulted Dr. Robert Kirk of a country without African colonies, East African yellow fever virus in the SMS, in his Scottish lilt, "If it the RF provided the international order to vindicate their immunity were no' for the war, this epidemic personnel, outlook, and funds that test results. Field diaries and semi- wad be juist grrrand!" IHD doctors annual reports record painstaking re- Alexander F. Mahaffy and Kenneth (continued on page 16) 4 The Rockefeller University 1901 SERVICE RAC News New Index to John D. Rockefeller Material Available R-21277 INSTITUTION OR INDIVIDUAL n the last two years researchers have shown a #1 I renewed interest in the papers of John D. Rocke- Merry Kind feller, and the Rockefeller Archive Center is FOR WHAT SPECIAL PURPOSE. pleased to announce the availability of a new index that will help researchers gain better access to this series of correspondence. This new tool is available Date. To Whom Paid. Amount for use at the Archive Center. 1894 Using a set of Rockefeller's charities index cards Dept.25 Mrs Florence Chamber 350.00 that record his contributions from about 1864 through 1903, volunteer Kyle Larson and several 7ib 28 350.00 staff members have compiled a database that enables " 600.00 researchers to determine more easily which organiza- tions and individuals received gifts from Rockefeller " 600.00 during this period. Rockefeller apparently began to any Rubh have 7.38 keep this alphabetical card index of his charitable gifts sometime in the 1880s, and he went back Sep In of Complaine 900.00 through his ledgers to add selected earlier gifts. 1897 900.00 These cards are now stored in eight boxes in the do Rockefeller Family archives, Record Group 1, John 900.00 D. Rockefeller Papers, Financial Materials series, the Pum 30.00 Charities Index Cards. afe28 hrs 6 g Coffee Goo. At the top of each card, Rockefeller listed the name of the organization or individual for which the Oct this In E Raws 900.00 1899 gift was intended; below it, he recorded the date and 7ma23 illi Home 500.00 amount of each gift to that beneficiary, along with the name of the individual to whom it was sent. The ape Company- them 900.00 database is intended to facilitate access to the corre- 11 10 alta Homan 2000.00 spondence and does not include the specific date or amount of these gifts. Since incoming letters to May 15 " 3000.00 Rockefeller are filed alphabetically by correspondent, your " " 5000.00 this database will make it easier for researchers inter- ested in particular institutions to identify and locate July 25 Lunned miss Smith 200.00 relevant correspondence. Used in conjunction with 11 31 alta House 5000.00 the Index to the John D. Rockefeller Letterbooks 1877- Self." " " 5000.00 1918 (1987), this new tool will permit researchers to use Rockefeller's correspondence with greater ease. han 2 140.00 A second set of cards which record Rockefeller's FORWARD. 28177.38 gifts beginning in 1904 has not been included in the database as of yet. The first of two cards that record Rockefeller's gifts to the Cleveland Day Nursery and Kindergarten Association from September 1894 to January 1901, this shows that Rocke- feller gave the association general support as well as gifts for very specific purposes, such as a piano in September 1897. 5 The University Archival Notes Nelson A. Rockefeller, 3:00 PM, Tuesday, October 10, 1950: Portrait of a Man and a Career in Progress dinator of Inter-American Affairs for President Franklin D. Roosevelt, and then as a private businessman and philanthropist, Rockefeller launched a constant stream of pro- grams to improve Latin America's economies and to strengthen its cultural ties with the U.S. On a pragmatic level he also was con- cerned with maintaining U.S. access to resources and markets which were threatened initially by the Axis Powers and subsequently by communism. By the late 1940s Rockefeller had definite ideas about the kind of economic foreign policy the U.S. should pursue and the ways in which government and business could cooperate in that field. He his photograph was initially verge of accepting another presiden- was thrilled when President Harry T selected to accompany the tial appointment, the third of six S. Truman, in his inaugural address announcement of the newly such positions that eventually led in January 1949, announced a opened portions of the Nelson him into elective politics. Haacker's "bold new program" to channel A. Rockefeller papers on page 9. photos from this session offer a America's technical know-how and A posed "PR" portrait of the 42- portrait of Rockefeller at a junction capital investment into the under- year-old businessman in his office at in his career. developed areas of the world. Rockefeller Center on October 10, During the previous thirteen Throughout 1949 and 1950 Rocke- 1950, the photo neatly illustrates years, Rockefeller had devoted feller promoted Truman's Point the concepts of "Nelson A. Rocke- nearly all of his energy to improving Four concept to private and govern- feller" and "papers." However, the economies and living standards ment groups. At the hearings of curiosity about what he was writing of Latin America. In the 1930s he the House Committee on Foreign led to closer examination of the had become fascinated with the Affairs, which was developing legis- photo (with a magnifying glass at people and culture of the region, lation for the Point Four program, one point), which in turn led to but was distressed at the wretched Rockefeller shared his insights some research in his papers. This living conditions he found. He and conclusions on international revealed that there was more going believed these conditions were due economic development. He urged on with Rockefeller on this day primarily to the national economies Congress to go beyond merely besides photographer Charles of the continent, which were providing technical assistance and Haacker's three o'clock appoint- depressed at worst, lopsided at best. called for the establishment of a ment. After five years as a private First as a director of the Creole broad independent program free citizen, Rockefeller was on the Petroleum Company, later as Coor- from State Department control. 6 Rockefeller University Archival Notes When the government seemed ing the project indefinitely. nessmen, who as a group were not slow to act, Rockefeller grew impa- When Haacker arrived for his interested in foreign investment. tient and sought greater support for afternoon appointment on October American industry, still busy meet- his views through their publication. 10, 1950, Rockefeller was in the ing the pent-up demand for con- In the fall of 1949 he hired two process of shelving another related sumer goods following the end of ghost writers and began working project. On the paper before him in World War II, was now swamped on "The U.S. and the World," a the photograph, Rockefeller had with orders as a result of another monograph that summarized his written "Summary of NAR's conclu- military build-up prompted by the experiences in foreign economic sions on ECOR." ECOR was Eco- outbreak of war in Korea. With development and outlined his ideas nomic Research, Inc., which had money to be made at home, busi- for a large program of U.S. foreign been established five months earlier nessmen found little incentive to aid and economic growth. The as an association of business leaders assume the risks of foreign invest- program was geared toward both from Europe, Latin America, and ment. On October 4, Rockefeller improving living conditions in the U.S. Essentially a study group wrote a memo on ECOR's future underdeveloped countries and sup- to determine if and how the private and two days later met with some porting the growth of democracy, sector could establish a Point Four- of the group's leaders to discuss the both of which Rockefeller believed type program on its own, ECOR issue. His conclusions on ECOR were key to thwarting the spread of was especially interested in projects were to stop the development of communism. Furthermore, he which would be mutually bene- new programs and, once its current believed that improving living ficial in developing Latin America, programs were finished, suspend its conditions in poorer nations was a rebuilding Europe, and providing activities. Nonetheless, Rockefeller moral obligation of the world's markets and investment opportuni- thought ECOR might have a role to wealthiest nation. The book had ties for America. International play in about a year. reached its third draft when, eight events and economic realities over- Rockefeller's tabling of both his days before this photo, Rockefeller took ECOR, however. The weak book project and ECOR did not told his writers that he was suspend- link proved to be American busi- represent any discouragement on NAR Notes AIA, IBEC, and ECOR are in The notes he is writing were evi- Documentation for these events the AIA-IBEC Series. His files dently not retained. However, a comes from several records series on Creole Petroleum and the transcript of them, based on this in Record Group 4, Nelson A. manuscript for Rockefeller's un- and two other photographs Rockefeller, Personal, in the published book are in the Activi- taken that afternoon, has been Rockefeller Family archives. ties Series. The book he is placed in the ECOR file. Rockefeller's files on his work as examining in the photo is Basic Finally, note the unorthodox Coordinator of Inter-American Data on the Other American Repub- manner in which the left-handed Affairs, as Assistant Secretary of lics, an OCIAA publication Rockefeller holds his pencil. State, and as chairman of the In- which is now filed in the Wash- Left-handedness was socially un- ternational Development Advi- ington, D.C. Series. The appoint- acceptable when he was a child, sory Board can be found in the ment book on Rockefeller's and he was forced to write with Washington, D.C. Series. His right, which dates the photo and his right hand, producing this un- Congressional testimony and gen- notes the photographer's ap- usual style. eral support for Point Four are in pointment at three o'clock, is the Projects Series. His files on found in the Activities Series. Harold W. Oakhill 7 Rockefeller University Archival Notes his part, for recent developments October 1950, Rockefeller was ing more than a little bitter. had made these efforts redundant. president and chairman of the Now Truman was calling him On September 8, President Tru- board of Rockefeller Center, Inc.; back. In suspending the work on man had established the Interna- he was president of both his own his book and ECOR, Rockefeller tional Development Advisory economic development agency, the appears to have made up his mind Board (IDAB) and shortly thereaf- International Basic Economy Corpo- by October 10 to accept the offer, ter offered Rockefeller the chair- ration (IBEC) and his own interna- but earlier that day, Rockefeller manship of the new board, which tional philanthropy, the American had drawn up a list of "Things to was to devise plans for implement- International Association for Discuss with the President," which ing the broad program originally Economic and Social Development revealed his concerns. Rockefeller envisioned in his inaugural address. (AIA); and he was president and wanted concessions from Truman Truman's offer was the chance chairman of the Museum of Modern before he accepted the appointment. Rockefeller had been waiting for: Art. From real estate development He wanted direct access to Truman; the opportunity to plan, within the in Manhattan to the improvement he wanted to maintain his own sanctity of a presidential appoint- of corn production in Venezuela, private activities in the field of inter- ment, a comprehensive program Rockefeller directed his own large- national economic development; of foreign economic development. scale programs; now he was being he wanted Truman to know that Rockefeller had been down this asked to chair a government he would remain non-partisan and road before. In 1940 he had committee which would have no would stay out of politics (though presented President Roosevelt with authority to implement any of its he felt compelled to remind the his proposal for a "Hemisphere proposals. President that he and his family Economic Policy." Not only had Furthermore, this offer came were Republicans); and he wanted Roosevelt accepted the proposal, he from the same president who, five the appointment to be on a six- had asked Rockefeller to implement years earlier, had asked Rockefeller month basis with the understanding it as head of the new Office of the to resign from his position as Assis- that if he did not live up to Coordinator of Inter-American tant Secretary of State for American Truman's expectations he would Affairs. The thought, indeed the Republic Affairs. President step down. These were the mix of hope, that this might happen again Roosevelt had promoted Rocke- thoughts and emotions that filled must surely have been on Rocke- feller to the post in December 1944 him that afternoon as he posed feller's mind. in recognition of the rapport that for this photograph. But Rockefeller's elation at the Rockefeller had developed with the In a meeting at the White House new opportunity was no doubt Latin American people. Rockefeller on November 1, 1950, President tempered by the memories of his tried to continue Roosevelt's policies Truman agreed to Rockefeller's previous experiences in government after his death in 1945. He conditions and assured him that he service. He clearly remembered the argued that inter-American unity thought Rockefeller was capable of constant compromising and endless should be a priority in the U.S. doing the job. Rockefeller accepted cajoling members of Congress and foreign policy agenda, but he found the appointment. The board con- the administration to get a fraction himself increasingly out of step with sisted of twelve other members of the funds and authority he felt he the majority of those in the State representing business, labor, and needed to carry out his responsibili- Department who felt that Europe academia, and was supported by ties. He also remembered the pub- should be the center of U.S. foreign seventeen consultants and a staff of lic scrutiny and criticism that came policy interests. By August 1945 fourteen. The board met for the with government service. In his the situation had become first time on November 29 and past five years as a private citizen, intolerable for all concerned and issued its final report, titled Partners Rockefeller once again had gotten Rockefeller was essentially fired. in Progress, on March 7, 1951. used to being his own man. By The whole affair had left him feel- Predictably, the IDAB's recom- 8 Rockefeller University Collection News mendations drew heavily on Rocke- Additional Portions of the Nelson A. Rockefeller feller's experiences and closely matched his vision of a large pro- Papers Open for Scholarly Research gram of foreign aid and investment. n January 1, 1995 an addi- Activities Series, 1930-1979, The recommendations reflected O tional 472 cubic feet of 64.8 cu. ft. The series provides a Rockefeller's own convictions that Nelson A. Rockefeller's partial view of Rockefeller's busi- the nations of the world were de- pendent upon each other for their papers were made available for use ness, civic, governmental, philan- by scholars. Over 900 cubic feet of thropic, cultural, and social own military security and economic Rockefeller's papers, dating from activities. It includes Rockefeller's stability, and that economic growth 1930 to 1979, are now open for speeches and statements (1932- and its attendant rise in living stan- dards were essential to the growth research. This material documents 1965), appointment books record- of democracy. Just as predictably, portions of his public service career ing his daily professional activities as well as many of his personal phil- (1932-1968), itineraries of his do- the proposal was shot to pieces by mestic and foreign travels (1930- Congressional conservatives and anthropic, business, and civic activi- 1971), philanthropic and political turf-conscious bureaucrats in the ties. Reflecting Rockefeller's widely contributions (1937-1971), and administration. Truman did little varying interests, his papers offer preparations for social events he to support the IDAB's recommen- rich sources on a number of broad hosted (1935-1971). dations, and the resulting program themes, including the arts, the Cold Files on his interests in Latin fell far short of the vast, indepen- War, environmental policy, interna- America include those on the dent one called for in Partners in tional economic development, American-Colombian Corporation; Progress. Latin America, New York City, Compania Anonima Hotelera Rockefeller resigned from the New York State government and Venezolana; Compania de Fomento board in November 1951, once politics, philanthropy, public policy, Venezolana; Creole Petroleum; again intrigued by the vast poten- the U.S. federal government, U.S. Hemisphere Films; Speeches and tial for action he saw in govern- foreign policy, and World War II. Statements (especially for 1940- ment, but simultaneously The newly opened material in- 1945); and Trips. Of particular disappointed by its political reali- cludes four series from three differ- interest are the notes, drafts and ties. It was another in a series of ent record groups of the Rockefeller reference files assembled for his experiences for Rockefeller which Family archives. They are described unpublished manuscript "The U.S. drove home the same two points: below: and the World" (1949-1950). The only government offered the means manuscript represents Rockefeller's to carry out the broad programs of Record Group 4, Nelson A. summation of his role in Latin economic and social improvement Rockefeller-Personal America and his ideas for future that he envisioned; and real power This record group consists of American foreign economic policy. and authority in government was to Nelson A. Rockefeller's correspon- Included are transcripts of Rocke- be had not through appointments, dence files as maintained by his staff feller's tape-recorded narration of but through the ballot box. On at the Rockefeller family offices in his experiences as Coordinator of October 10, 1950, photographer New York City. For the most part Inter-American Affairs and as Charles Haacker caught Rockefeller they document his personal activi- President of the International Basic passing a junction on the road ties but also include files from his Economy Corporation. that was leading him into electoral work with the federal government Other significant files include the politics. in the 1940s and 1950s. The Mayor's Business Advisory Commit- Harold W. Oakhill following two series from this tee (New York City, 1940-1947); Archivist record group are now available: the Government Affairs Foundation (1953-1969); the Temporary State 9 The Rockefeller University 1901 Collection News Commission on the Constitutional Record Group 15, Nelson A. 1974 to January 20, 1977. The Convention (New York, 1956- Rockefeller-Gubernatorial following series from this record 1958); the Rockefeller Brothers Rockefeller, a Republican, served as group is now available: Fund (1941-1971) and its Special governor of New York from Janu- Central Files Series, 1974- Studies Project, chaired by Henry ary 1, 1959 to December 18, 1973. 1977, 200 cu. ft. The series Kissinger, (1956-1967); and the He was the first person elected to contains the general correspondence Saudi Arabian-American Corpora- four consecutive four-year terms as of the Office of the Vice President tion (1977). a state governor. The following from Nelson A. Rockefeller's tenure Projects Series, 1930-1971, 110 series from this record group is now in that office. The series offers par- cu. ft. This series is a general corre- available: tial documentation of Rockefeller's spondence file offering further docu- Press Office Series, 1958- role in the development of national mentation of Rockefeller's business, 1974, 90 cu. ft. The series includes policy; his duties as President of the civic, governmental, philanthropic, press releases documenting Rocke- U.S. Senate; his information-gather- feller's governmental and political ing activities on behalf of the White cultural, and social activities. Major activities. Also included are tran- House and executive agencies; and files include Dartmouth College (1930-1971); Committee for scripts of Rockefeller's speeches; his support of the President's poli- Economic Development (1946- travel itineraries and schedules; cies. There are also reports and 1971); Council for Inter-American and some background material. position papers on national issues Cooperation (1945-1952); Council Topics include his "Town Meet- submitted to the Vice President by ings" (1967, 1969, 1972); his Presi- individuals both in and outside on Foreign Relations (1947-1971); Institute for International Social dential Mission to Latin America government. Also documented are (1969); and his campaigns for the Rockefeller's campaign activities on Research (1942-1971); Metropoli- tan Museum of Art (1932-1971); Republican presidential nomination behalf of President Ford and Senator Museum of Modern Art (1931- (1960, 1964 and 1968). The series Robert Dole in the 1976 presidential 1971); Museum of Primitive Art continues to October 16, 1974 campaign. (1954-1971); Whitney Museum and includes his Critical Choices The bulk of the correspondence of American Art (1948-1971); Commission, Watergate, and his consists of letters from U.S. citizens National Conference of Christians appointment as Vice President. expressing their opinions on issues, and Jews (1948-1961); Pan Ameri- The series also contains 371 inviting the Vice President to speak can Union (Organization of the reports issued by New York State at events, or asking for assistance American States, 1945-1971); agencies and commissions; position with personal problems. The re- Rockefeller Center (1930-1971); papers for Rockefeller and other sponses to such correspondence were United Jewish Appeal (1946- candidates in the 1964 and 1968 written by the Vice President's staff. 1971); United Nations (1946- presidential campaigns; analysis of A brief description of all the open 1971); United States Council on public opinion surveys on various portions of Nelson Rockefeller's International Economic Policy issues (1966-1971); and back- papers is available upon request. (1945-1947); United States Govern- ground information on local issues Scholars seeking specific information ment (1940-1969); University of in each county of New York (1962). should submit a letter of inquiry. The letter should include a brief the Andes Foundation (1958- 1971); Victory Clothing Drive For Record Group 26, Nelson A. outline of the research project with Overseas Relief (1946); and Rockefeller - Vice Presidential the names of relevant individuals Westchester County Board of President Gerald R Ford appointed and institutions, and should indicate Health (1939-1959). Rockefeller to fill the vacant vice clearly what information is being presidency. Rockefeller served as sought. Vice President from December 19, Harold W. Oakhill Archivist 10 Rockefeller University Collection News John Z. Bowers Papers the New England Deaconess Radiology Laboratory, he launched Hospital under Dr. Shields Warren, a significant research project for the he Rockefeller Archive Center T a noted pathologist and a specialist Atomic Bomb Casualty Commis- has acquired an additional in radiobiology. From 1947 to sion to study the effects of radio- six cubic feet of the personal 1950, Bowers served as Deputy active substances. In 1955 he was and professional papers of John Z. Director of the Biology and Medi- chosen as the Dean of the Univer- Bowers (1913-1993), a distin- cine Division of the Atomic Energy sity of Wisconsin School of Medi- guished educator and scientist, a Commission, and in this capacity cine. From 1958 to 1961 Bowers renowned expert on medical educa- witnessed the nuclear weapons tests served as a member of President tion and history, and a respected at Eniwetok. Dwight Eisenhower's Health and foundation officer. In August 1949, Bowers was sent Resources Advisory Committee, to Japan to monitor the long-term which made recommendations on biological effects of atomic national problems in medicine and radiation on the survivors of the health care. attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki. When the China Medical Board He collaborated with Warren on awarded him an Alan Gregg fellow- studies of acute radiation syndrome ship to study in the Far East, and investigated changes in electro- Bowers selected Japan, for he lytes produced by exposure to radia- wished to study medical education tion. He served as director of the in a country which shifted from a Radioactive Isotope Laboratory in traditional system to a modern sys- Baltimore, and, in 1950, as a tem and developed strong research. director and research fellow at the He subsequently chose Kyoto as the Crocker Radiation Laboratory of the base of his studies because of the University of California at Berkeley. quality of its university and its his- His broad experience with the toric significance. He served as a effects of radiation led to his ap- visiting professor at both the Kyoto pointment in 1981 to the Advisory University School of Medicine and Committee to the Radiation Effects the University of the Philippines Research Foundation of the during 1962-1964. His keen inter- John Z. Bowers National Academy of Sciences. He est in ancient and modern Japanese John Zimmerman Bowers was wrote The History of the U.S. Atomic medicine and his extensive research born in Cantonsville, Maryland on Bomb Casualty Commission for the were reflected in his many scholarly August 27, 1913. He received his National Academy of Sciences in papers and books, and earned him B.S. from Gettysburg College 1983 and Radiation Effects Research acclaim as one of the foremost (1933) and his M.D. from the Uni- Foundation - Its Origins and Growth, authorities in the U.S. on Japanese versity of Maryland (1938). During published in 1985. and Chinese medical education and World War II, he saw active duty Bowers served as Assistant Profes- history. in the Naval Medical Corps and was sor of Preventive Medicine at The Bowers joined the Rockefeller wounded at the battle of Guadalca- Johns Hopkins University School of Foundation in 1964 and the next nal. He was awarded the Legion of Medicine, and in 1950, at age thirty- year became president of the Josiah Merit for Combat and the Purple seven, he became the youngest medi- Macy, Jr., Foundation, a position he Heart. Before his discharge as a cal dean ever chosen when he was held from 1965 until 1980. Under commander in 1945, Bowers was appointed Dean and Professor at the his innovative and effective guid- sent to Harvard University for six University of Utah College of Medi- ance, the Macy Foundation insti- months of training in pathology at cine. As director of the University's tuted programs designed to bring 11 The Rockefeller University Collection News more women and minority students Rockefeller Foundation as a consul- role of philanthropy in American into medical careers, and the foun- tant and in 1983 wrote The Health society and in international eco- dation won international recogni- of Mankind, a history of its health nomic and social development tion for fostering education in the and natural science programs. during the 1950s, at the height of health sciences. Bowers also organ- The John Z. Bowers Papers at the Cold War. As befitting a former ized and presided over a series of the Rockefeller Archive Center State Department official and a highly successful international comprise 25 cubic feet of material future Secretary of State, foreign conferences on various aspects of consisting of his books and policy is the theme of much of this medical care and education, and the manuscripts, journal articles, book material. The speeches and articles proceedings of many of these Macy reviews, and reprints; material on cover issues relating to the process Conferences were published. Japan and China, and on the of policy development; relations As president (1968-1978) of Atomic Bomb Casualty Commis- with the Soviet Union; the politics Alpha Omega Alpha, the National sion; three volumes of annual of the Korean War; the operation Medical Honor Society, Bowers reports of the Radiation Effects of the United Nations; and the continued to be outspoken in his Research Foundation, 1975-1980; economic and social significance of insistence on excellence in scholar- and the published proceedings of ship as well as personal distinction. the Macy Conferences. Also in- He guided the society in initiating cluded are Shields Warren's photo- its Leaders in American Medicine graphs of Nagasaki in 1947 and program, which published the auto- diaries of observations he made biographical memoirs of contempo- during tests of the atomic and rary distinguished men and women hydrogen bombs at Eniwetok in in medicine. 1948. Although the collection is In 1980, Huang Chiassu, unprocessed, the inventoried papers president of the Chinese Academy are available to researchers. of Medical Sciences (formerly the Peking Union Medical College), Dean Rusk's RF Papers, personally invited Bowers to visit 1952-1962 China. The invitation was Chiassu's compliment to Bowers' book, ean Rusk, a steward of Western Medicine in a Chinese Palace: D American domestic and for- Dean Rusk (right), president of the Rockefeller Peking Union Medical College, 1917- eign policy during the Cold Foundation, and former RF president Raymond 1951 (1972), which was based on War, has left a small collection of B. Fosdick at the RF Christmas party, December twenty-three years of research. papers now open for research at the 21, 1960. This invitation was one of many Rockefeller Archive Center. The honors that Bowers received for his collection offers insight into Rusk's tax exemption accorded to philan- accomplishments. Others include work as president of the Rockefeller thropic foundations. A few items the Legion of Honor of France, the Foundation (RF) from 1952-1960. are dated as late as 1962, document- Order of the Rising Sun of Japan, He left the foundation to become ing writings on foreign policy and and numerous fellowships, honorary Secretary of State in the John F. reactions to those writings. degrees, and other awards. Kennedy Administration. The highlight of this collection is After his retirement from the The papers consist of three series: the rough text of a statement that Macy Foundation in 1980, Bowers Correspondence, Speeches, and Rusk made to RF staff in December maintained his affiliation with the Published Articles. The speeches 1954, in which he addressed the and articles are concerned with the subject of the Reece Committee 12 University 1901 Collection News investigation of foundations. Rusk The Commonwealth Fund welcomed the expected statement in the Reece Committee report that no Harkness Fellowships new legislation would be sought to change the law affecting foundations. He took note of principal objections to the work of the philanthropic community, including the Rockefeller Foundation: that philanthropy supported something of a left-wing influence in American society, and that the Foundation's support of empirical research constituted a poten- tial or actual subversion of established American values. The correspondence files and some of the speech files consist of letters that document either arrangements for specific occasions, most notably speeches, or Rusk's contacts with a range of leaders in the academic and governmental foreign policy estab- lishment. The collection includes an index to the Speech files; for some The second annual Commonwealth Fund Fellowship dinner, July 5, 1927 at the Hotel Victoria in London, of Rusk's appearances, there are notes for newly appointed fellows prior to their departure for the U.S. The fellows were received by the Prince of rather than full text, and for some Wales the following day. appearances, neither notes nor text appears. he Rockefeller Archive Center This small collection complements T the administrative files will be pro- acquired a major portion of cessed at a later date, they can be the Rusk material that is maintained the Commonwealth Fund made available for research when as part of the archives of the Rocke- archives in 1986. This initial the Center is given advance notice feller Foundation. The Foundation deposit included fifty-five cubic feet of a researcher's interest. archives contain a relatively brief of administrative records and fellow- The Harkness Fellowship pro- officer's diary kept by Rusk, and corre- ship files from the Fund's Harkness gram followed the philanthropic spondence by and to him. The most Fellowship offices in New York and aims of Edward S. Harkness, his substantive correspondence appears London. These files comprise Series mother Anna M. Harkness, and his in numerous grant administration 20 of the Commonwealth Fund wife Mary. When the Common- (Record Group 1) and program and archives. Subsequent transfers of wealth Fund was established in policy (Record Group 3) files. This records, primarily fellowship files, 1918 in New York, its mandate documentation shows the founda- added another seventy cubic feet of was simply "to do something for the tion's president in many respects documents. Processing of the indi- welfare of mankind." Edward functioning as a first among equals, vidual fellowship files (Series 20.2) Harkness' fondness for the British often actively exchanging views with has been completed, and they are people and his desire to promote division officers and then making a open to researchers. The files are closer relationships between the final decision. arranged alphabetically by fellow U.S. and Great Britain stemmed Tom Rosenbaum and total 104 cubic feet. Although from his personal love of England's Archivist 13 The Rockefeller Collection News traditions, particularly the treasures personal relationship the Fund insti- Abby Aldrich Rockefeller of the independent colleges at tuted with over 1,800 fellows. A Papers Rearranged Oxford and Cambridge. The fellow- typical file in Series 20.2 contains a ship program began in 1925 with fellow's application, his curriculum twenty fellowships for British gradu- A bby Aldrich Rockefeller vitae and letters of recommenda- (1874-1948), an important ate students to study in the United tion, his fellowship report, and philanthropist and art collec- States. According to the Fund's photographs. It was not unusual tor and a member of two prominent annual report for that year, the for fellows and officials at the American families, has been a program stemmed from the Commonwealth Fund to maintain central figure in a number of recent trustees' belief that "international correspondence for more than books, from Kathleen McCarthy's understanding can be provided in twenty years, and files often contain Women's Culture: American Philan- no more practicable way than family photographs, professional thropy and Art, 1830-1930 (1991) through the provision of interna- writings, and newspaper clippings to Bernice Kert's biography, Abby tional opportunities for education from fellows who succeeded in a Aldrich Rockefeller (1993) and Clarice and travel to young men and wide variety of fields. Such files Stasz's recent study of The Rockefeller women of outstanding character clearly demonstrate that close Women (1995). and ability." By helping potential and personal relationships were To facilitate the work of future British leaders become "familiar maintained by the Fund and the scholars, the Rockefeller Archive with the institutions, customs, and Harkness fellows. Center has recently reprocessed the ways of thinking" in the U.S., the The program guidelines required Abby Aldrich Rockefeller Papers, program would create "a force for that every fellow spend a significant 1858-1957 (16.4 cu. ft.), a sub- mutual understanding and good portion of the fellowship in travel, series of Record Group 2 in the feeling" which would in turn pro- an "obligation" highly prized by the Rockefeller Family archives. The mote "unity of thought and purpose fellows. Their travel experiences collection has been arranged into on the part of the two great English were an important educational seven series: Series I, Abby Aldrich speaking nations of the world." factor and lasting benefit, and were Rockefeller Correspondence; Series Over the years, a number of often praised in the reports the II, Personal Papers; Series III, Art changes in the original guidelines of fellows were required to submit Collections; Series IV, Philanthropy the program broadened the scope after their return home. Files; Series V, Aldrich/Greene Fam- of the fellowships. In 1929, the These fellowship reports, written ily Papers; Series VI, Death of Abby program also provided civil service from the viewpoint of a foreigner, Aldrich Rockefeller; and Series VII, fellowships to British subjects hold- provide tremendous insight into Chase Biography Files. ing posts in various overseas depart- American culture. Indeed, one The bulk of Abby Aldrich Rocke- ments of the British government. Harkness fellow based a career on feller's personal and professional This broadened eligibility to include such insights. "It changed my life," correspondence (1882-1957) is candidates from government service Alistair Cooke wrote of his fellow- located in Series I, Abby Aldrich in Australia and New Zealand. ship in literature shortly after Rockefeller Correspondence (boxes Eligibility was expanded again in completing it in 1932. Cooke's 1-9). Letters have been filed alpha- 1959 to include non-civil servants fellowship file consists of reports betically by correspondent. Major in New Zealand and Australia, and and correspondence (1932-1989) correspondents include Abby's eventually in 1960, applicants from that document his stay in the U.S. sister, Lucy Truman Aldrich, with Italy, France, Holland, Germany, and his eventual rise to fame with whom Abby corresponded at length Switzerland, and Norway were also the British Broadcasting Company. for thirty years; siblings Nelson, considered. Edward, Stuart, William, Richard, The records of the Harkness Susan Riviezzo Winthrop, and Elsie; and her six Fellowships reflect the close Project Archivist children. Abby's letters to her 14 University Collection News husband, John D. Rockefeller, Jr., ers Henri Matisse (two letters, are located in the John D. Rocke- 1932, 1933), Georgia O'Keefe, feller, Jr. Series in Record Group 2 Walter Pach, and Peter Blume. of the Rockefeller Family archives. Letters (1929-1937) from Eustache Abby's correspondence with her de Lorey of the Institut Francais brothers (Elsie Aldrich is not a pri- D'Archeologie et d'Art Musulmans mary correspondent) fills six folders. discuss recent exhibitions, various Letters reveal the friendly rapport pieces of Persian and Indian art, and mutual respect between the and modern pictures de Lorey envi- Aldrich siblings. They also provide sioned for the Museum of Modern information on Abby's occasional Art (MoMA) anonymous donations to projects in Also housed in Series I are Boston and Providence for which twenty-four folders of MoMA her brothers sought her support. correspondence (1929-1945, 1947). William, who was an architect in This is largely Abby's incoming Boston, shared Abby's aesthetic correspondence from museum staff interests and often recommended to relating to exhibitions and loans, her the purchase of paintings and personnel and financial matters, art furniture. therapy for World War II veterans, Among her children, Abby wrote and the modern art movement. most frequently to Winthrop Major correspondents include Rockefeller, especially during the Abby's financial adviser Arthur W. years of his army service (1941- Packard, MoMA Director Alfred 1945) in World War II. Letters Barr, MOMA president A. Conger (1916-1948) from her daughter Goodyear, Monroe Wheeler (Direc- Babs include passionate appeals tor of Exhibitions and Publications), to return home from summer camp Stephen C. Clark (Chairman of the and accounts of sightseeing in Board), Frances Hawkins (Secre- Europe with her aunt, Lucy tary), James T. Soby (Director of Truman Aldrich, in 1920-1921. Paintings and Sculpture), and The collection contains thirteen Abby Aldrich Rockefeller. John E. Abbott (Executive Vice letters (1887-1909, n.d.) to Abby President). Stephen Clark's moving from her mother, Abby Pearce impending changes: "Your letter tribute to Abby's moral leadership Chapman Aldrich. In a letter dated reminds me that very soon I shall of the museum during the war years March 8, 1897, her mother advises not be able to deal with you as a is housed in Series VII, Chase Biog- Abby against a visit to New York. little girl to be disposed of without raphy Files. "I do not wish Mamma Rockafeller consultation but that you will have Correspondence documenting [sic] to think you are chasing her to be treated with as a young lady, Abby's other philanthropies, espe- son," she wrote. Abby's letters to with wants and demands." cially the Bayway Community her mother are located in Series V. Other correspondents include Center project and the Y.M.C.A. There are thirteen letters (1887- Italianist Bernard Berenson, writing Housing Committee work, is 1914, n.d.) to Abby from her in 1927 from I Tatti; archaeologist located in Series IV, Philanthropy father, Nelson W. Aldrich. Some James Henry Breasted (1923, 1925- Files, together with annual benevo- are brief notes enclosed with checks; 1928, 1933), describing the newly lence reports (1917-1924, 1935- others display a rare sensitivity. In unearthed tomb of King Tutan- 1943). The General Office File an undated letter to his growing khamen; landscape architect (1909-1955), a correspondence file daughter, the Senator acknowledges Beatrice Farrand (1937), and paint- maintained by John D. Rockefeller, 15 Rockefeller University Collection News Jr.'s office staff, also contains infor- Art Institute of Chicago, and the Yellow Fever in the mation on Mrs. Rockefeller's chari- Cleveland Museum of Art. Anglo-Egyptian Sudan table activities. This correspon- Series V, housed in Box 27, dence is housed in Series I. contains the Aldrich and Greene (continued from page 4) Series II, Personal Papers, brings Family Papers (1858-1949). made for truly global medical together an assortment of personal Records are alphabetically arranged philanthropy. effects which were previously by type of material. The series The story of yellow fever in dispersed throughout the collection. consists largely of the correspon- Sudan also reminds us of the "imper- Files are alphabetically arranged by dence (1860-1913, n.d.) received ialism" of ambitious medical scien- type of material. There are two by Abby's mother, Abby Pearce tists, who ignored international volumes of diaries kept by Abby as Chapman Aldrich, who, though frontiers in their eagerness to follow a young student and debutante in born in Preston, Connecticut, was disease mysteries wherever they led. Providence (1892, 1893-1894); raised by the Duty Greene family of The increasingly sophisticated tech- seven thick tablets recording social Providence. Most of the correspon- nology at their disposal advanced engagements for the years 1894- dence is from the Greene and Pierce their scientific understanding, but 1898, 1900, and 1901; itineraries, families, Providence friends, and in its emphasis on laboratory tests, passports, and passenger lists for four of Abby Aldrich's children, also served to marginalize the European trips; invitations; wed- Lucy (1885, 1887-1902), Stuart patient's experience, or non-experi- ding books; and clippings relating (1885, 1887), William (1885, ence, of disease. The mouse protec- to Abby's marriage in 1901, the 1887, 1900), and Abby (1885- tion test could tell a doctor whether activities of her six children, and her 1913). There is one folder of a person had ever been infected by anti-war and prohibition work. correspondence from John D. the yellow fever virus. With the Series III, Art Collections, Rockefeller, Jr. (1901-1911) and dominance of medical science, what contains photograph inventories of two letters from Laura Spelman patients remembered about their the works of art donated, loaned, or Rockefeller (1901, 1903). medical history no longer mattered. sold by Abby Rockefeller. Files are Series VI, Death of Abby Aldrich alphabetically arranged by subject. Rockefeller, contains clippings, Information pertaining to the origi- condolences, and publicity files, Heather Bell is Rhodes Research Fellow nal purchase or acquisition of Abby alphabetically arranged by type of at St. Hilda's College, Oxford. She is Rockefeller's paintings, sculpture, material. Series VII, Chase Biogra- currently completing her doctoral thesis, decorative arts, Japanese and Chi- phy Files, includes John D. Rocke- "Medicine and Medical Science in the nese prints, and American folk art is feller, Jr.'s correspondence with Ango-Egyptian Sudan, 1899-1940," available in these albums, including Mary Ellen Chase, Abby's biogra- which explores the role that medicine provenance, dealer name, purchase pher, and with his office staff con- played within empire by examining colo- price, and date of sale or gift. The cerning the publication and distri- nial initiatives that ranged from the verso often holds commentary by bution of Abby Aldrich Rockefeller founding of modern research laboratories the dealer. Major gifts represented (1950). Chase's research materials to the retraining of traditional, illiterate in Series III include those to the include typed excerpts of Abby's midwives. She also is starting work on a Metropolitan Museum of Art, the correspondence and the original comparative history of yellow fever in Museum of Modern Art, the Rhode annotated typescript of the biog- Africa from 1880 to 1960, contrasting Island School of Design, Colonial raphy. French, British, and Belgian approaches Williamsburg, and other major to colonialism and disease. Address museums, such as the Fogg Art Valerie S. Komor inquiries to St. Hilda's College, Oxford, Museum at Harvard University, the Archivist UK 0X4 1DY, or to blbell@vax.ox.ac.uk. 16 Rockefeller University 1901 RAC News Twenty Years TABLE 1. MICROFORM COLLECTIONS of Service to Throughout its history, the Center Papers of John D. Rockefeller, Sr. Part 1 has sought to expand the use of Business Correspondence; Part 2: Scholarship its materials by making certain por- Business Investment Correspon- (continued from page 1) tions of the records commercially dence; Part 3: Office Correspon- available in microform to libraries dence; and Part 4: Index to the in the spring. The Center also has and research institutions. Scholarly John D. Rockefeller Letterbooks at joined with Fordham University Resources Inc. will begin work soon the Rockefeller Archive Center. Press to publish two collections of on new microfilm editions of an- Bethesda, Maryland: Univerisity letters from the Rockefeller Family other portion of General Education Publications of America, 1992. archives, edited by Dr. Ernst: "Dear Board records and a portion of the Father"/"D Correspondence The Russell Sage Foundation: Social Laura Spelman Rockefeller Memo- of John D. Rockefeller and John D. Research and Social Action in America, rial records. Interested researchers Rockefeller, Jr. (1994), and Worth- 1907-1947 (UPA Academic should contact the publisher about while Places: Correspondence of John D. Editions, an imprint of Congressional the availability of the following: Information Service, Inc., 1988). Rockefeller, Jr. and Horace M. Albright (1991). The General Education Board: The The William O. Inglis Interview with To promote and enhance schol- Early Southern Programs (Scholarly John D. Rockefeller, 1917-1920. arly use of the Center's collections, Resources, Inc., 1994). (Meckler Publishing, microfiche the staff has produced a number of The Rockefeller Foundation Archives, edition, 1984; two-volume book in-house publications that are made edition, 1989). Record Group 1.1 (Projects): Series available to researchers, such as the 600 (Asia) and Series 601 (China) The Bureau of Social Hygiene Project and subject surveys and the Index to the (Scholarly Resources, Inc., 1994). Research Files (Scholarly Resources John D. Rockefeller Letterbooks, 1877- Inc., 1980). 1918 (North Tarrytown, New York: The Rockefeller Archive Center, 1987), compiled by former TABLE 2. CONFERENCES AND PROCEEDINGS archivists Emily J. Oakhill and Since 1975, the Archive Center has Archive Center conferences include, Claire Collier. Most recently, sponsored or co-sponsored eighteen in reverse chronological order: volunteer Kyle Larson has helped major conferences on topics related the staff compile a new tool that "Critical Issues in American to its holdings, as well as smaller will enhance access to the correspon- conferences on archival practice. Nursing: Perspectives and Case dence in the John D. Rockefeller Studies," May 20-21, 1993. The most recent conference, Papers (see p. 5). Co-sponsor: The Foundation of "Philanthropy and Cultural The Center also facilitates schol- New York State Nurses Associa- Context: Western Philanthropy in arship by making portions of the tion, Inc. Funders: The Common- South, East and Southeast Asia in collections available in microform wealth Fund and the Charles E. the Twentieth Century," was held (see Table 1). It also has a strong Culpeper Foundation. Proceed- at the Archive Center on November tradition of bringing scholars to- ings: Critical Issues in American 3-4, 1994. This conference was or- gether to share their work at confer- Nursing in the Twentieth Century: ganized by Soma Hewa of Mount Perspectives and Case Studies, edited ences (see Table 2). As they Royal College and co-sponsored by by Darwin H. Stapleton and celebrate the Center's twenty years the Indiana University Center on Cathryne A. Welch (Guilderland, of service and its contributions to Philanthropy, with major funding New York: The Foundation of New scholarship, the Center's staff looks from the Ford Foundation. Dr. York State Nurses Association Inc., forward to continuing these tradi- Hewa is editing the proceedings 1994). tions. from this meeting. Other major (continued on page 18) 17 The Rockefeller University RAC News Table 2. CONFERENCES AND "Research and Education in Twenti- ence on American Economic Enter- PROCEEDINGS (continued from page 17) eth-Century China," May 21-23, prise, October 5-6, 1979. Proceed- 1984. Proceedings: John Z. ings: Joseph R. Frese and Jacob "Philanthropy in the African-Ameri- Bowers, J. William Hess, and Judd, eds. An Emerging Independent can Experience," September 24-26, Nathan Sivin, eds. Science and American Economy, 1815-1875. 1992. Organizer: Dr. Adrienne Medicine in Twentieth-Century China: (Tarrytown, New York: The Sleepy Lash Jones. Funder: The Rockefeller Research and Education (Ann Arbor: Hollow Press and the Rockefeller Foundation. The Center for Chinese Studies, the Archive Center, 1980). "Science, Philanthropy, and Latin University of Michigan, 1988). "Private Philanthropy and Public America: Cross-Cultural Encounters "Academic Medicine: Present and Elementary and Secondary Educa- in the Twentieth Century," Novem- Future," May 25-27, 1982. Pro- tion," June 8, 1979. Proceedings: ber 15, 1991. Co-sponsor: The ceedings: John Z. Bowers and Edith Gerald Benjamin, ed. Private Philan- Indiana University Center on Philan- E. King, eds. Academic Medicine: thropy and Public Elementary and Sec- thropy. Organizer: Dr. Marcos Present and Future (North Tarry- ondary Education. (North Tarrytown, Cueto. Proceedings: Missionaries of town, New York: The Rockefeller New York: The Rockefeller Archive Science: The Rockefeller Foundation and Archive Center, 1983). Center, 1980). Latin America (Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994). "Business and Government in the "Business Enterprise in Early New Twentieth Century," October 9-10, "Foundation Archives: Information, York: Its Beginnings, 1624-1812," 1981, Fourth Conference on Ameri- Conference on American Economic Access, and Research," January 9, can Economic Enterprise. Proceed- Enterprise, October 6-7, 1978. Pro- 1990. Co-sponsor: The Council on ings: Joseph R. Frese and Jacob ceedings: Joseph R. Frese and Jacob Foundations. Proceedings: Darwin Judd, eds. Business and Government: Judd, eds. Business Enterprise in Early H. Stapleton and Kenneth W. Rose, Essays in Twentieth-Century Coopera- New York. (Tarrytown, New York: eds. Establishing Foundation Archives: tion and Confrontation. (Tarrytown, The Sleepy Hollow Press and the A Reader and Guide to First Steps New York: The Sleepy Hollow Rockefeller Archive Center, 1979). (Washington, D.C.: Council on Press and the Rockefeller Archive Foundations, 1991), containing Center, 1985). "The Art of Giving," October 14, papers presented at the conference 1977. Proceedings: The Art of and additional essays by the Center's "Conference on the History of Nurs- Giving: Four Views on American archivists offering advice on begin- ing," May 22-23, 1981. Proceed- Philanthropy. (North Tarrytown, ning archival practice. ings: Ellen Condliffe Lagemann, ed. New York: The Rockefeller Archive Nursing History: New Perspectives, Center, 1979). "Children at Risk in America," New Possibilities (New York: May 25-27, 1988. Organizer: Teacher's College Press, 1983). "Trends in Biomedical Research, Dr. Roberta Wollons. Funders: The 1901-1976," December 10, 1976. Edward W. Hazen Foundation, the "Industrialization, Expansion and Proceedings: Trends in Biomedical Rockefeller Brothers Fund, and the the Law, 1870-1914," Third Research, 1901-1976. (North Tarry- Rockefeller Family Fund. Proceed- Conference on American Economic town, New York: The Rockefeller ings: Roberta Wollons, ed. Children Enterprise, October 10-11, 1980. Archive Center, 1977). at Risk in America. (Albany: State Proceedings: Joseph R. Frese and University of New York Press, 1992). Jacob Judd, eds. American Industri- "The Scholar's Right to Know "International Conference on alization, Economic Expansion, and the Versus the Individual's Right to Law. (Tarrytown, New York: The Privacy," December 5, 1975. Pro- Documentary Editing in the Sleepy Hollow Press and the Rocke- ceedings: The Scholar's Right to Know History of Science and Technology," feller Archive Center, 1981). versus the Individual's Right to Privacy. April 11-14, 1985. Proceedings pub- (North Tarrytown, New York: The lished in The British Journal for the His- "Establishing an Independent Econ- Rockefeller Archive Center, 1976). tory of Science. Vol. 20, part 1, no. 64 omy, 1815-1870," Second Confer- (January 1987). 18 The Rockefeller University Recent Articles and Books I n the past year the staff of the Buettler, Fred W. "Morals and Bynum, W.F. "Sir George New- Rockefeller Archive Center has Ethics in the Education of a Trustee: man and the American Way." In learned that the following pub- Chester I. Barnard at the Rockefeller Clio Medica: The History of Medical lished works make use of materials Foundation." In Richard C. Turner, Education in Britain. Ed. by Vivian located in the Center's holdings: ed., Taking Trusteeship Seriously: Nutton and Roy Porter. (1995), Articles Essays on the History, Dynamics and pp. 37-50. Practice of Trusteeship. Indianapolis: Abel, Christopher. "External Phi- Cahan, Emily D. "Science, Practice, Indiana University Center on Philan- lanthropy and Domestic Change in and Gender Roles in Early Ameri- thropy, 1995, pp. 9-21. Colombian Health Care: The Role can Child Psychology." In Contempo- of the Rockefeller Foundation, ca. Buxton, William J. "From Radio rary Constructions of the Child: Essays Research to Communications Intelli- 1920-1950." Hispanic American His- in Honor of William Kessen, ed. by torical Review 75: 3 (August 1995), gence: Rockefeller Philanthropy, Frank K. Kessel, Marc H. Bornstein pp. 339-376. Communications Specialists, and the and Arnold Sameroff. Hillsdale, American Intelligence Community." New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Acland, Charles R. and William J. In The Political Influence of Ideas: Pol- Associates, 1991, pp. 225-249. Buxton. "Continentalism and icy Communities and the Social Sciences, Philanthropy: A Rockefeller Offi- Cotter, Joseph. "The Origins of the edited by Alain-G. Gagnon and cer's Impressions of the Humanities Green Revolution in Mexico: Conti- Stephen Brooks. Westport, Con- in the Maritimes, 1942." Acadiensis nuity or Change?" In David Ruk, necticut, 1994, pp. 187-209. 23: 2 (Spring 1994), pp. 72-93. ed., Latin America in the 1940s: War Buxton, William J. "The Political and Postwar Transitions. Berkeley: Ahrens, Edward H. Jr. "The Birth Economy of Communications Re- University of California Press, 1994, of Patient-Oriented Research as a search." With commentary by pp. 224-247. Science (1911)," Perspectives in Gertrude J. Robinson. In Informa- Biology and Medicine 38:4 (Summer Cotter, Joseph. "Salinas de tion and Communication in Economics, 1995), pp. 548-553. Gortari's Agricultural Policy and edited by Robert E. Babe. Boston/ Scientific Exchange: Some Lessons Akami, Tomoko. "The Rise and Dordrecht/London: Kluwer, 1994, from Before and During the Green Fall of a 'Pacific Sense': The Experi- pp. 147-175. Revolution." In David Levey and ment of the Institute of Pacific Buxton, William J. "Private Wealth Enrique Ochoa, eds. Estado y Relations, 1925-1930." Journal of and Public Health: Rockefeller Agricultura en Mexico: Antecedentes e Shibusawa Studies, No. 7 (October Philanthropy and the Massachusetts- Implicaciones de las Reformas Salinistas. 1994), pp. 2-37. Halifax Relief Committee/Health Mexico, D.F.: UAM Azcapotzalco, Akami, Tomoko. "The Rise and Commission." In Ground Zero: A 1994, pp. 39-55. Fall of a 'Pacific Sense': The Experi- Reassessment of the 1917 Explosion in Doona, Mary Ellen. "Gertrude ment of the Institute of Pacific Rela- Halifax Harbour, ed. by Alan tions, 1925-1930." In Rediscovering Ruffman and Colin D. Howell. Weld Peabody: Unsung Patron of Public Health Nursing Education." the IPR: Proceedings of the First Halifax, Nova Scotia: Nimbus Nursing and Health Care 15: 2 International Research Conference on the Publishing Ltd. and Gorsebrook Re- Institute of Pacific Relations, edited search Institute for Atlantic Canada (February 1994), pp. 88-94. with an introduction by Paul F. Studies at Saint Mary's University, Doona, Mary Ellen et al. "Nursing Harper. Center for Arts & Humani- 1994, pp. 183-194. in Massachusetts during the Roar- ties Occasional Paper No. 2. ing Twenties." Historical Journal of Manoa, Hawaii: University of Massachusetts 23 (Summer 1995), Hawaii, 1994, pp. 10-32. pp. 133-165. 19 The Rockefeller University Recent Articles and Books Fantini, Bernardino. "Anophelism Hine, Darlene Clark. "The Intersec- Komor, Valerie. "The Rockefeller without Malaria: An Ecological and tion of Race, Class and Gender in Archive Center." [In Russian] Epidemiological Puzzle." Parassitolo- the Nursing Profession. "In Critical Otechtestvennie Archivi (No. 1, 1995), gia, 36, nos. 1-2 (August 1994) Issues in American Nursing in the pp. 108-109. [Special Issue: "Malaria and Eco- Twentieth Century: Perspectives and Macrakis, Kristie. "Exodus der systems: Historical Aspects"], Case Studies, edited by Darwin H. Wissenshaftler aus der Kaiser- pp. 83-106. Stapleton and Cathryne A. Welch. Wilhelm-Gesellschaft." In Exodus Guilderland, New York: The Farley, John. "Mosquitoes or Foundation of the New York State von Wissenschaften aus Berlin: Malaria? Rockefeller Campaigns in Fragestellungen-Ergebnisse-Desiderate Nurses Association Inc., 1994, the American South and Sardinia." Entwicklungen vor und nach 1933. pp. 59-68. Parassitologia 36, nos. 1-2 (August Edited by Wolfram Fischer, Klaus 1994) [Special Issue: "Malaria and Hoffschwelle, Mary S. "Organizing Hierholzer, Michael Hubenstorf, Ecosystems: Historical Aspects"], Rural Communities for Change: Peter Th. Walther and Rolf Winau. pp. 165-173. The Commonwealth Fund Child Berlin: Walter de Gruyter, 1994, Health Demonstration in Ruther- pp. 267-283. Farley, John. "To Degree or Not to ford County, 1923-1927." Tennessee Degree: The International Health Division and the Toronto School of Historical Quarterly 53 (Fall 1994), Meldrum, Marcia L. "Christopher Tietze and the Statistical Evaluation pp. 154-165. Nursing." In Critical Issues in Ameri- of Fertility Control, 1959-1968," can Nursing in the Twentieth Century: James, Ellen. "In the Heart of the Bulletin of the History of Medicine 70:2 Perspectives and Case Studies, edited Asmat: Michael Rockefeller's (Summer 1996). by Darwin H. Stapleton and New Guinea Journals.' Destination Moberg, Carol L. "The Electron Cathryne A. Welch. Guilderland, Discovery, July 1995, pp. 12-19. New York: The Foundation of the Microscope Enters the Realm of the Katz, Frank F. "Theobald Smith New York State Nurses Association Intact Cell." Journal of Experimental and Animal Parasitology: High- Inc., 1994, pp. 91-108. Medicine 181 (March 1995), pp. lights on an Anniversary." Veterinary 829-837. Greenspan, Anders. "How Philan- Heritage: Bulletin of the American thropy Can Alter Our View of the Veterinary History Society 17:2 Murard, Lion and Patrick Zylber- man. "Les Rockefeller Medicine Past: A Look at Colonial Williams- (December 1994), pp. 63-71. Men en France (1917-1923)." In burg." Voluntas 5: 2 (August King, Bruce. "West Indian Drama Americanisme et Modernité: L'idéal 1994), pp. 193-203. and the Rockefeller Foundation, américain dans l'architecture, ed. by Hagan, Jeff. "Rockefeller's Legacy: 1957-70: Derek Walcott, the Little J.-L. Cohen and H. Damisch. Paris: John D.'s riches helped build Cleve- Carib and the University of the EHESS and Flammarion, 1993, land industrially, charitably and West Indies." The Massachusetts Re- pp. 267-282. recreationally." Cleveland Plain view 35 nos. 3-4 (Autumn-Winter Dealer Sunday Magazine, December 1994), pp. 493-508. Murard, Lion and Patrick Zylber- man. "La Mission Rockefeller en 25, 1994, pp. 12-15. Kingsley, Sidney. "Why I Didn't France et la Création du Comité Hall, Peter Dobkin. "Theories Write This Play: Sidney Kingsley National de Défense contre la and Institutions." Nonprofit and on J. Robert Oppenheimer." The Tuberculose (1917-1923)." [The Voluntary Sector Quarterly 24: 1 New Theater Review No. 11 (Fall Rockefeller Mission in France and (Spring 1995), pp. 5-13. 1994), pp. 17-21. [Transcript of a the Creation of the National Com- lecture delivered at The Rockefeller mittee for Defense Against Tuberu- University, December 1, 1972, and losis] Revue d'Histoire Moderne et preserved on tape in the Rockefeller Contemporaine 34 (April-June 1987), University Archives.) pp. 257-281 20 The Rockefeller University Recent Articles and Books Murard, Lion and Patrick Zylber- man. "L'autre Guerre (1914-1918): International Health Organizations Moulin, Anne Marie. "The La Santé Publique en France sous and Movements, 1918-1939, Pasteur Institutes between the l'oeil de l'Amerique." [The Other edited by Paul Weindling Two World Wars: The Transfor- War: Public Health in France (New York and Cambridge: mation of the International Under the Eye of America] Revue Cambridge University Press, Sanitary Order," pp. 244-265. Historique No. 560 (October- 1995) contains ten essays that December 1986), pp. 367-397. cite collections at the RAC. Rafferty, Anne Marie. "Interna- These include: tionalising Nursing Education Nunn, G. Raymond. "Institute of during the Interwar Period," Pacific Relations: U.S. and Canadian Balinska, Marta Aleksandra. pp. 266-282. Resource Guide." In Rediscovering the "Assistance and Not Mere Relief: IPR: Proceedings of the First Interna- Thomson, Mathew. "Mental The Epidemic Commission of the tional Research Conference on the Insti- Hygiene as an International League of Nations, 1920-1923," tute of Pacific Relations, edited with Movement," pp. 283-304. pp. 81-108. an introduction by Paul F. Harper. Towers, Bridget. "Red Cross Or- Center for Arts & Humanities Cueto, Marcos. "The Cycles of Eradication: The Rockefeller ganisational Politics, 1918-1922: Occasional Paper No. 2. Manoa, Relations of Dominance and the Hawaii: University of Hawaii, 1994, Foundation and Latin American Influence of the United States," pp. 106-109. Public Health, 1918-1940," pp. 36-55. pp. 222-243. Ortoll, Servando. "Isabel Kelly a Weindling, Paul. "Introduction: Su Paso por Colima." In Transforma- Dubin, Martin David. "The Constructing International Health ciones Mayores en el Occidente de Mexico, League of Nations Health Between the Wars," pp. 1-16. ed. by Ricardo Avila Palafox. Organisation," pp. 56-80. Guadalajara, Mexico: Universidad Weindling, Paul. "Social Medicine Farley, John. "The International de Guadalajara, 1994, pp. 235-252. Health Division of the Rocke- at the League of Nations Health Packard, R.M. and P. Gadelha. "A feller Foundation: The Russell Organisation and the Interna- tional Labour Office Compared," Land Filled with Mosquitoes: Fred Years, 1920-1934," pp. 203-221. pp. 134-153. L. Soper, the Rockefeller Founda- tion, and the Anopheles Gambiae Invasion of Brazil." Parassitologia 36, nos. 1-2 (August 1994) [Special Business Curriculum." Journal of Busi- Ryan, Lori Verstegen and William Issue: "Malaria and Ecosystems: ness Ethics 14 (1995), pp. 769-779. G. Scott. "Ethics and Organiza- tional Reflection: The Rockefeller Historical Aspects"], pp. 197-213. Reingold, Nathan. "Choosing the Foundation and Postwar 'Moral Parsons, Kermit C. "Collaborative Future: The U.S. Research Commu- Deficits, 1942-1954." Academy of Genius: The Regional Planning nity, 1944-1946." Historical Studies Management Review 20: 2 (1995), Association of America." Journal of in the Physical and Biological Sciences pp. 438-461. the American Planning Association 60 25:2 (1995), pp. 301-328. (Autumn 1994), pp. 462-482. Siegmund-Schultze, Reinhard. Rosen, Lawrence. "The Creation of "Scientific Control' in Mathemati- Paul, Karen and Peter Dobkin Hall. the Uniform Crime Report: The Role of Social Science." Social Science cal Reviewing and German-U.S.- "The Influence of the JDR 3rd Fund American Relations between the on Business and Society: Incorporating History 19:2 (Summer 1995), pp. Two World Wars." Historia Mathe- Corporate Social Responsibility in the 215-238. matica 21 (1994), pp. 306-329. 21 The Rockefeller University 1901 Recent Articles and Books Soloway, Richard A. "The 'Perfect chusetts: The Architectural History John D. Rockefeller and John D. Rocke- Contraception': Eugenics and Birth Foundation and the MIT Press, feller, Jr. New York: Fordham Uni- Control Research in Britain and 1994. versity Press in cooperation with the America in the Interwar Years." Rockefeller Archive Center, 1994. Bland, Sidney R. Preserving Journal of Contemporary History 30:4 Charleston's Past, Shaping Its Future: Gamble, Vanessa Northington. (October 1995), pp. 637-664. The Life and Times of Susan Pringle Making a Place for Ourselves: The Stapleton, Darwin H. "Archival Frost. Contributions in American Black Hospital Movement, 1920- Sources and the Study of American Studies, Number 105. Westport, 1945. New York: Oxford Univer- Philanthropy." Nonprofit Manage- Connecticut: Greenwood Press, sity Press, 1995. ment and Leadership 5 (Winter 1994. Grant, H. Roger. Erie Lackawanna: 1994), pp. 221-224. Castro-Santos, Luiz A. and Lina Death of an American Railroad, 1938- Stapleton, Darwin H. "A Success Rodrigues de Faria. Arquivo Rocke- 1992. Stanford, California: for Science or Technology? The feller: Banco de Dados. Rio de Janeiro: Stanford University Press, 1994. Rockefeller Foundation's Role in Instituto de Medicina Social, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Greene, John Robert. The Presidency Malaria Eradication in Italy, 1924- of Gerald R. Ford. Lawrence: Univer- 1935." Medicine Nei Secoli: Arte Janeiro, 1995. sity Press of Kansas, 1995. Scienza 6 (1994), pp. 213-228. Chauncey, George. Gay New York: Gender, Urban Culture, and the Grob, Gerald. The Mad Among Us: Vessuri, Hebe M.C. "Foreign Scien- tists, the Rockefeller Foundation Making of the Gay Male World, 1890- A History of the Care of America's Mentally Ill. New York: The Free and the Origins of Agricultural 1940. New York: Basic Books, Press, 1994. Science in Venezuela." Minerva 32 1994. (Autumn 1994), pp. 267-296. Hammack, David C. and Stanton Colby, Gerard with Charlotte Wheeler. Social Science in the Mak- Dennet. Thy Will Be Done: The Con- Books and Dissertations ing: Essays on the Russell Sage Founda- quest of the Amazon: Nelson Rockefeller tion, 1907-1972. New York Agoratus, Steven. "The Core of and Evangelism in the Age of Oil. Russell Sage Foundation, 1994. New York: HarperCollins, 1995. Progressivism: Research Institutions and Social Policy, 1907-1940." Cotter, Joseph. "Before the Green Heckscher, August. The Harbor Ph.D. dissertation, Carnegie-Mellon Club: A History. Seal Harbor, Maine: Revolution: Mexican Agricultural The Harbor Club, 1995. University, 1994. Policy, 1920-1949." Ph.D. disserta- Balinska, Marta Aleksandra. Une tion, University of California, Santa Herman, Ellen. The Romance of Vie Pour l'Humanitaire: Ludwik Barbara, 1993. American Psychology: Political Culture Rajchman, 1881-1965. [The Life of Craig, Lois. The Image of Boston: Per- in the Age of Experts. Berkeley: Uni- a Humanitarian]. Paris: Décou- ception and Change in the Modern City. versity of California Press, 1995. verte, 1995. Cambridge: The Massachusetts Hershberg, James G. James B. Institute of Technology, 1995. Conant: Harvard to Hiroshima and Berkowitz, Edward D. Mr. Social Security: The Life of Wilbur J. Cohen. Dahrendorf, Ralf. LSE: A History of the Making of the Nuclear Age. Lawrence: University Press of the London School of Economics and New York: Knopf, 1993. Kansas, 1995. Political Science, 1895-1995. New Hewa, Soma. Colonialism, Tropical Betsky, Aaron. James Gamble Rogers York: Oxford University, 1995. Disease and Imperial Medicine: Rocke- and the Architecture of Pragmatism. Ernst, Joseph W., editor. "Dear feller Philanthropy in Sri Lanka. New York and Cambridge, Massa- Father"/"Dear Son": Correspondence of Lanham, Maryland: University Press of America, Inc., 1995. 22 University Recent Articles and Books Horowitz, Helen Lefkowitz. The 1946-1969." Ph.D. dissertation, Rockefeller (1915-1930)." [A Pio- Power and Passion of M. Carey SUNY Stony Brook, 1994. neering Phase of Sanitary Reform in Thomas. New York: Alfred A. Brazil: The Performance of the Monnier, Victor. William E. Knopf, 1994. Rappard: Défenseur des libertés, serviteur Rockefeller Foundation]. Ph.D. dis- King, Bruce. Derek Walcott and de son pays et de la communauté interna- sertation, Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Medicina Social, 1994. West Indian Drama. New York: tionale. [William E. Rappard: De- Oxford University Press, 1995. fender of Liberty, Servant of Rossiter, Margaret W. Women Scien- His Country and the International Kletke, Daniel. Der Kreuzgang aus tists in America Before Affirmative St.-Guilbem-le-Désert in The Cloisters Community] Paris: Edition Action, 1940-1972. Baltimore and Champion, 1995. in New York. [The Altar of St.- London: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995. Guilhem-le-Désert]. Berlin: Verlag Neushul, Peter. "Science, Technol- Dr. Köster, 1995. (Ph.D. disserta- ogy and the Arsenal of Democracy: Schenkel, Albert F. The Rich Man tion, Technische Universität Berlin, Production Research and Develop- and the Kingdom: John D. Rockefeller, 1994.) ment during World War II." Ph.D. Jr. and the Protestant Establishment. Minneapolis, Minnesota: Fortress Press, 1995. Seitz, Frederick. On the Frontier: My Life in Science. New York: American Institute of Physics Press, 1994. Sellers, Christopher. "Manufactur- ing Disease: Experts and the Ailing American Worker," Ph.D. disserta- tion, Yale University, 1992. Sinha, Jagdish N. "Science Policy of the British in India during the Second World War," Ph.D. disser- tation, University of Delhi, 1994. Two scenes of life in China in the 1920s from the rich collection of more than 1,400 photographic images recorded by Conrad W. Anner (1899-1960), who supervised architectural work on the Peking Union Stasz, Clarice. The Rockefeller Medical College for the Rockefeller Foundation from 1919 until 1930. Women: Dynasty of Piety, Privacy, and Service. New York: St. Martin's Mark, Joan. The King of the World in dissertation, University of California, Press, 1995. the Land of the Pygmies. Lincoln and Santa Barbara, 1993. Thiriez, Régine. "Les Photographes London: University of Nebraska Prescott, Heather M. "A Doctor Occidentaux des Palais Europeens Press, 1995. of Their Own': The Emergence of du Yuanmingyuan, 1860-1925" Mazumdar, Pauline M.H. Species Adolescent Medicine as a Clinical [Western Photographers of and Specificity: An Interpretation of the Sub-specialty, 1904-1980." Ph.D. the European Palaces of the Yuan- History of Immunology. New York: dissertation, Cornell University, mingyuan, 1860-1925]. Ph.D. Cambridge University Press, 1994. 1992. dissertation, Etudes Historiques et Philologiques, Ecole Pratique des Meldrum, Marcia L. "Departures Rodrigues de Faria, Lina. "A Fase Hautes Etudes, at the Sorbonne, from the Design': The Randomized Pioneira da Reforma Sanitária no 1994. Clinical Trial in Historical Context, Brasil: A Atuacao da Fundacao 23 Rockefeller University Selected RAC Publications Guides and Surveys Subject surveys of sources at the Please put a check beside any guides and The staff of the Rockefeller Archive Rockefeller Archive Center include: surveys you would like to order and return Center has prepared a number a copy of this page, along with your address, Child Studies (1988), 86 pp. of descriptive guides and subject to the Rockefeller Archive Center. surveys as introductions to the Labor and Industrial Relations There is a $3.00 charge for each Center's holdings. The guides 2nd edition (1989), 47 pp. publication ordered, and a $2.00 provide a general description of Nursing (1987; revised 1990), postage and handling fee. each collection, and the surveys list 60 pp. by box and folder headings materi- Checks should be made payable to: als in the Center's holdings related Psychiatry and Related Areas (1985), The Rockefeller University. to specific subjects. The following 107 pp. publications are available: Quantity X $3.00 $ The Transfer of Western Science, Medicine, and Technology to China Postage and Handling + 2.00 A Guide to Archives and During the Republican Period Total enclosed $ Manuscripts at the Rockefeller (1989), 34 pp. Archive Center (1989), 77 pp., indexed. Laurence A. Schneider, "Using the Rockefeller Archives Note: The Rockefeller Archive Center also has published A Survey of Sources at the Rockefeller Archive Center for Photograph Collections in the for Research on Modern Chinese the Study of African-American History and Race Rela- Rockefeller Archive Center (1986), 37 Natural Science," Chinese Science 7 tions (1993), which is available for $12.00 from the Indiana pp., indexed. University Center on Philanthropy, 550 West North Street, (December 1986), pp. 25-31. Suite 301, Indianaplolis, Indiana 46202-3162 Rockefeller Archive Center Non-Profit Organization 15 Dayton Avenue U.S. Postage PAID Pocantico Hills Permit 6 North Tarrytown, New York 10591-1598 Tarrytown, NY Telephone: (914) 631-4505 The Rockefeller Archive Center Newsletter is an annual fall publication of the Rockefeller Archive Center. Edited by Erwin Levold and Ken Rose, it is intended to highlight the diverse range of subjects covered in the collections at the Center and to promote scholarship in the history of philanthropy. If you wish to receive future RAC newsletters and an "R" does not appear to the right of your name, please return your mailing label to the RAC. We have tried to eliminate duplicate labels from the various mailing lists we use. Should you receive more than one copy of the RAC Newsletter, please pass one along to an inter- ested colleague. 8 This newsletter is printed on acid-free paper 8 Design: Mitelman & Associates Ltd., Tarrytown, NY THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2001 MB RE 7 Streetscapes/Rockefeller University, 62nd to 68th Streets Along the East River From a Child's Death Came a Medical Institute's Birth tered toward the East River side of the The university, in its campus until the 1950's, when Wallace Har- rison of Harrison & Abramovitz designed centennial year, several new buildings for staff apartments, offices and private house for the president. continues to expand. Harrison also designed the distinctive Ca- spary Auditorium, the domed meeting hall close to York Avenue, which was originally covered in blue mosaic tile. By CHRISTOPHER GRAY In 1963 the institute's president, Detlev N 1901 John D. Rockefeller's first grand- Bronk, threatened to leave all the new build- child, John Rockefeller McCormick, died ings behind. The New York City Transit of scarlet fever at age 3. Four months Authority had planned to build a new sub- later, Rockefeller decided to found an insti- way tunnel to Queens under 64th Street, and tute devoted to research in medicine. With Bronk said the tunnel would disturb sensi- Rockefeller University in its centennial tive testing equipment. A year later the city year, its campus near the East River from rerouted the tunnel to 63rd Street. 62nd to 68th Streets shows evidence of three In 1965 the institute changed its name to building campaigns, and it continues to Rockefeller University. grow. The 15-acre site is visible to passersby through its high iron fence, but it is open to HE third period of building began in the public only once a year, for a single day the 1970's, when Rockefeller Universi- in May. ty got permission to roof over the Although factories overran much of the F.D.R. Drive. So far, only two structures East River shoreline in the late 19th centu- have been built over the Drive, the Scholars ry, the clifftop stretch from 64th to 67th Residence (1987), south of 63rd Street, and Street offered poor water access and was the Rockefeller Research Building (1992), north of 64th. not developed. Period photographs show open, uneven ground, used by an athletic Although New York Hospital and the Hos- club, with a few frame houses and an old Rockefeller University Archives pital for Special Surgery have completely chapel. covered over their frontage above 68th Looking east along 66th Street, Rockefeller left his position as active Street - what had been a sunny, open head of the Standard Oil empire in the above, in 1916 toward Rockefeller boulevard of city views - Rockefeller Uni- 1890's to devote his life to philanthropy. His Institute, showing original build- versity's portion is still generally open. adviser, Frederick T. Gates, had been urg- Now the architects Hellmuth, Obata & ing, center, and hospital, to the ing him to create something in the medical Kassabaum are renovating and expanding field and, after the death of his grandson, right. The old hospital building is the Rockefeller University hospital building. Rockefeller pledged $200,000 for what was being renovated and expanded. The construction scaffolding is visible from initially known as the Rockefeller Institute far west on 65th Street. The plans call for of Medical Research His son, John D. restoring the peculiar metal and glass mar- Rockefeller Jr., guided much of the plan- craggy retaining wall is still a familiar quee of 1910, and also adding two floors on feature on the Franklin D. Roosevelt Drive. ning. an adjacent wing, for laboratory and me- At the time, American medical research Flexner's staff included Hideyo Noguchi, chanical spaces. was a sometime thing. One institute trustee a Japanese-born bacteriologist, and the Kenneth Drucker, the designer director was Dr. Christian Herter, a leading medical Frenchman Alexis Carrel, who became the for the project, says the firm is modeling the researcher; Herter worked out of a labora- institute's first Nobel Prize winner, for expanded portions after the older building, tory he had built in his home at 819 Madison transplant research, in 1912. (Over the not stone for stone, but by keeping the Avenue, near 68th Street. (His nephew, also years, the institute's Nobel laureates have materials in the same palette the buff of Christian Herter, was appointed Secretary included Gunter Blobel in 1999 for research the older limestone, the light orange-brown of State by President Dwight D. Eisenhower on protein signals, and Paul Greengard in of the brick and the distinctive dark red of in 1959.) 2000 for research on the brain and the the metal roofs. At first the institute gave away grants nervous system.) The architects have also prepared a lat- and conducted research in makeshift quar- Flexner also hired the bacteriological re- eral expansion plan for the hospital, bring- Halebian for The New York Times ters at 50th Street and Lexington Avenue searcher Paul de Kruif in 1920, but Flexner ing it up to the line of the F.D.R. Drive. Jim An outbreak of meningitis in the winter of dismissed him in 1922 - de Kruif's 1922 64th to 67th Streets. (Over the years, the balconies so patients could be wheeled out Stallard, a spokesman for the university, 1904-05 led the institute's first director, Dr. spoof, "Our Medicine Men," satirized institution expanded north and south.) even in beds for fresh air. said that at the moment there are no plans Simon Flexner, to develop a serum to fight Rockefeller Institute personnel too closely. to build out farther over the Drive. the disease. The first building opened in 1906, at the The first buildings were set well back De Kruif later assisted Sinclair Lewis on The Rockefeller University grounds are The trustees, headed by Gates, soon be- head of a long drive at the foot of 66th Street, from the city proper, behind a tall fence and Lewis's 1925 novel, "Arrowsmith," itself open to the public only once a year, on what gan looking at building sites. After consider- followed in 1910 by a hospital and other large planted grounds from what is now based loosely on the institute. De Kruif's the university calls Spring Neighborhood small block from 57th to 58th Streets buildings, variously designed by York & York Avenue. Perched high above the East own 1926 book about medical research, "Mi- Day. This year the day is Saturday, May 19, fronting on the East River, Rockefeller gave Sawyer and Shepley, Rutan Coolidge. Ear- River, the buildings had panoramic views crobe Hunters," is still in print. when anyone can stroll around the cam- money to buy the riverfront parcel from ly photographs show the hospital with open over the water and to Queens. The massive, The institute's buildings remained clus- pus. 8 RE MB THE NEW YORK TIMES, SUNDAY, FEBRUARY 25, 2001 The Rental Season for Summer Is Staying Hot Continued From Page 1 center hall colonial with pool and sunken tennis court in Sagaponack, which he has listed at $135,000 for the season. "He has bought two other lots with the same intention," Mr. Flagg said. "He will have spent $1.6 million per house by the time he's finished and will get $125,000 to $150,00 each per season, so as an investment he is making 10 percent. He exemplifies confidence in the rental market." How long rentals will continue to be im- pervious to the gyrations of the stock mar- ket, the demise of many dot-coms and the spreading wave of layoffs remains to be seen. But, for now at least, three months before Memorial Day, brokers up and down the East Coast from Kennebunkport, Me., to Kiawah Island, S.C., say they have sensed no surge in the number of owners seeking to recover from economic setbacks by renting out their houses nor any resistance among tenants to asking prices. In fact, demand Chris Ramirez for The New York Times Maxine Hicks for The New has risen since last summer in many com- munities, and houses are being snapped up Garrison, N.Y.: 4-bedroom, 2-bath guesthouse on 2.25 acres; pool, North Haven, Long Island: 5-bedroom, 51/2-bath new house on 1.8 acres; faster. fireplace, river view; $25,000 for the season. conservatory, library, pool, 3 fireplaces; $200,000 for season. "What is happening defies logic," said Jeff Akers, the general manager of Kiawah Island Villa Resorts, which handles rentals But, she continued: "If someone came to ings and have rented the majority of those. short rentals then," Mr. Keeshan said. opting to rent them in the opposite season." of 550 homes and condominiums on the me now and said they wanted to spend Now I have a few things that are within six People who prefer inland countryside set- There are a number of programs that barrier beach island off the coast of South $50,000 for a four-bedroom house with air- blocks of the beach but not much else. And tings to the beach may find more meager draw tourists to the White Mountains who Carolina near Charleston. "Last year was conditioning, a heated pool and tennis court, the few seasonal rentals we get, maybe 15 a choices. subsequently become regular renters, Mr. flat or maybe just a little bit up, but this I would say the few houses like that are summer, were gone by the first week in "We do rentals on a limited basis because Collier said. year the forecast is terrific. Right now rent- already gone. For $50,000 we could probably January. Normally that is not true until there are not a lot of them available," Mr. Among the events he cited: the Inside Out als are running 20 to 25 percent ahead of last get them a tennis court and three bedrooms February." Battistoni said about northern Dutchess and Soul Festival, which is a Christian rock year, and when you read the papers, you or no tennis court and four bedrooms. Of By contrast, it is still early in the hunting southern Columbia Counties. "People who music festival; a Chevrolet Corvette rally; wonder why.' course, there would be a pool at both.' season in areas like Dutchess and Columbia own properties here own them to use them a trained bear show; and the New Hamp- On Nantucket, Craig Hawkins, a broker On Long Beach Island off the New Jersey Counties in New York. during the summer. At the moment, there is shire Highland Games, which bring some with Maury People, a Resort Quest compa- shore, John Franzoni, owner of Oceanside Kevin Battistoni, principal broker with SO little rental inventory that it is scary." 60,000 people of Scottish ancestry for cultur- ny and a Sotheby's affiliate, which has more Realty, which has offices in Harvey Cedars Leigh Ponvert Real Estate, a Christie's When houses are available, he said, they and Surf City, offered much the same as- al and athletic events, including the tossing than 1,000 rental houses on its roster, said affiliate, which has offices in Millbrook and tend to run from a low of $15,000 for the sessment. of the caber, a large log. the gross value of rentals had already out- Rhinebeck, N.Y., did not get many inquiries season to as much as $50,000, but the larger stripped those of last year by $100,000. "It's not true that everything is gone," he "Every time you get a new feature like until about two weeks ago. properties with acres of rolling grounds are said. "I might not be able to get you the that, you bring people to the area who have "Last year at this time we were at "The weather was an inhibition to people rarely put up for rent. $1,831,245," he said. "This year we are at oceanfront you want for the price you want not been here before, and then they tend to who want to come north and not a lot of Farther south on the Hudson River, Nora $1,935,120.' in the first week in August, but the good return," he said. people look in the dead of winter," he said. Preusser, president of A. D. Preusser Real see no indication whatsoever of a slow- houses are not all gone and we continue to Estate in Garrison, Putnam County, said: Noting that the average stay in his corner Of course, a good number of renters forgo down and if we have a recession, rentals will get new authorizations as the season goes "We have very few summer rentals, and of New Hampshire is six days, Mr. Collier looking altogether, in particular those who continue to chug along full speed," he said. on." rerent houses they have already occupied or many of what we have are repeat custom- said the most expensive accommodation "They carried this and other companies In a typical year, Mr. Franzoni said: "We who rely on the Internet for photographs ers. If people don't buy, they just continue to would be a four-bedroom house with sleep- through the last recession. People still go on do about 2,500 leases, with the average lease and description. rent. There are less than a dozen houses ing space for 10 to 12 people at $1,469 a week. vacation." for two weeks. We have an enormous range available, and people are looking at them The least expensive would be a town house in rentals, from a two-bedroom duplex in a N fact, brokers agree that the uncertain two-family home on the bay side of Surf City R EPEAT business is thriving in Mon- right now." with a master bedroom and sleeping loft for tauk at the eastern tip of Long Island, Nor is there much to buy. "You have to $729 a week. economy is helping to fuel the rental for $1,000 a week to a six-bedroom house where John Keeshan who has been in wait for someone to die, divorce or change "We limit reservations to no more than a market as prospective buyers wait to see with a pool on the beach in Loveladies for business for 30 years said: "Almost every houses," she said. Rentals in Garrison year ahead, and people start booking then," what will happen to their portfolios or de- $30,000 a week." rental that has been taken by one family for range from $4,000 a month for what Ms. he said. "We probably have about 40 percent cide that renting offers a good holding pat- On Long Island's North Fork, Ms. Hahn the last two years has been rerented by the Preusser described as "an average Ameri- of the 240 homes we list booked SO far, so tern until sales prices decline. had a varied selection of houses to show a same family. All we have to do is call the can home" - three bedrooms on two acres there is still space left." "If the sales market takes a downturn, visitor recently as she drove around the tenant from last year, who says, 'Yes, send with no pool - to $75,000 to $90,000 a season that means more people will be renting," nautical environs of Orient and Greenport me the lease and I'll send you the check.' for four bedrooms with pool, tennis court N Manchester, Vt., Chester Kasnowski, said Andrew Hart, managing broker in the and the farmlands and vineyards of Cutch- But, he went on, "Fifty percent of the and river view. owner of CondoHome Rentals, who has East Hampton office of Cook Pony Farm, ogue. rentals for the season are still available at Farther north, as ski areas are increas- listings for 80 southern Vermont houses which has 11 offices spread over the Hamp- "The summer rental market is different prices ranging from $18,500 to $25,000. There ingly transformed into year-round destina- from restored farmhouses to cabins in the tons. "Judging by the leases I've seen com- every year, and you can't make predictions ing through, we're probably doing the same are also a few houses with pools on the until March," said Ms. Hahn, who owns tions, more houses and condos for up for woods, said the pace of inquiries he was Hahn Realty in Greenport and Marion R. ocean available by the month, starting at rent. volume of work as last year at this time and getting for summer rentals was stepping up. $100,000." have done more high-end rentals early. King Realty in Cutchogue. "With Presi- "No more than 15 percent of the homes "In February and March we get calls Mr. Beqaj said he had few properties on dent's weekend Procrastinators might find something as are used regularly by the owners," said Jim from retirees from Florida, who make a we are now start- late Fire Island to show clients. those ing the seeking Collier, of Loon Reservation Service straight track up here for July August and