Gilman, Davel C. 1831 1908 the the the and C the the the Form No. 10-300 (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM DATE ENTERED SEE INSTRUCTIONS IN HOW TO COMPLETE NATIONAL REGISTER FORMS TYPE ALL ENTRIES -- COMPLETE APPLICABLE SECTIONS 1 NAME HISTORIC Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home; "Over Edge" AND/OR COMMON "Over Edge" 2 LOCATION STREET & NUMBER Huntington Lane (private way off Huntington Road) NOT FOR PUBLICATION CITY, TOWN Northeast Harbor CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT (Mount Desert) VICINITY OF 2nd STATE CODE COUNTY CODE Maine 023 Hancock 009 3 CLASSIFICATION CATEGORY OWNERSHIP STATUS PRESENT USE DISTRICT PUBLIC OCCUPIED AGRICULTURE MUSEUM XX BUILDING(S) PRIVATE UNOCCUPIED COMMERCIAL PARK STRUCTURE BOTH WORK IN PROGRESS EDUCATIONAL PRIVATE RESIDENCE SITE PUBLIC ACQUISITION ACCESSIBLE ENTERTAINMENT RELIGIOUS OBJECT IN PROCESS YES: RESTRICTED GOVERNMENT SCIENTIFIC BEING CONSIDERED YES. UNRESTRICTED INDUSTRIAL TRANSPORTATION NO MILITARY OTHER: 4 OWNER OF PROPERTY NAME William L. Van Alen (c/o Carroll, Grisdale, and Van Alen, Architects) STREET & NUMBER 6 Penn Center Plaza CITY. TOWN STATE Philadelphia VICINITY OF Pennsylvania 5 LOCATION OF LEGAL DESCRIPTION COURTHOUSE Hancock Registry of Deeds REGISTRY OF DEEDS, ETC. STREET & NUMBER County Court House CITY. TOWN STATE Ellsworth Maine 6 REPRESENTATION IN EXISTING SURVEYS TITLE Inventory of Historic Assets DATE 1974 - FEDERAL STATE COUNTY LOCAL DEPOSITORY FOR SURVEY RECORDS Maine Histori reservation Commission CITY. TOWN STATE Augusta Maine 7 DESCRIPTION CONDITION CHECK ONE CHECK ONE XEXCELLENT DETERIORATED XXUNALTERED XXORIGINAL SITE _GOOD RUINS ALTERED _MOVED DATE _FAIR UNEXPOSED DESCRIBE THE PRESENT AND ORIGINAL (IF KNOWN) PHYSICAL APPEARANCE The Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, known as "Over Edge," stands east of Huntington Lane, a private way branching from Huntington Road in the village of Northeast Harbor at Mount Desert, Maine. The siting of the house on a high bluff above the western waterfront of Northeast Harbor affords an excellent view of the harbor itself and nearby Bear and Sutton Islands to the southeast. Property to the north and south of "Over Edge" is occupied by other summer cottages, while that immediately to the west remains undeveloped. Acadia National Park is located directly north of the Northeast Harbor community. "Over Edge, " constructed by Gilman in the late 1880's, is a three-story shingled building with gabled roof broken by interior brick chimneys. An open veranda runs across the eastern (front) elevation The first floor contains a living room on the south (a large rectangular space with a bay window on the south wall, a fireplace on the north), an oval dining room on the north, and a kitchen at the rear (west) of the dining room. Both the second and third floors contain bedrooms. Open wooden porches are located on the north side of the dining room and the bedroom above it. Still used as a private summer residence, "Over Edge" remains in excellent condition and is essentially unaltered. The only significant interior change has been the removal of some partitions to allow enlargement of the kitchen. On the exterior, some roofing material has been replaced, the front veranda has been extended some six feet to the south, and a metal fire escape has been installed on the north elevation next to the original porches. 8 SIGNIFICANCE PERIOD AREAS OF SIGNIFICANCE -- CHECK AND JUSTIFY BELOW _PREHISTORIC ARCHEULUGY-PREHISTORIC COMMUNITY PLANNING LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE RELIGION 1400-1499 LRCHEOLOGY-HISTORIC CONSERVATION _LAW SCIENCE _1500-1599 AGRICULTURE ECONOMICS LLITERATURE _SCULPTURE _1600-1699 ARCHITECTURE EDUCATION MILITARY _SOCIAL/HUMANITARIAN _1700-1799 ART ENGINEERING MUSIC _THEATER X 1800-1899 COMMERCE EXPLORATION/SETTLEMENT PHILOSOPHY _TRANSPORTATION X 1900 LCOMMUNICATIONS INDUSTRY POLITICS/GOVERNMENT OTHER (SPECIFY) INVENTION SPECIFIC DATES late 1880's to 1908 BUILDER/ARCHITECT Daniel Coit Gilman STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE "Over Edge," a 3-story, shingled house at Northeast Harbor in Mount Desert, Maine, was for more than 20 years (until his death in 1908) the summer residence of Daniel Coit Gilman, the man who made graduate-level education a recognized responsibility of American universities. As president of Johns Hopkins University from 1875, the year of its founding, until 1902, Gilman set a national precedent in emphasizing post-graduate study; his success stimulated the rapid growth of similar programs at universities throughout the country. Still occupied as a private summer residence, "Over Edge" is in excellent condition and, with the exception of interior alterations which enlarged the kitchen, remains essentially as it was when built by Gilman. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH Daniel Coit Gilman spent a lifetime in the field of education. Born on July 7, 1831, in Norwich, Connecticut, he entered Yale College in 1848 and was graduated in 1852. He sailed for Europe in December, 1853, spent two years there, and on his return renewed his association with Yale. Gilman's particular interest was the Sheffield Scientific School, which he helped to organize; upon its establishment, he became the school's librarian and secretary, as well as professor of physical and political geography. Gilman also supported public education, and accepted a position on the New Haven Board of Education. On December 4, 1861, he married Mary Ketcham. After her death in 1869, he married Elizabeth Dwight Woolsey on June 13, 1877. Gilman'sprofessional ability attracted wide attention. The University of Wisconsin offered him its presidency in 1867 but he refused the position, as he did the presidency of the University of California in 1870. When California, repeated its offer in 1872, Gilman changed his mind and accepted the job. In going to California, Gilman hoped to transform the relatively new state university into a great institution and in his inaugural address at Berkeley emphasized that superior teaching was the greatest need of such a school. However, his high academic standards were opposed by various groups in California who placed more value on utilitarian courses (Continued) 9 MAJOR BIBLIOGRA HICAL REFERENCES (See Continuation Sheet) 10 GEOGRAPHICAL DATA ACREAGE OF NOMINATED PROPERTY 1.9 acres UTM REFERENCES A 1 9 5 5 7 2 7 9 0 4 3 B ZONE EASTING NORTHING ZONE EASTING NORTHING C I D VERBAL BOUNDARY DESCRIPTION (See Continuation Sheet) LIST ALL STATES AND COUNTIES FOR PROPERTIES OVERLAPPING STATE OR COUNTY BOUNDARIES STATE CODE COUNTY CODE STATE CODE COUNTY CODE 11 FORM PREPARED BY NAME/TITLE Polly M. Rettig, Historian, Landmark Review Project; original form prepared by S. S. Bradford, Historian, 7/26/65 ORGANIZATION DATE Historic Sites Survey, National Park Service 3/8/76 STREET & NUMBER TELEPHONE 1100 L Street NW. 202-523-5464 CITY OR TOWN STATE Washington D.C. 20240 12 STATE HISTORIC PRESERVATION OFFICER CERTIFICATION THE EVALUATED SIGNIFICANCE OF THIS PROPERTY WITHIN THE STATE IS: NATIONAL STATE LOCAL Leadmark As the designated State Historic Preservation Officer for the National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 (Public Law 89-665), hereby nominate this property for inclusion in the National Register and certify that it has been evaluated according TO* the criteria and procedures set forth by the National Park Service. Boundery Certified: FEDERAL REPRESENTATIVE SIGNATURE TITLE DATE for Fincey 1,1978 FOR NPS USE ONLY I HEREBY CERTIFY THAT THIS PROPERTY IS INCLUDED IN THE NATIONAL REGISTER happy DATE DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF ARCHEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION 11/24/78 ATTEST: DATE KEEPER OF THE NATIONAL REGISTER (NATIONAL HISTORIC LANDMARKS) Form No 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OH THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, "Over Edge" CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 2 than on a liberal arts education. After three years of turmoil, Gilman left California to head the new university being established with a bequest from Baltimore merchant Johns Hopkins. In accepting the presidency of Johns Hopkins University on January 30, 1875, Gilman received a unique opportunity. The Hopkins bequest was large; the board of trustees gave him its complete confidence; and almost half a century of thinking about post-graduate study stimulated broad support for his ideas. Despite some German influence, Gilman's ideas for Johns Hopkins stemmed largely from American educational experience and his own thought. The necessity of research ranked high in his mind. Through research, truth would be maintained. Furthermore, pure research would redound to the credit of the Nation. Gilman thus elevated scientific truth to a pre-eminent position, as well as insisting that the findings of study would contribute to national progress. But research should not know any restrictions, and the new president stressed the necessity of academic freedom. When the University opened, the professors concentrated on research to a degree new in America and in an atmosphere of complete freedom. In keeping with his inaugural at the University of California, Gilman stressed at Johns Hopkins the importance of superior teaching, ranking it far above more other university needs. He spent most of the first year in his new position searching for qualified professors, Thus, when the institution opened, it included on its teaching staff an outstanding Greek scholar from the University of Virginia, a brilliant chemist from Williams College, and a promising young physicist from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The support of the trustees is clearly shown by the fact that not one member of the original faculty came from Maryland. Gilman advanced two other principles of education that were embodied in Johns Hopkins. First, he insisted that good teachers needed good students, and he created fellowships in order to attract bright young men to the university. Second, to insure that the search for truth would not be restricted in any way, Gilman insisted that Johns Hopkins be non-sectarian in character. This point of view led to the elimination of prayer and the presence of Thomas Huxley at the university's opening ceremony. (Continued) Form No. 10-300a (Rev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THL INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, "Over Edge" CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 8 PAGE 3 Within a relatively short time after Johns Hopkins opened its doors in 1876, the school exercised national influence. By 1892, over sixty American institutions of higher learning had three or more faculty members with degrees from Johns Hopkins. Further, Hopkins' success stimulated numerous other American universities to develop similar post- graduate programs. With Johns Hopkins firmly established, Gilman resigned from the university presidency in 1902. He continued to be active following his retirement, serving three years as president of the Carnegie Institution of Washington, from 1901 to 1907 as president of the National Civil Service Reform League, and giving his energies to numerous charitable organizations. Gilman died at Norwich, Connecticut, on October 13, 1908. Form No. 10-300a (Rev 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORIC PLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY -- NOMINATION FORM Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, "Over Edge" CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 9 PAGE 1 Berelson, Bernard. Graduate Education in the United States (New York, 1960). Brubacher, John S. and Rudy, Willis. Higher Education in Transition (New York, 1958). Flexner, Abraham. Daniel Coit Gilman, Creator of the American Type of University (New York, 1946). Gilman, Daniel Coit. University Problems in the United States (1898). . The Launching of a University (1906). Hawkins, Hugh. Pioneer: A History of the Johns Hopkins University (Ithaca, N. Y., 1960). Nevins, Allan. The State Universities and Democracy (Urbana, Ill., 1962). Rudolph, Frederick. The American College and University (New York, 1962). Form No. 10-300a (Rev. 10-74) UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF THE VIERIOR FOR NPS USE ONLY NATIONAL PARK SERVICE RECEIVED NATIONAL REGISTER OF HISTORICPLACES DATE ENTERED INVENTORY NOMINATION FORM Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home, "Over Edge" CONTINUATION SHEET ITEM NUMBER 10 PAGE 1 The boundaries of the national historic landmark designation for the Daniel Coit Gilman Summer Home ("Over Edge") at Northeast Harbor, Maine, are those of the 1.9-acre lot on which that building stands, as currently owned by William L. Van Alen. Specific lines are defined as follows (description from land records of the town of Mt. Desert, Maine, of which Northeast Harbor is a part): Commencing at a point on the center line (produced) of a 24 ft. right of way leading in an easterly direction from Huntington Road, which point is 315.70 feet measured S80° 32'E along said center line from the easterly side of Huntington Road, thence N50° 3' E 26.75 ft. to a point; thence N35° 36'E 27.60 ft. to a point; thence N14° 56'E 52 ft. to a point; thence N3° 32'W 42.60 ft. to a point; thence N84° 52'W 38 ft. to a point; a corner of lands of the heirs of Daniel Kimball; thence N4° E along the line of lands of the heirs of Daniel Kimball aforesaid, 218.70 ft. to a point on the southerly side of a right of way shown on said plan; thence N86 E along lands of the heirs of Philip Schuyler Townsend 186 ft. to a point; thence still along said dividing line N86° 45'E 112. 85 ft. more or less to a point; thence still along said dividing line N85° 45'E to high water mark of NE. Harbor; thence continuing along said dividing line in a general easterly direction to low water mark of NE. Harbor, thence in a generally southerly direction but always following said low water mark to a point in the dividing line between land of the grantors herein and land of the heirs of Loren E. Kimball; thence in a general westerly direction but always following said division line to high water mark of said NE. Harbor; thence N87° 30'W 16.80 ft. to a point; thence S40° W 87.10 ft. to a point; thence S70° W 50.80 ft. to a point; thence S83° 30 'W 33 ft. to a point; thence S87° 15'W 93.45 ft. to the point of beginning. Verizon Yahoo! Mail eppster2@verizon.net Page 1 of 2 Verizon Yahoo! Mail Verizon Central Yahoo! Search: Web Search Welcome, eppster2@verizon Mail Home All-New Mail Tutorials Help YAHOO! verizon [Sign Out, Member Center MAIL Classic Mail Addresses Calendar Notepad Mail For Mobile - Options Check Mail Compose Search Mail Search the Web Folders [Add Edit] Previous I Next I Back to Messages Inbox (9) Delete Reply Forward Move.. - Draft This message is not flagged. [ Flag Message - Mark as Unread Printable View Sent Date: Tue, 25 Sep 2007 04:21:31 -0700 (PDT) Bulk [Empty] "ELIZABETH and RONALD EPP" Add to Trash [Empty] From: Address Book Add Mobile Alert My Folders [Hide] Subject: Daniel Coit Gilman Papers Eliz messages To: archives@listproc.hcf.jhu.edu Member Information Dear Mr. Stimpert, Ron Archives (18) Former JHU librarian Todd Kelley suggested that I contact you regarding Search Shortcuts correspondence that I have been researching since my recent retirement as library director at Southern New Hampshire University. My Photos My Attachments The Daniel Coit Gilman Papers finding aid leads me to believe that there may be relevant correspondence between Gilman and three individuals whose paths crossed in the mid-1870's: 1. His University of California colleague Josiah Royce (Box 1.40). 2. Gilman allegedly drafted a letter of introduction in 1875 to noted Boston Brahmin George Bucknam Dorr. 3. Related inquiries at that time to Harvard President Charles W. Eliot (Box 1.13) and William James (Box 1.25). Presently I am writing a biography of Acadia National Park founder G.B. Dorr (1853-1944) and trying to confirm that Gilman was the midwife to the important Harvard relationships that Dorr cultivated between Royce, Eliot, and James. The sole source for the Gilman introduction to Dorr is J.H. Cotton's credit (in Royce on the Human Self) to Royce's son Stephen's recollections. But I continue to be puzzled by the question of how Gilman had familiarity with the Harvard intelligensia. Any light that you could cast on this matter would be much appreciated and any costs associated with copying relevant manuscript materials I would willingly bear. Thank you for your professional consideration of this matter. I look forward to hearing from you. Ronald H. Epp, Ph.D. 47 Pond View Drive Merrimack, NH 03054 (603) 424-6149 eppster2@verizon.net http://us.f842.mail.yahoo.com/ym/ShowLetter?MsgId=9291_2081465_127698_649_1228... 9/25/2007 Orbis Yale University Library Catalog, Long View Page 1 of 3 Orbis YALE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY CATALOG NEW SEARCH TITLES HEADINGS SEARCH HISTORY LIBRARY CATALOGS YOUR LIBRARY ACCOUNT PLACE REQUESTS OOKBAG BORROW DIRECT / ILL HELP LOG OUT Database Name: Yale University Library You searched: Subject Index = Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Search Results: Displaying 9 of 24 entries . PREVIOUS NEXT BRIEF VIEW LONG VIEW STAFF (MARC) VIEW Daniel Coit Gilman papers, Author: Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Title: Daniel Coit Gilman papers, 1845-1910 (inclusive) Description: 3 linear ft. (7 boxes) Location: LSF-Request for Use at Manuscripts and Archives Call Number: MS 582 Status: Not Checked Out Notes: Gift of Elizabeth L. Anderson in 1943. Organization: Arranged in three series: I. Correspondence. II. Writings. III. Special Files. Biographical/Historical note: Daniel Coit Gilman: president of the University of California, 1872-1875; president of Johns Hopkins University, 1875-1900; educator and author. Summary: Correspondence, writings, lectures, and other papers of Daniel Coit Gilman, educator, university president, and author. Included are papers regarding Gilman's career at Yale, the University of California, and Johns Hopkins University. Important correspondents include Charles M. Andrews, James Dwight Dana, William Henry Brewer, Timothy Dwight, Benjamin Silliman, Theodore Dwight Woolsey, and Andrew Dickson White. Indexes/Finding aids: Unpublished finding aid in repository. Cite as: Daniel Coit Gilman Papers. Manuscripts and Archives, Yale University Library. Subjects (Library of Congress): Andrews, Charles McLean, 1863-1943. http://orbis.library.yale.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v2=9&ti=1,9&SEQ=20051206151426... 12/6/2005 Orbis Yale University Library Catalog, Long View Page 2 of 3 Brewer, William Henry, 1828-1910. Brush, George Jarvis, 1831-1912. Dana, James Dwight, 1813-1895. DeForest, Henry S., 1833-1896. Durant, Henry, 1802-1875. Dwight, Timothy, 1828-1916. Fisher, George Park, 1827-1909. Gibbs, Josiah W. (Josiah Willard), 1790-1861. Gildersleeve, Basil Lanneau, 1831-1924. Gilman, Edward Whitney. Gilman, Elizabeth Coit. Gilman, Emily. Gilman, Julia Silliman, 1826-1892. Gilman, Louise Lane, 1838-1922. Gilman, Maria Perit. Gilman, William. Herrick, Edward Claudius, 1811-1862. Jewell, Marshall, 1825-1883. Morrill, Justin Smith, 1810-1898. Mulford, Elisha, 1833-1885. Porter, Noah, 1811-1892. Schouler, James, 1839-1920. Silliman, Benjamin, 1816-1885. Thacher, Thomas Anthony, 1815-1886. Tyler, Moses Coit, 1835-1900. White, Andrew Dickson, 1832-1918. Woolsey, Theodore Dwight, 1801-1889. Woolsey, Theodore Salisbury, 1852-1929. Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Johns Hopkins University. University of California, Berkeley. Yale University--History. Yale University. Library. Yale University--Faculty. Geography. Libraries. Medicine. Clergy. Science. Social sciences. Education. New Haven (Conn.) Europe. United States--Foreign relations. Occupation: Educators. College presidents. A PREVIOUS NEXT Save Options http://orbis.library.yale.edu/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?v2=9&ti=1,9&SEQ=20051206151426.. 12/6/2005 MS.001 Page 1 of 75 JOHNS HOPKINS THE SHERIDAN UNIVERSITY LIBRARIES 111 Johns Hopkins Acquires 6,000-Item H.L. Mencken Collection STAFF DIRECTORY PERSONSWITH DISABILITIES CONTACT US SITE MAP HOURS v HOME V LIBRARY SERVICES V ONLINE RESOURCES V CATALOGS v RESEARCH HELP V COLLECTIONS ASK A LIBRARIAN ? Home > Collections > Special Collections > Manuscripts > Manuscripts Registers > MS.001 HOW DO Printer-friendly Version FORMS Special Collections Milton S. Eisenhower Library MY ACCOUNT The Johns Hopkins University 3400 North Charles Street ABOUT US Baltimore, MD 21218 (410) 516-8348 INFO FOR Gilman (Daniel Coit) 1831-1908 GIVING Papers (1773-1942) Ms. I SEARCH LIBRARY BLOG Size: 95 document boxes 22 bound volumes (42 linear feet) SPOTLIGHT Processed: 1985 By: M.C. Beecheno Edited: World Medical Ethics Cynthia H. Requardt Day Talk and Reception Provenance: The papers were a gift to the University from Elisabeth Gilman. Mark T. Hughes, Access: Access to the papers is unrestricted. associate professor of medicine at the Permission: JHU School of Permission to publish material from this Medicine and collection must be requested in writing member of the from the Manuscripts Librarian at the address above. Berman Institute of Bioethics faculty will give a talk commemorating Citation form: Daniel C. Gilman Papers Ms. I World Medical Ethics Special Collections Day at 5 p.m. on Milton S. Eisenhower Library Sep. 18. The Johns Hopkins University More Gilman (Daniel Coit) 1831-1908 Archives Papers (1773-1942) Ms. 1 Table of Contents Provenance Page 1 Biographical Sketch Page 1 Scope and Content Note Page 2 Series Descriptions Page 2 Container Lists: Series 1 Correspondence (1842-1907) Page 6 Series 2 Notebooks (1852-1900) Page 97 Series 3 Photographs Page 98 Series 4 Official Papers and Autographs Page 106 Series 5 Publications by Gilman Page 115 Series 6 Publications from Gilman's Library Page 125 Series 7 Scrapbooks (1835-1907) Page 135 http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcollections/manuscripts/msregisters/ms001.h...9/17/2007 MS.001 Page 2 of 75 Series 8 Tribute Volumes (1901-2) Page 135 Series 9 Memorials (1852, 1908-9) Page 136 Series 10 Personal Page 136 Series 11 Elisabeth Dwight Woolsey Gilman Papers Page 137 (1857-1911) Series 12 Mary Ketcham Gilman Papers (1860-70) Page 138 Series 13 Alice Gilman Wheeler Papers (1869-1925) Page 138 Series 14 Elisabeth Gilman Papers (1877-1942) Removed to Ms. 234 Series 15 to be sorted Page 138 Appendices Alphabetical List of Prominent Correspondents Correspondents Identified by Profession Gilman (Daniel Coit) 1831-1908 Papers (1773-1942) Ms. 1 Provenance The papers were donated by Gilman's daughter Elisabeth Gilman. Commemorative dinner album, Chamber of Commerce, New York City (1897) added June 1999. The Accession Number is 93-94.29. Removed from CAGE. Biographical Sketch Daniel Coit Gilman was born July 6, 1831 in Norwich, Connecticut. He was the fifth of nine children of William Gilman, a wealthy mill owner. Daniel attended Yale from 1848 to 1852, and after his graduation attended Harvard University briefly before making a trip in 1854 to Europe, where he eventually served as attache to the United States Legation in St. Petersburg. After his return to America in 1855, Gilman worked as a fund-raiser for the Sheffield Scientific School (affiliated with Yale) and also as assistant librarian at Yale. In 1858 he was promoted to the position of head librarian, a post which he resigned in 1865. In the meantime, he had become school visitor for New Haven. In that job, and in his subsequent post on the State Board of Education, he developed a reputation as an educational reformer. In 1872 Gilman became the president of the University of California. When the trustees of the newly-endowed Johns Hopkins University wrote to presidents Eliot of Harvard, Angell of Michigan and White of Cornell in 1874 to ask for suggestions for the presidency of the new university, all three independently recommended Gilman. The post was formally offered in early 1875; Gilman accepted, and soon achieved prominence as a educator and administrator. He is credited with having created the first full graduate program in America, and until his retirement in 1901 Gilman consistently stressed research and scholarship. After his retirement from Hopkins, he was for two years president of the new Carnegie Institution of Washington. He died in 1908, survived by his second wife Elisabeth Dwight Woolsey Gilman and by two daughters Alice Gilman Wheeler and Elisabeth Gilman, the latter of whom was a leader of the Socialist Party in Maryland in the 1930s. Among Gilman's publications are James Monroe (1883), University Problems (1898), and The Launching of a University (1906). There are two published biographies of Gilman; one by Fabian Franklin published in 1910 and one by Abraham Flexner appeared in 1946. Scope and Content Note The papers document Gilman's wide-ranging interests especially his travels in Europe and work as attache in St. Petersburg (1854-55), his years (1855-58) at Yale, and his presidencies of the University of California (1872-75) and the Johns Hopkins University (1876-1902) Gilman's correspondence is especially rich with letters from prominent, contemporary educators, scientists, politicians, and literary figures. The collection includes a large number of photographs of Gilman's contemporaries. The collection includes some papers of Gilman's two wives Mary Ketcham Gilman (1838-69) and Elisabeth Dwight Woolsey Gilman (1839-1910) as well as those of his daughter Alice Gilman Wheeler (b. 1863). The papers of his daughter Elisabeth Gilman (1867-1950?) form Ms. 235 also available in Special Collections. Elisabeth was a social activist and member of the Socialist Party of the U.S. Her papers contain material on her work (1917-19) in France with the YWCA, her work for the unemployed in the 1930s, and her campaigns for governor, senator, and mayor of Baltimore on the Socialist Party ticket. Series Descriptions Series I Correspondence 1842-1907 60 boxes http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcollections/manuscripts/msregisters/ms001.h... 9/17/2007 MS.001 Page 3 of 75 This is largely Gilman's incoming letters arranged alphabetically by correspondent. There are some drafts of outgoing letters. The majority of the letters relate to the Johns Hopkins University. Principal correspondnets include: Andrew Dickson White, Charles W. Eliot, Herbert Baxter Adams, Charles S. Peirce, William K. Brooks, Ira Remsen, Sidney Lanier, Simon Newcomb, Richard T. Ely, Basil L. Gildersleeve, J.J. Sylvester, Henry Rowland, and Francis Lieber. Other correspondents represented by a lesser volume include a number of notables of the time including Ralph Waldo Emerson, James Russell Lowell, Henry James, Matthew Arnold, Oliver Wendell Holmes, William Cullen Bryant, William Dean Howells, Henry Wadsworth Longfellow, Frederick Law Olmstead, Robert Louis Stevenson, James Garfield, Grover Cleveland, Rutherford B. Hayes, William McKinley, Theodore Roosevelt, William Howard Taft, Woodrow Wilson, Henry Adams, John Hay, William James, George Bancroft, John Dewey, Alexander Graham Bell, Thomas Huxley, Andrew Carnegie, Horace Greeley, Henry Ward Beecher, Helen Keller, and Louis Pasteur. There is a card index to this series available on A-Level. This series also includes 7 boxes of material that has not been sorted. Some is correspondence, most is not. Correspondence not included in this series are letters in Gilman's autograph collection. These are personal letters written to Gilman which he mounted in albums. When these letters were restored, they were assigned to Series IV. A list of these letters is in the container list for Series IV. Letters written by Gilman to his family can be found in Series X, Series XIII, and Series XIV. Series II Notebooks 1852-1900 3 boxes See container list Series III Photographs boxes Includes photographs of Gilman and his family as well as photographs of contemporary public figures. See container list. Series IV Official Papers and Autographs This series needs processing. It contains letterpress volumes of outgoing letters and various groups of official Johns Hopkins University correspondence. Related material can be found in the Ferdinand Hamburger, Jr. Archives. The autograph collection of Gilman correspondence is also part of this series. See container list. Series V Publications by Gilman 2 boxes, 7 vols. These are copies of nearly all the writings and speeches that Gilman published. Some were bound and titled "Connecticut Public Schools 1856-70," "University of California 1872- 75," and "Various Speeches and Articles 1854-1905." Series VI Publications from Gilman's Library 4 boxes, 8 vols. These include speeches and articles collected by Gilman. Some are bound and titled "Yale College Class Records," "Education: Public Schools," "Education: Industrial Schools," "Education: Universities and Colleges," "Religion," and "Biography." Series VII Scrapbooks 1835-1907 See container list. Series VIII Tribute Volumes 1901-2 See container list. Series IX Memorials 1852, 1908-9 See container list. http://www.library.jhu.edu/collections/specialcollections/manuscripts/msregisters/ms001.h... 9/17/2007 Bibliographic Information Page 1 of 1 JHU Basic Advanced Libraries Keyword Keyword Alphabetical Help JHU Catalog Searer Back to search results Search Item 4 of 33 from JHU Libraries for History General Keyword Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. GO Reserves Full Record Borrower Infol Author Flexner, Abraham, 1866-1959. Book Renewals Title Daniel Coit Gilman, creator of the American type of university, by Abraham Interlibrary Loan Flexner. Doc Delivery Publisher New York, Harcourt, Brace and Company [1946] JHU Library Description ix p., 2 1 173 p. front., group ports. 19 cm. Locations Subjects Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Notes "First edition." Bibliographical references included in "Acknowledgments" (p. 165-166) LCCN 46007929 Bibliography Bibliographical references included in "Acknowledgments" (p. 165-166) Holdings Collection Call No. Copy Status Due Notes Date Institute of the History of LD2626.1876 F61 C. 1 Available Medicine Books - Stack Level 1946 7, Welch Library Institute of the History of LD 2626 1876 F61 c. 2 Available Medicine Books - Stack Level 1946 7, Welch Library Mail bib to: (Enter email address) O Mail Full Item Mail Brief Item Mail Full Item(s) Mail Brief Item(s) (s) (s) Delimited Delimited Send Email Basic Keyword I Advanced Keyword Alphabetical Help Questions or comments to: catalog@library.jhu.edu. ..ipac?tm=bib&db=ipac&lb=ipac&cl=3&cs=0101034152860339&sf=p&fd=1&dc=33&cd=4&sm=d&so=d&ft=/12/31/2002 Bibliographic Information Page 1 of 1 JHU Basic Advanced Libraries Keyword Keyword Alphabetical Help UHD Catalog STATES Back to search results Search Item 4 of 63 from JHU Libraries for History Authors Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. GO Reserves Full Record Borrower Infol Author Gilman, Daniel Coit, 1831-1908. Book Renewals Title The launching of a university. With a new foreword by Francesco Cordasco. Interlibrary Loan Publisher New York, MSS Information Corp. [1972] Doc Delivery Description p. JHU Library Locations Subjects Johns Hopkins University -- History. Education, Higher Education Notes Reprint of the 1906 ed. LCCN 72008185 ISBN 0842280596 Holdings Collection Call No. Copy Status Due Date Notes Eisenhower Stacks On Order Mail bib to: (Enter email address) O Mail Brief Item Mail Full Item(s) Mail Full Item(s) Mail Brief Item(s) (s) Delimited Delimited Send Email Basic Keyword I Advanced Keyword Alphabetical Help Questions or comments to: catalog@library.jhu.edu. Vipac?tm=bib&db=ipac&lb=ipac&cl=3&cs=0101034152860339&Sf=p&fd=1&dc=63&cd=4&sm=d&so=d&ft=/12/31/2002 no Thenties of n Darres Vinga Lore. Bit 1106 via Eximen. WILLIAM JAMES'S CORRESPONDENCE WITH DANIEL COIT GILMAN, 1877-1881 By JACKSON I. COPE FOREWORD Broadly considered, the 1870's were the gestation period for those war- riors who were to bring alive the boldest generation of thought in American philosophical history. Josiah Royce was maturing with startling speed in Germany, and later serving his term at Berkeley as "the solitary philoso- pher between Behring's Strait and Tierra del Fuego" G. Stanley Hall was girding his loins in the interest of the laboratory under Wundt, Helmholtz, and Ludwig; Charles S. Peirce was commuting to Europe, swinging pendu- lums, and also continuing to gather books and to sketch plans for his com- prehensive treatise on logic" George Howison was discovering philosophy in Harris's St. Louis circle and putting his "hard-shelled " Hegelianism on a firm footing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, thus preparing the way for the Berkeley Philosophical Union. William James was also in And Add this decade bringing to focus the ideas which reached the public at large in the Principles of Psychology. After the years of illness and European study, accompanied with distress over his failure to formulate a goal commensurate with his physical abilities and the more serious limitations of his psychological habits, James had finally taken an appointment at Harvard in 1872 as Instructor in compara- tive anatomy and physiology. Except for the season of illness and return to Europe in the Winter of 1873-74, James made a steady progress at Har- vard both professionally and in clarifying the direction in which he wished to push his intellectual labors. The general history of James's gradual movement from pure physiology into the physiological aspects of psychol- ogy, and his subsequent desire to escape the laboratory and devote his r efforts entirely to philosophical problems is well known.1 The following letters written to Daniel Coit Gilman, President of the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity, reveal another aspect of this history; one hitherto uninvestigated. During the period in which James was attempting to free himself of the physiological 'drudgery' which had been his entering wedge at Harvard, Grateful acknowledgment is made to Professor Max H. Fisch of the Uni- versity of Illinois, whose suggestion led to the discovery of these letters and who has generously given advice toward their editing. The untiring patience and good will of Miss Frieda Thies, Reference Librarian at the Johns Hopkins University, have been no less a sine qua non of this work than has the tedious transcription per- rists formed by my wife. The letters are in the Gilman Collection at the Johns Hopkins University Library. 1 See Ralph Barton Perry, The Thought and Character of William James (Boston, 1935), and William James, Letters, ed. Henry James (Boston, 1920). Am 13 609 JHI 12,#. 4 (oct. 195D. 610 JACKSON I. COPE he was in frequent communication with President Gilman concerning the possibility of a permanent professorship at the Johns Hopkins which might leave him more freedom to pursue his bent than it was possible to obtain at Harvard. The years immediately following the opening of the Johns Hopkins Uni- versity in 1876 saw President Gilman's attempt to build a true " community of scholars" meet with eager cooperation from most university men who were invited to take a part in the exciting Baltimore venture. The unpub- lished correspondence of Gilman, now in the Johns Hopkins University Library, contains hundreds of letters from men of the stature of Benjamin Peirce, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., William Torrey Harris, Thomas Huxley and many other academic and professional leaders either voluntarily recom- mending one man or another for a place in the Hopkins plan or evincing interest in themselves joining the faculty. The tone of most of these letters would seem to indicate that James was in accord with the consensus of academic opinion in feeling that the Johns Hopkins would provide a greater latitude for original work along chosen lines than Harvard offered. The young institution had not been successful in forming a philosophy department in time for the 1876 opening; the circular announcing the first list of classes, adopting European terminology, reads: "The first depart- ment of the Johns Hopkins University to be organized is the Philosophical, including those branches of literature and science which are fundamental rather than professional." However, the only courses which even touched upon philosophy in the professional sense during this first year were Pro- fessor Charles D. Morris's Greek course in Aristotle's Ethics and Associate John M. Cross's course in the Apology of Plato in the same department. The first actual philosophical instruction was given in January, 1878, when Professor George Sylvester Morris came from Michigan to give twenty lec- tures in the history of philosophy. The only other philosophical offering in the first two years of the University's operation was the lecture series presented by James in February, 1878, on 'the Brain and the Mind." In 1878-79 Professor Morris continued his connection with the University by presenting short courses in December and January, and Allan Marquand, a recent Princeton graduate, presented three logic courses which drew a combined attendance of six students.4 Finally, arrangements were made in February, 1879, to have Morris devote three months annually to his Johns Hopkins philosophy courses.5 During this same year Charles S. 2 John Hopkins University Official Circulars, No. 7 (Baltimore, February, 1877), p. 75. 3 See James's letters to Gilman, Dec. 30, 1877; January 7, 1878; January 14, 1878, below. 4 The Johns Hopkins Register, 1878-79. 5 Robert Mark Wenley, The Life and Work of George Sylvester Morris (New York, 1917), pp. 139-40. WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 611 Peirce was added as Lecturer in Logic, and the twin departments of "Logic" and the " History of Philosophy and Ethics" were fairly launched in the academic year 1879-80, drawing a total attendance of twenty-eight students. In 1880-81 Morris and Peirce again gave their departments a reputable showing with five courses, to which was added a short course in "psychol- ogy " by Marquand. This was the state of philosophy at the Johns Hopkins during the four- year period in which the following letters were written. Meanwhile James himself had been teaching "Natural History" courses in physiology and anatomy at Harvard, gradually swinging his interest and teaching toward philosophy. In 1877 he had introduced "Natural History 2" devoted to a study of Spencer's Principles of Psychology, and in 1877 this as well as his graduate course in "the relations between physiology and psychology " was transferred to the philosophy department, although James himself re- mained listed as Assistant Professor of Physiology, a post which he had received in 1876.6 At various times between 1877 and 1880 he introduced courses to study Bain, Renouvier. and Taine but the course in comparative anatomy and physiology which had been his first Harvard course of instruc- tion persisted through 1878-79, long after it had become " drudgery " to James.7 In spite of James's dissatisfaction with the arrangements at Har- vard, however, he did not succeed in coming to any understanding with the Johns Hopkins in regard to a permanent professorship, and remained at loga Harvard, drawing there such men as Royce and Münsterberg. Unfortu- nately, Gilman's replies to the letters which follow do not come to light either in the Johns Hopkins collection or in the James collection at Harvard University.8 Under these circumstances it is fruitless to conjecture upon the causes which not only prevented William James from obtaining a pro- fessorship in Baltimore, but combined to depress the significance of which the Johns Hopkins philosophy department showed promise in those years when James, Peirce, and Royce were all attached to it in some manner: The causes are not yet apparent but the fact is clear enough: in 1877-81 the Johns Hopkins had an excellent opportunity to assume philosophical leadership in America but failed to do SO. Robert Mark Wenley, in speaking of Professor George S. Morris's eventual separation from the Johns Hopkins in 1885, says: (Johns Hopkins University and its president in their way, Morris in his, and many others were caught in one of those streams of tendency that are no respecters of persons. Science, at the flood of the Darwinian theory, was 6 Perry, op. cit., II, 10. 7 See James's letter to Gilman, Oct. 8, 1878, below. 8 There are two exceptions: Gilman's letters to James dated January 20 and January 25, 1879. These letters were entered in a letterpress book now in the Johns Hopkins University Library in which entries were made rather sporadically. 612 JACKSON I. COPE sweeping everything before it, and philosophy had become tolerable only as an introduction to scientific method.9 In view of the course which the thinking of James and Royce took at Har- vard this seems a rather sweeping generalization, but whatever its merits as such it is indubitable in respect to the Johns Hopkins. Morris was shortly succeeded by G. Stanley Hall, and laboratory and educational psy- chology became the leading branch of Hopkins philosophical study by the mid-eighties, Morris might not have fared much more happily if James had become the leader of the philosophy group at Hopkins than he did under Hall,10 but there can be no doubt that James, already restless under the laboratory work for which he had never felt fitted, would have developed the emphasis in Hopkins philosophy toward a far different point than that selected by Hall, and there is every reason to believe that if he had become its philo- sophical leader the Johns Hopkins department would have followed James's own enthusiastic trend toward ethics and the basic issues of metaphysics. This tendency in James might even have been hastened had he been in a position to lend support to his friend Charles Peirce in 1884, when Peirce, under rather mysterious circumstances, left the Johns Hopkins never again to make a permanent connection with a university. If, as seems probable from the little evidence available, Peirce's asocial nature was responsible for his departure, James's loyal friendship might have prompted him to act as mediator between Peirce and those of his colleagues who found him persona non grata. Certainly James did make a great effort to obtain a place for Peirce at Harvard over a decade later. Doubtless both James and Peirce would have benefited by a closer daily contact and friendly combat such as James was to enjoy with Royce at Harvard. Some suggestion of the influence they might have had upon one another under better circum- stances can be obtained from the interchange of letters between James and Peirce in which their philosophical acuity is sharpened by mutual criti- cism.¹1 But the histories of philosophers are singularly mortal and stub- born of revision; while he lived Peirce remained " a vast shade in midst of his own brightness," and James remained at Harvard to articulate his peculiar contribution to the American philosophical heritage. The Johns Hopkins University. 9 Wenley, op. cit., p. 149. 10 James, in his infrequent mention of Morris seems to consider him as a compe- tent historian without crediting him with much original thought. In writing to Royce in 1882 he says, " you are worth Palmer, Watson and Morris together for one who really enjoys the living movement of philosophizing " (Perry, I, 795-96), and in writing to Gilman in 1879 he says, If you want a philosophic scholar and expert who would guide students through the history of the subject, I suppose Morris would be an excellent man " (see below, letter of Jan. 18, '79). 11 Perry, op. cit., II, 422-40. WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 613 THE JAMES-GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 20 Quincy St. Cambridge, Mass. April 23, 1877 President Gilman Dear Sir Mr. G. S. Hall has told me this afternoon that he understood you were to make a philosophical appointment in the Fall. You will remember my writing to you some time ago in recommendation of C. S. Peirce for such a position.1 I little thought at that time that I should SO soon be in the field myself. My experience however of teaching this year has made me decide that there are various grounds why the double field of psychology and physiology which I now cover is too broad for my working powers. There are both outward and inward reasons why I should prefer to drop the physiology rather than the psychology.2 I accordingly told President Eliot some weeks ago that I wished to be regarded as a candidate for the first philosophical vacancy that should occur here. But since nothing is to be counted on blindly in this world, I think it behooves me also to let my posi- tion be known in wider circles, and accordingly I take the liberty of acquainting you with it. I could so much easier inform you of my peculiar disqualifications and qualifications, and desires, in half an hour of conversation which might 1 This letter is not in the Gilman correspondence at the John Hopkins Library. Peirce, then in Paris for the U. S. Coast Survey, wrote to James December 16, 1875: I hear from my father that you have written a beautiful letter to the President of the Baltimore University proposing me for the chair of logic and I am asked if I would accept. It is a question impossible to answer in my present state of information. I don't know what the conditions are (Quoted in Perry, I, 537.) 2 James's courses for 1876-77 included undergraduate courses in Natural His- tory 2 and 3, and graduate course 17. These were, respectively, comparative anatomy and physiology, physiological psychology (using Spencer's Principles of Psychology), and " the relations between physiology and psychology." The com- plaint is but another echo of an old refrain. As early as May 5, 1868, William writes to his brother Henry, "I have by this time dropped all hope of doing any- thing at physiology, for I'm not fit for laboratory work ten days later he restates the sentiment to Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., adding that while psychology is unready yet to take its rightful place among the sciences " I shall continue to study, or rather begin to, in a general psychological direction; " (Quoted in Perry, I, 274-76.) April 6, 1873, again to his brother: Eliot offered me the other day the whole department (i.e., this physiology plus Dwight's anatomy) for next year. But I told him I had resolved to fight it out in the line of mental science, and could not afford to make such an expedition into anatomy. (Quoted in Perry, I, 341.) 614 JACKSON I. COPE occur easily in some of your visits to Newport (if you were inclined to attach any importance to the matter), that I limit myself here to the merely general announcement. I can refer you to C. S. Peirce; J. Eliot Cabot, Brookline Mass., Prof. Palmer here and Professor Gurney. Peirce has known me longest, but has seen little of me in the past few years, when I have gone deepest into philo- sophic study. On the whole I think Cabot, although a comparatively recent acquaint- ance has the best data for a "philosophic" estimate. With great respect I am sincerely yours, Wm. James Cambridge April 26, 1877 President Gilman Dear Sir I don't know how I came in my note the other day, to omit the names of O. W. Holmes, Jr. (10 Beacon St., Boston,) and John Fiske (Cambridge,) as possible sponsors.4 They have known me long and intimately in my 'philosophical " capacity, and are competent critics. Very Respectfully yours Wm. James Cambridge April 29, 1877 My dear Sir I am very much obliged for your extremely friendly letter. I made my application to you merely in obedience to the general principle that if one wishes anything in this world he had better let his wish be as widely known as possible; not because I thought I was in any particular way suited for 3 Peirce had been doing work in Europe and in various parts of the United States for the U. S. Coast Survey since 1859. J. Eliot Cabot (1821-1903) had studied philosophy in Germany after graduating from Harvard, returned to associ- ate himself with the Massachusetts Quarterly Review for a few years, and then to enter his brother's architectural business. At the time James writes he was acting as R. W. Emerson's secretary, later to become his literary executor. George Herbert Palmer (1842-1933) was at this time Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Harvard. Ephraim Whitman Gurney (1829-86) had been briefly Assistant Professor of Phi- losophy at Harvard in 1867, but the following year transferred to the history de- partment, becoming a full professor in 1869, the position which he filled at the time James writes. 4 Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr. (1841-1935) had, at the time James writes, already been a Harvard Law School lecturer and had served as editor of the American Law Review from 1870 till 1873. He was, according to Peirce, associated with James philosophically as a member of the Cambridge metaphysical club " in the early '70's. John Fiske 1842-1901) was at this time Assistant Librarian at Harvard and had already published his Outlines of Cosmic Philosophy three years before. Appar- ently Fiske, too, attended the Metaphysical Club.' See Philip P. Wiener, Evolu- tion and the Founders of Pragmatism (Cambridge, Mass., 1949), 18-30 for an account of "Peirce's Metaphysical Club." WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 615 the place you want to fill. In fact I am wholly ignorant of what the special requisitions may be which the JH University will make of its Professors of Philosophy. I confess it would interest me almost as much to talk over the matter with you if nothing came of it, as if it ended to my personal advantage. If therefore, you think it in any sense worth while, by letting me know when you are next in Newport, I can run down to pay the Tweedies 5 a visit and incidentally have the conversation in question with you. I should never dream of supposing that such an appointment "committed" you in the slightest degree; and should in fact on my own account prefer to have an equally irresponsible feeling about it. If it result in giving me more defi- nite ideas about your requirements, and you some additional information about some other candidates as well as my humble self, it will probably be useful. I am with great respect yours truly Wm. James Pres. Gilman Baltimore 5 The Edmund Tweedies of Newport were related through marriage to Henry James, Sr. and the two families were in constant close association. ** The recommendation which Charles Peirce wrote to Gilman was as follows: Newport 1877 Sept. 13 Dear Sir, Will you permit me to address a word to you in regard to the candidature of my friend Dr. William James for the chair of psychology in the Johns Hopkins University. I don't know whether you are aware that I have made a somewhat profound study of some subjects kindred to psychology, endeavoring to see them in such light as natural science was able to throw upon them. I therefore venture to say this: Every science, before it was a real science, was a theatre for empty talk and metaphysical nonsense. Psychology has just left this stage, and is just entering the scientific stage. Hereafter, we are not to hold all opinions as equal in psychology. There are to be settlements of belief about it, as in other branches of real science. There is to be one universally acknowledged real method. The Professor who teaches otherwise will simply be a dunce. Therefore, the Johns Hopkins University must select for its professor of psy- chology, a man competent to teach the New Psychology. He must be 1. Deeply read in the old Philosophies. 2. Thoroughly a scientific man. 3. An accomplished anatomist. 4. Perfect in the specialty of psychology. All that James is. I believe he is the only man in the country who fulfills these conditions. Besides that, his personality is on every account that which it is desirable for a university to secure. His character is one of the noblest and finest I know, and he is eminently the man to have a good effect on the minds of his pupils. Such men are rare, and I hope you will have the good fortune to get him, being perfectly 616 JACKSON I. COPE 20 Quincy St. Cambridge Dec. 30th 77 My Dear Mr. Gilman: I have seen President Eliot, and can now say that it will be entirely convenient to me to spend a fortnight, in the latter half of February, in Baltimore and give any number of lectures within ten, if the University authorities should think it worth while to make arrangements for SO short a course. The subject would be in a general way expository and critical of recent speculations concerning the connection of mind and body. I find it difficult to define what I shall say precisely until I know what the exact character of the audience will be. Prof. Child's 6 experience gives one a " dream of fair women," which I trust may not prove a reality. Per- haps you will let me know, if you invite me, whether I ought to address myself to undergraduates, professors and fellows, or to wealthy burghers more particularly. The shortness of what is the only course I can propose this year, seems to me on reflection, so out of keeping with the needs of a University, that I shall not feel in the least disconcerted if you write me that the whole thing is blown over. Believe me with great respect Very truly yours, Wm. James PS. It strikes me while waiting the publication of less trifling articles, that it may not be improper, to enclose with this a number of book-notices which from time to time I have written, and which may possibly interest some of your trustees. PPS. I will send the scraps tomorrow. W.J. Quincy St. Cambridge Mass. Jany. 7, '78 Dear Sir: I have the honor to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of January 4th, inviting me, on the part of the Executive Committee of your University, sure that if you do, he will do your university a great deal of honor. Your obedient servant C. Peirce Pres. Gilman Johns Hopkins University 6 Francis James Child (1825-96), Professor of English at Harvard, had delivered twenty lectures on Chaucer at the Johns Hopkins University from January 31st through February, 1877. (See The Johns Hopkins University Official Circulars, No. 7, February, 1877, p. 74.) WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 617 to give ten lectures in February. I will gladly do so, beginning probably, on February eleventh. You have omitted to enclose one of the printed announcements which you speak of, SO I do not know how detailed mine ought to be. Meanwhile, I suggest as a title for the courses, "The Brain and the Senses; and their relation to Intelligence." 7 As regards the audiences I will try to make them popular without being trite, SO that they may interest almost any educated person. You made no mention of compensation, but, I suppose, that was acci- dental. Believe me, with great respect, Yours truly Wm. James President Gilman Johns Hopkins University Baltimore Cambridge Jan. 14th 1878 Dear Sir I thank you for your note of the 11th and for the specimen announce- ments that preceded it. I enclose herewith an announcement drawn up after their pattern; but I confess the brief enumeration of topics has such an outlandish and pretentious sound that unless you insist on specification, I should rather confine myself simply to saying that as the shortness of the course requires selection only such special points shall be treated as are either novel or important. Very truly yours Wm. James President Gilman Baltimore 20 Quincy St. Cambridge, Mass. May 4, 1878 My dear Sir I wrote you some weeks ago agreeing to give a course of twenty lectures next February conditionally upon my finding myself in no danger of being over worked. What I would rather do however, as involving no danger of over work, would be to give the course I propose in 1880, and next winter to give here as a course of Lowell lectures those that I gave you in Balti- more last winter. 7 The series of ten lectures was finally titled "The Brain and the Mind." It was given at Baltimore in February, 1878, and repeated the following October at the Lowell Institute. (See Perry, II, 27.) 8 The letter originally proposing the 1879 lecture course is missing. 618 JACKSON I. COPE I suppose your not replying to my late note means that my proposal is acceptable. Should this modification of it prove equally so, might I beg as a great favor that you would send me a couple of lines of endorsement " of the lectures you heard, which I may use as a testimonial in applying for the Lowell course. A certain matter has prevented my applying for that before now. This may be too late a moment. If so, may I then still fall back on the proposal I have already made you, to deliver a course on Spencerism for next winter. Hoping that both you and Mrs. Gilman are well I am as always Very truly yours Wm. James Pres. Gilman Johns Hopkins University 20 Quincy St. Cambridge, Mass. May 15, 1878 My dear Sir I rec'd your letter with the accompanying "testimonial," for which please receive my best thanks. I am sorry for the difficulty which has occurred, for I just learn that it is too late a day to gain a Lowell course for next year. You speak, however, as if all hope of the J.H.U. were not lost. I shall still fondly cherish a fancy that your trustees may see some way of letting me lecture next year- until you shall appraise me that their decision is adverse. I have the honor to announce to you that I am engaged to be married to Miss Alice Gibbens of Boston. With best regards to Mrs. Gilman Believe me Very truly yours Wm. James President Gilman Johns Hopkins University Cambridge May 30 1878 My dear Sir, I telegraphed you yesterday to take no more trouble about a course of lectures from me next year. One of the Lowell appointees has withdrawn, and his course has just been assigned to me. This, as I said, involves much less labor than a J. H. course next year would, so I gladly forgo the latter. Should you however in February 1880 care for a course from me I can- not doubt that I shall have something ready which would be suitable for your audience. Thank you very much for your congratulations! Believe me always truly yours Wm. James 9 James and Miss Gibbens were married July 10, 1878. WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 619 The Western Union Telegraph Company of Baltimore City Cambridge, Mass. Sept. 19, 1878 President Gilman Johns Hopkins University I have just learned of Prof. Child's resignation. Can I have a course of twenty lectures for February (?) I need your answer before consulting the authorities here. Wm. James Cambridge Sept. 19 78 My dear Sir On reaching home last night and hearing of Prof. Child's having with- drawn from his lectures with you in February, a possible plan suggested itself to me by which I might concentrate my work upon Psychology this year, and I telegraphed you accordingly. My giving you 20 lectures would involve my giving up my Anatomy and Physiology course here.10 The risk wd. be that in 1879-80, having lost the income from that I should also not find additional work here in the philosophical department to make it up- though this might also be the case. If also there were no further prospect of employment from you, I should as it were run a still greater risk of fall- ing to the ground. My desire to work exclusively at Psychology for this year is neverthe- less so strong that I feel tempted to run a moderate risk for that purpose. If you can without too much compromising your own future liberty give me any data about possible further employment in the J.H.U. which will define my prospects a little better, it wd. be of great assistance. As speedy an answer as possible is desired, inasmuch as my withdrawal from Physiology this year involves an appointment of some one else before the middle of next week. In haste believe me Very truly yours Wm. James President Gilman, Baltimore Cambridge Sept. 23, 78 My dear Sir, I thank you for your prompt reply. On receipt of your telegram I will consult the authorities here and hope there will be no obstacle to my accept- ing the course of lectures with you next February. As to a permanent appointment-were one offered me of which the con- ditions as to salary and duties were agreeable, I think I can now say I should not decline it. It is barely possible that promotion into some (now 10 From 1873 through 1878-79, excepting the 1873-74 terms when he was in Europe, James had taught Natural History 3 at Harvard, the undergraduate course in comparative anatomy and physiology. 620 JACKSON I. COPE not to be expected) vacancy here might prove an effective counter-tempta- tion-but the lighter drudgery in Baltimore would probably in my case outweigh even that. Very truly yours Wm. James 1878 387 Harvard St. Cambridge Oct. 8 My dear Sir, I was much gratified at receiving your communication of the 4th. But fate has now taken the matter of acceptance out of my hands. The corpo- ration decided at its meeting of yesterday that it was not expedient to substitute another man for me in my anat. and Phys. this year. This leaves me with the same amount of work as ever, and makes it impossible to lec- ture with you-that additional labor being rather more than I could safely undertake. I much regret this decision, as a course of psychological lectures would have run much more in the groove in which I wish to work this year than any amount of pure biology. With regrets for having given you SO much trouble, I am always truly yours, Wm. James Pres. Gilman Baltimore Cambridge Jan. 18, '79 387 Harvard St. My dear Mr. Gilman, Your telegram last night after what Mr. Child told me of your visit here Christmas, leads me to think you wish already to offer me a permanent place in your university. I told you last spring that, uncertain as I was of my future here, I should accept a place if offered with suitable conditions. I told you at the same time I had rather things should remain with me as they were for a year or two, meaning that I wished to gain more philosophi- cal experience before accepting the responsibilities of an important position. In the fall when I wrote to you about lecturing this winter and asked whether you could promise any work beyond the winter, I had in view only lecturing of the same sort, say for next winter. The refusal of the authori- ties here to release me from Natural History work kept me from returning to this point when you unexpectedly in your reply spoke to me of a perma- nent appointment. Since last night I have decided to have a very explicit conversation with President Eliot, the result of which is to make me feel sure that I have better chances than any other candidate of succeeding to the principal philo- sophic professorship here, when vacated. If that vacancy were to occur WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 621 tomorrow family and local ties would decide me to accept it in spite of the drudgery it entails. The time of Prof. Bowen's resignation is however, wholly uncertain 11 and my quandary at present is this: I don't suppose you wish to fill a philosophic place temporarily. In other words, I don't sup- pose that I ought any longer to leave you to think me a candidate, if after spending two or three years with you I would accept a recall to Harvard. In short, with the data now for the first time in my possession I feel like sticking to the line of Harvard promotion even with its risks of delay. I have more sympathy in many respects with your university than with this-especially with your self, but you know the immense strength of family ties. My father is infirm, my sister an invalid and I think they would suffer from my absence. I write you this before hearing from you, because I told you a year ago that if anything occurred which would make me refuse an offer from you I should withdraw my candidacy without waiting for the offer. If you want original work done by your first-appointed professor I hardly know who to recommend. If you want a philosophic scholar and expert who would guide students through the history of the subject, I sup- pose Morris would be an excellent man. I must candidly say that I know of no one of anything like the promise of Royce, and I should say that if you could keep a place open for him you would probably reap the reward of it in the end. ¹ In the psychological line proper the only workers I know of are Peirce and Hall. Peirce's drawbacks you know. Hall, although a thoroughly original and able worker is perhaps deficient in the practical and organizing qualities which the JHU especially needs now in its professors. I could next year, in all probability, spend 4 weeks with you and give 20 lectures on Psychology and should like extremely to keep up my rela- tions with you by SO doing. I imagine however that that sort of thing would hardly meet any part of your present need. I should regret extremely to think that my having announced myself as a candidate two years ago had caused you any present perplexity or delay. 11 Francis Bowen (1811-90) was Alford Professor of "natural religion, moral philosophy, and civil polity" at Harvard from 1853 through 1889. 12 On Feb. 16, a month later, James wrote Royce: "I imagine that Gilman is keeping his eye on you and only waiting for the disgrace of youth to fade from your person." Perry, I, 782. 13 George S. Morris (1840-89) was already at the Johns Hopkins (see the fore- word, pp. 609ff. above) Josiah Royce (1855-1916) took his Ph.D. degree at the Johns Hopkins in 1878, and in the Fall of that year accepted an appointment at Berkeley, California, where he was ostensibly to teach English literature, but as early as November had introduced an introductory course in philosophy and logic. Royce and James came to know one another when Royce heard James's lectures in February, 1878, at Baltimore. Charles S. Peirce (1839-1914) had long been in communication with Gilman for a post at the Johns Hopkins (see n., p. 8) and was made Lecturer in Logic beginning in 1879-80. Granville Stanley Hall (1844-1924) had taken his Ph.D. at Harvard in 1878 after a checkered career of study, and was again in Germany at the time James writes. 622 JACKSON I. COPE I have not vacillated in my course, I have only just obtained an entirely new set of data. I dictate these lines in a great hurry that they may reach you, if possible before you write to me. Let this excuse their somewhat confused form. Believe me Always faithfully yours Wm. James PS. I forgot to speak of Howison of the " Technological." His professor- ship expires next year for pecuniary reasons. He is very able and lucid but a hard-shelled Hegelian.14 Jan. 20, 1879 Dear Mr. James I wrote you last week a note which must have crossed yours of the 18th received today. I thank you for its full statements which are almost as clear and satisfactory as they could have been made by an interview. To be frank with you, as you have been with me, I have felt confident all along that Cambridge had too strong a hold upon you for us to break. On the other hand I feel confident that our Trustees will be very glad to have your services as a lecturer if we can agree upon the arrangements in detail. Experience shows that 20 lectures given in a month are less satisfactory than the same number spread over a longer period, and accompanied by class-room work proper. If you would like to come here for two or three months annually for three years to give instruction in Psychology (or logic, if you will) I think the Trustees would at once make you a proposition to do so,-the compensation being from $1500 to 2000,-according to the amount of services rendered. My impression is that ten or twelve lectures given to such an audience as you addressed when here would be all the pub- lic service requisite; and that a class or two classes of bright young men could be formed to be guided and taught by you,-during the time of your residence and perhaps by a tutor, after your departure. If you could be here say from January to March or from March to June, it would suit our present arrangements, beginning next year. Yours Sincerely D. C. Gilman Prof. W. James To Pres. D. C. Gilman Cambridge Jan. 23rd, 1879 387 Harvard St. My dear Sir, I have received yours of the 20th and thank you for its kind proposals. To do what you desire would please me very much indeed were such a pro- 14 George Holmes Howison (1834-1916) had late discovered the lure of phi- losophy among the St. Louis circle of Harris, Snider, et al. and had served as Pro- fessor of Logic and Philosophy at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1871. WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 623 longed absence from Cambridge compatible with Harvard College work, but it is out of the question to carry on courses here and be away for more than three, or at the outside four weeks in February. I believe myself that daily lectures are hardly the thing for popular audiences and three or four weeks are hardly the thing for a class of students. If however you should be of the opinion that four weeks of me next year would be better than nothing at all I imagine that an arrangement could be made. The decision would however still depend on the total amount of work expected of me here next year. Faithfully yours Wm. James Dear Sir, Yours of the 23rd is at hand. Personally I should be very glad to see you here in Feb. 1880 but having SO recently carried thro' the Commission and the Trustees a proposal to have you come Feb. 1879 and having pub- licly announced that you would come, I have some hesitation in bringing forward your name again in just that way. The only basis I see for negoti- ations is that stated in my note of Jan. 20. Yours sincerely D. Gilman Jan. 25, 79 Dr. W. James Cambridge Feb. 18th (1879 ?) 387 Harvard St. My dear Mr. Gilman, A letter I received from G. Stanley Hall a few days since has made me realize his exceptional merits and advantages as a psychologist SO strongly, that if you are still seeking to make with some one else the two or three months arrangement which I, unfortunately, am prevented from entering into, I feel like once again reminding you of his existence. I already told you that he was the only psychologist I knew with an adequate physiologi- cal education. He has immense powers of work, is the most modest and unassuming of men, and for the past year in Berlin and Leipzig has been in the very centre of the physiological and psychological movement of the day, addressing himself among other things to the practical study of in- sanity. I fear I may be growing rather officious with my recommendations but it has only just occurred to me that a temporary appointment like that you proposed to me would be an admirable way for you practically to test Hall's personal qualifications. My writing is absolutely unsolicited by him. 15 15 Hall's letters to Gilman in the Johns Hopkins Library show that Hall himself followed up James's letter in the summer with a request for the lecture series in 1880. Apparently he received some encouragement from Gilman but decided to stay another year in Germany. Then, in the summer of 1880 Hall, apparently having made appropriate progress in both his work and his self-confidence, applied for the Johns Hopkins chair of "Philosophy and Psychology," emphasizing his 624 JACKSON I. COPE Trusting that Mrs. Gilman has entirely recovered, I am very truly yours Wm. James Heidelberg July 18, 80 President Gilman My Dear Sir I have been here for three days with G. Stanley Hall talking about all sorts of philosophical, physiological, and educational matters, and the spirit moves me to do what I trust will not seem to you a liberty, viz. to write you, now that he is departed, a line about what seem to me his great qualifi- cations for your psychological Lehramt. Last year, after Trowbridge came back from Baltimore with such glow- ing accounts of everything,16 I, being then in great tribulation about money matters and how to get a roof for my head the next year, and other con- siderations besides, was sorely tempted to revise my decision of the previous year and make you a definite offer of my services, which I have not the least idea whether you would have accepted. But I saved you the trouble of declining by finally deciding to stick it out through thick and thin in Cambridge. And I now consider myself irretrievably pledged to stay in that place for better or worse, stubbornly. Now I am acquainted with no one in America except Hall and myself who are prepared to teach psychology from the physiological side and to be a connecting link between your medical and your philosophical departments. Hall has in the last two years done a perfectly enormous amount of work here, and acquired a ripeness and solidity of judgement in physiological as well as psychological matters which entirely reverses the positions we held relative to each other 3 years ago. He is a more learned man than I can ever hope to become, and his great physical toughness enables him to com- bine laboratory with literary work to an extent entirely unusual. I feel his exceptional merits, moral as well as intellectual, SO strongly that I cannot bear to think of his being any longer without a place commensurate with them. And I do not see the slightest possibility of your making a mistake in giving him at least a couple of years' trial. He is much too good for any but a first rate University, and I doubt indeed whether he would be willing to accept a Western or an inferior eastern place. He is preparing some things for publication which I am sure will be important and honorable to training under Wundt. Recommendations for Hall flowed into Gilman's office as late as February, 1881, from Hosmer, Wundt, and many others, but the letter by James on July 18, 1880, is the most interesting. Hall did deliver a series of ten lectures in 1881-82 at the Johns Hopkins on 'psychology" and from that time onwards steadily advanced to leadership in the department, deposing Morris's ideal- ism and establishing his experimental laboratory. It was this laboratory which was the seed of the dispute which arose between James and Hall in 1894-95 (see Perry, II, 6-23). 16 John Trowbridge (1843-1923), Professor of Physics at Harvard, had given a series of lectures in January and February, 1880, at the Johns Hopkins University on the 'Philosophy of Physics." WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 625 his professorship. He told me he had lately made you some propositions, and I write this entirely at my own prompting in order if possible to attract your attention more strongly to them. Of course what I say demands no reply in any event. I only hope you will not regard it as officious but believe me with warmest regards to Mrs. Gilman faithfully yours Wm. James 10 Oxford St. Cambridge April 3, 81 My dear Sir, You will remember that when I was in Baltimore 3 years ago I told you that I would announce to you my withdrawal from candidacy for a place with you the moment I ceased to desire or hope for one; and you will also remember that a little more than 2 years ago I wrote to you saying I had decided to cast my lot for better or worse, with Harvard College. Ever and anon, in the interval, doubts as to the practical wisdom of this decision have assailed me. Some of the reasons for staying here which were then strong have become weaker with time; and above all the pecuniary side of the question has assumed a paramount importance. The result of it all is that I now feel it to be a simple matter of duty, if I can improve my pecuniary prospects, to do so. Believing that, as between the Johns Hopkins University and myself, if any advances are to now be made, they should come from me, I venture to address you on the subject. Are you willing to discuss at all the question of my becoming a philo- sophical professor with you? And if so, are you willing to discuss it on the basis of the following con- ditions? A 4 or 5 years appointment; the first year to be spent in prepara- tion in Europe on a salary of $2000; the salary of the other years to be $5000 per annum. I shall not feel at all hurt by a decided negative response to either of these enquiries. I shall then relapse into my Harvard circumstances with a tranquil mind, which I find myself now unable to keep, visited as I am by the frequent doubt whether a little more willingness to run risks might not secure me a better fortune? On the other hand no inducement slighter than the conditions I propose would tempt me away from the secure berth I possess and thoroughly enjoy here. I am thoroughly attached to our philosophical department and its destinies. I am promised at the earliest vacancy a full professorship with its full salary. And I have the right which, if I stay here, I shall use, of going abroad next year on half pay. The short appointment I propose would leave us both with our hands free, in case either repented of the arrangement. My earnest wish would be for a permanent change, if change were made at all. But the Baltimore climate might disagree with me; or family matters either of my own or my wife's might make me wish to come north again; not to speak of possible academic disappointments, which I fear would be more likely on your side than on mine. If the matter seems to you worthy of serious consideration, I can easily run down and talk it over with you in the recess which we have this week. 626 JACKSON I. COPE I shall go to the Tweedies Tuesday evening, and a telegram addressed there will bring me to Baltimore forthwith. Otherwise, a letter to my Cambridge address will be sufficient. There are many matters of detail connected with the duties expected of me that would have to be settled before I could definitely conclude a bargain. And on the other hand I could not conscientiously do so without frankly stating to you all the limitations which an abnormal nervous system and certain defects in my education impose upon me.-I ought to say that both President Eliot and Dr. G. S. Hall know of the step I am taking. Believe me with great respect. Yours truly, Wm. James PS. I shall be at the Tweedies all the week if not asked by you to go on to B. Camb. April 2 (1881) President Gilman Dear Sir In my letter to you this A.M.17 I forgot to give you my motives for desiring the year in Europe, whether I stay here or join your University. Partly, I wish to advance (or finish) a text book on Psychology which I have promised to a publisher, sooner than I can in the midst of college work. Partly I wish to study up certain matters which I have not yet had time to attend to, but which the head of a philosophic department ought to have completely mastered. One year abroad will give me a greater feeling of solidity in my preparation than five years at home. Yours always Wm. James 18 17 Obviously there is a confusion of dates, and this note and the letter which precedes it were written on the same day. 18 A few days after James made this offer to Gilman, Oliver Wendell Holmes, Jr., sent the following letter to the President of the Johns Hopkins: 35 Court Street Boston April 5 1881 Dear Sir, I learn that my friend Prof. W. James of Harvard has offered his services to the Johns Hopkins University. I therefore take the liberty of writing a word to you on the matter, premising by way of credentials for myself that although you may not know my name you will probably recognize my father's and that I am at present one of the Overseers of Harvard College. I do not of course, write in any other than a private capacity, nor can I speak with much knowledge about Prof. James as an instructor, but I can and do speak with full knowledge of his character and abilities as known to me through many years of private friendship. What I have to say on that score may be summed up in a few words. I think he is one of the most remarkable and interesting men whom I have ever met here or abroad. WILLIAM JAMES-D. C. GILMAN CORRESPONDENCE 1877-81 627 Cambridge April 18, '81 My dear Sir, I thank you for the speediness of your answer. Altho' it does not just gratify my highest hopes, it enables me to subside upon my present circum- stances with a tranquil mind and a feeling that there is nothing that I at any rate can do to better them. You will remember I told you that the terms I proposed applied only to the present time. I very quickly made up my mind after leaving you that Sunday noon, that I should and would stick to them in spite of any alteration the corporation might make in my conditions here, in case you closed with them now. I can not pledge this with regard to the future. But I should like you still to keep me on the list of your candidates; and in case you ever feel like giving me a trial, to propose your own terms to me, or ask me mine again. I think your dislike of having your advances spurned by Harvard men ought not to apply to the case of a once rejected suitor like myself. As for my expenses, $25.00 will fully cover them. The result of my visit was to make me feel much more like being a mem- ber of your University than before. I had always had a sort of cat-like dread of venturing away from Harvard. Perhaps the whole episode will be worth its cost to both side [sic] if this sentimental gain but accrue from it! Faithfully yours, Wm. James Cambridge April 28th 1881 My dear President Gilman, It was decided today by the Corporation of Harvard College that my claim for a year of absence in Europe is not valid till next year,-years passed in the grades of tutor and instructor not counting in the reckoning. When the matter was talked of between President Eliot and myself a month ago the President was as forgetful of this point as I was ignorant of it, and assured me that he knew of no obstacle to my departure. I inform you of this now lest at some later day you should wonder at a discrepancy between my recent accounts to you of my status here and my actual condition. Very truly yours, Wm. James I doubt if I shall ever meet his equal in suggestiveness and many sided perception among men of his years. My only regret is to say anything that could facilitate his leaving Harvard as I am sure that he is a man from whom brilliant results may be expected (indeed have come already if we trust the judgement of such men as Renouvier) unless he is headed off by material cares or by ill health. Your obedient servant OWHolmes To. Dr. DCGilman Pres. JHU