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Chapman, Henry C. (1845-1909)
Chapman, Henry C ( 1845 1909
7/1/2020
American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library
American Medical
Biographies/Chapman, Henry
Cadwalader
< American Medical Biographies
Chapman, Henry Cadwalader (1845-1909)
Henry Cadwalader Chapman, physician and naturalist, was born
August 17, 1845, in the home of his grandmother, Mrs. John
Markoe, 1817 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His
grandfather was Nathaniel Chapman (q. v.); Henry was the son of
George W. Chapman, lieutenant in the United States Army, and
Emily, daughter of John Markoe and granddaughter of Abraham
Markoe, first captain of the Philadelphia City Troop. From his
mother, as well as from his father's family, he inherited humor
and sarcasm.
He was a pupil at J. W. Faires's well-known classical school and
then entered the University of Pennsylvania to graduate in 1864.
He next "crossed the campus" and matriculated in the medical
department, with Addinell Hewson for preceptor, and with
Joseph Leidy, Joseph Carson, R. A. F. Penrose, Henry H. Smith,
Robert E. Rogers, Alfred Stillé and Francis Gurney Smith in the
faculty. In 1867 he took his M. D. with a thesis on "Generation."
He entered the Pennsylvania Hospital, first as an assistant in the
apothecary shop, and later as a resident physician, but in 1869
went to Europe for three years' study with Sir Richard Owen,
London; Alphonse Milne Edward, Paris; Emile DuBois Raymond,
Berlin; and Joseph Hyrtl, Vienna.
On his return from Europe he prepared for publication his first
work, "The Evolution of Life," 193 pages, issued in 1872. Joseph
Leidy, and the naturalist, Timothy Abbott Conrad, were his warm
friends, and sponsors for his election to the Academy of Natural
Sciences, to the proceedings of which he often contributed. He
7/1/2020
American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library
became a director of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia in
1881, was its secretary in 1884 and corresponding secretary 1890-
1904.
From 1873 to 1876 he was Leidy's assistant in the University of
Pennsylvania and lectured on anatomy and physiology. The next
year he was a curator of the Academy, succeeding George W.
Tryon, Jr., and served again in 1891, to fill the vacancy caused by
the death of Leidy.
From 1877 to 1880 he was demonstrator of physiology in
association with James Aiken Meigs (q. v.), in Jefferson Medical
College, and 1879-1880 was curator of the museum; in 1878 the
college gave him his second degree in medicine, when his thesis
was the "Persistence of Forces in Biology." Meigs died in the
autumn of 1879, soon after starting his lectures for the term, and
the course was continued by Chapman who, in 1880, was
appointed to the vacant chair of institutes of medicine and
medical jurisprudence. From 1878 to 1885 he served as professor
of physiology in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. The
University of Pennsylvania gave him the degree of Doctor of
Science in 1908.
Chapman wrote much on the anatomy of the apes and was
fortunate in securing a gorilla (1878) and a chimpanzee (1899) for
dissection; practically all the valuable material coming out of the
Philadelphia Zoological Garden passed through his hands. He
records in a report that his experience as prosector showed "that
the principal causes of deaths during the first six months of the
existence of the Garden were improper food, badly regulated
temperature and ill constructed cages."
His articles on the placenta of an elephant and on the placentation
of the kangaroo "are his most important contributions to original
research" (Nolan). For nearly thirty years he spent his summers at
Bar Harbor, Maine, where he devoted himself to its flora and
fauna.
Nolan, his biographer, states that Chapman's "History of the
Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood" (56 pages, 1884) is,
"from a literary point of view, the author's most satisfactory
work."
7/1/2020
American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library
In 1902 he examined the collections in Florence under the
guidance of Giglioli, director of the Museum, and those of the
Zoological Station of Naples, where Professor Dohrn helped him
secure for the Academy of Natural Sciences a collection of the
invertebrates of the Bay of Naples. In 1905 he went to Egypt
where he studied hieroglyphics and Egyptian antiquities.
While devoting himself to science he gave time, also, to social
diversions; some of us younger men watching Chapman at the
Academy thought that his scientific work suffered from
overdevotion to "Philadelphia Society."
Dr. Chapman married Hannah Naglee, daughter of Samuel
Megargee.
He died at his home at Bar Harbor, from hemorrhage, probably
resulting from gastric ulcer, September 7, 1909. He was survived
by his widow.
HOWARD A. KELLY.
Proc. Acad, of Nat. Sci. of Phila., Edward J. Nolan, M.D., 1910, vol. lxii, 255-270; with
a full bibliography and a portrait.
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DAR
an
Chapman
Chapman
city, through
were familiar to all who knew him. He had a
had been privately printed in 1884. In 1891 he
ing from a militar
phenomenal memory for events, places, and
wrote a Memoir of Joseph Leidy for the Pro-
e boy or the doctor
plants.
ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences.
oners out to the
[The fullest accounts are Charles Mohr in Bot. Gaz.
In 1892 appeared his Manual of Medical Juris
harbor.
473-78 (1899) and Knowlton in Plant World,
14I-43 (1899). A picturesque personal reminiscence
prudence and Toxicology. He was a. fellow of
he and his wife
is that of Winifred Kimball in Jour. N. Y. Bet. Gard.,
the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and
gradually began
XXII, I-12.]
D.C.P.
a member of the Franklin Institute and the
ause, he humorous
CHAPMAN,
HENRY
CADWALADER
American Philosophical Society. In 1876 he
prevented
(Aug. I7, 1845-Sept. 7, 1909), physician, biolo-
married Hannah N. Megargee, daughter of Sam-
is, so that they
gist, was born in Philadelphia, the son of Lieut.
uel Megargee. He died at his summer home in
1, but really
George W. Chapman, U. S. N., and his wife
Bar Harbor, Me., and was buried in Laurel
sorbed his attention
Emily Markoe. He was a grandson of Nathaniel
Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia.
ora of the Southern
Chapman [q.v.], the distinguished physician.
[Edward J. Nolan, "A Biog. Notice of Henry Cad-
1, and was for headly
After receiving his preliminary education in the
walader Chapman," Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila.,
of Southern botam
Faires Classical Institute, then the best known
LXII, 255, containing bibliography.]
F.R.P.
after Gray's Manna
private school in Philadelphia, he entered the
CHAPMAN, JOHN (c. 1775-Mar. II, 1847),
S and judgements
College Department of the University of Penn-
pioneer, was popularly known as "Johnny Apple-
Chapman's
sylvania, from which he graduated in 1864. He
seed." His parentage and the exact time and
onal touch with
then studied medicine in the Medical Depart-
place of his birth have not been discovered. It
him and his hunti
ment, receiving his M.D. in 1867. After serv-
is generally inferred that he was born in 1775,
la, as well as wr
ing two years as a resident physician in the
either in Boston or Springfield, Mass. All that
hr, and C.S.
Pennsylvania Hospital, he went abroad and for
is known of his boyhood is that he had/a habit of
th came to look
three years studied under the leading teachers
wandering away on long trips in quest of birds
o think of him
of his time, Sir Richard Owen in London, Al-
and flowers. His first recorded appearance in
he was extremely
phonse Milne Edward in Paris, Emile Du Bois-
the Middle West was in 1800 or 1801, when he
ancestry, and in
Reymond in Berlin, and Joseph Hyrtl in Vienna.
was seen as he drifted down the Ohio past Steu-
rn character he
Before his departure he had been elected a mem-
benville, in an astonishing craft consisting of two
Puritan, though
ber of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila-
canoes lashed together and freighted with de-
red of his "damna
delphia and from his return in 1872 he took the
caying apples brought from the cider presses
estry that they
most active interest in its affairs, contributing to
of western Pennsylvania. His first nursery is
and made him what
its Proceedings and serving at various times as
claimed to have been planted two miles down the
curator. In 1874 he became prosector to the
river, and another up Licking Creek. It is be-
that of the excus
Zoological Society of Philadelphia and thereby
lieved that he returned frequently to Pennsyl-
of a rhododendro
secured a great supply of various types of ani-
vania for more apple seeds, but by 1810 he ap-
N to science.
mals for dissection. Nolan states that he made
pears to have made Ashland County, Ohio, his
when he beheld the
two important contributions to original research.
center of activity, living some of the time in a
Chapman, saying
One was his study of the pregnancy and delivery
cabin with his half-sister, near Mansfield. It is
ndron Chapmans
of an elephant which he observed in the winter
said that he would travel hundreds of miles to
an had reported
quarters of a circus in Philadelphia. The other
prune his orchards scattered through the wii-
t to be pink; for
was a study of the placenta of the kangaroo.
derness. His price for an apple sapling was a
r a botanist,
From 1873 to 1876 he was Leidy's assistant in
"fip penny bit," but he would exchange it for
ifness, too, in his
teaching anatomy at the University of Penn-
old clothes or a promissory note which he never
ade him a recluse
sylvania and in 1877 he became demonstrator of
collected.
Flora which, con
physiology in Jefferson Medical College. After
Wherever he went he read aloud to any who
hird edition
the death of Prof. J. A. Meigs [q.v.], in 1879,
would listen from the works of Emanuel Sweden-
His death. at Ap
Chapman was appointed professor of the in-
borg, or the Bible, lying on the floor and rolling
DO arduous a trip
stitutes of medicine and medical jurisprudence
forth denunciations in tones of thunder, so that
n search of
at Jefferson. From 1878 to 1888 he was also
he came to be accepted as a sort of Border saint;
ed his friend
professor of physiology in the Pennsylvania Col-
and the stories of his quixotic kindness to ani-
st outlived his
lege of Dental Surgery. For a few years he
mals, even to insects and rattlers that bit him;
nd he was among
was coroner's physician of Philadelphia. He pub-
are characteristic of the growth of a folk legend.
nists. In appear
lished The Evolution of Life in 1873, an im-
Indians regarded him as a great medicine man;
stooped, he
mature performance which according to his
he did indeed scatter the seeds of many reputed
and throughout
friend Nolan he subsequently regretted. In 1887
herbs of healing, such as catnip, rattlesnake
powers of endur
he published a Treatise on Human Physiology,
weed, hoarhound, pennyroyal, and, unfortunate-
siasm on botanica
reprinting in it a brochure on the History of the
ly, the noxious weed dog-fennel which he be-
ance of hardship
Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood which
lieved to be anti-malarial.
17
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Chapman, Henry C. (1845-1909)
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Series 2
 
                     
                