Chapman, Henry C ( 1845 1909 7/1/2020 American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader < American Medical Biographies Chapman, Henry Cadwalader (1845-1909) Henry Cadwalader Chapman, physician and naturalist, was born August 17, 1845, in the home of his grandmother, Mrs. John Markoe, 1817 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. His grandfather was Nathaniel Chapman (q. v.); Henry was the son of George W. Chapman, lieutenant in the United States Army, and Emily, daughter of John Markoe and granddaughter of Abraham Markoe, first captain of the Philadelphia City Troop. From his mother, as well as from his father's family, he inherited humor and sarcasm. He was a pupil at J. W. Faires's well-known classical school and then entered the University of Pennsylvania to graduate in 1864. He next "crossed the campus" and matriculated in the medical department, with Addinell Hewson for preceptor, and with Joseph Leidy, Joseph Carson, R. A. F. Penrose, Henry H. Smith, Robert E. Rogers, Alfred Stillé and Francis Gurney Smith in the faculty. In 1867 he took his M. D. with a thesis on "Generation." He entered the Pennsylvania Hospital, first as an assistant in the apothecary shop, and later as a resident physician, but in 1869 went to Europe for three years' study with Sir Richard Owen, London; Alphonse Milne Edward, Paris; Emile DuBois Raymond, Berlin; and Joseph Hyrtl, Vienna. On his return from Europe he prepared for publication his first work, "The Evolution of Life," 193 pages, issued in 1872. Joseph Leidy, and the naturalist, Timothy Abbott Conrad, were his warm friends, and sponsors for his election to the Academy of Natural Sciences, to the proceedings of which he often contributed. He 7/1/2020 American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library became a director of the Zoological Society of Philadelphia in 1881, was its secretary in 1884 and corresponding secretary 1890- 1904. From 1873 to 1876 he was Leidy's assistant in the University of Pennsylvania and lectured on anatomy and physiology. The next year he was a curator of the Academy, succeeding George W. Tryon, Jr., and served again in 1891, to fill the vacancy caused by the death of Leidy. From 1877 to 1880 he was demonstrator of physiology in association with James Aiken Meigs (q. v.), in Jefferson Medical College, and 1879-1880 was curator of the museum; in 1878 the college gave him his second degree in medicine, when his thesis was the "Persistence of Forces in Biology." Meigs died in the autumn of 1879, soon after starting his lectures for the term, and the course was continued by Chapman who, in 1880, was appointed to the vacant chair of institutes of medicine and medical jurisprudence. From 1878 to 1885 he served as professor of physiology in the Pennsylvania College of Dental Surgery. The University of Pennsylvania gave him the degree of Doctor of Science in 1908. Chapman wrote much on the anatomy of the apes and was fortunate in securing a gorilla (1878) and a chimpanzee (1899) for dissection; practically all the valuable material coming out of the Philadelphia Zoological Garden passed through his hands. He records in a report that his experience as prosector showed "that the principal causes of deaths during the first six months of the existence of the Garden were improper food, badly regulated temperature and ill constructed cages." His articles on the placenta of an elephant and on the placentation of the kangaroo "are his most important contributions to original research" (Nolan). For nearly thirty years he spent his summers at Bar Harbor, Maine, where he devoted himself to its flora and fauna. Nolan, his biographer, states that Chapman's "History of the Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood" (56 pages, 1884) is, "from a literary point of view, the author's most satisfactory work." 7/1/2020 American Medical Biographies/Chapman, Henry Cadwalader - Wikisource, the free online library In 1902 he examined the collections in Florence under the guidance of Giglioli, director of the Museum, and those of the Zoological Station of Naples, where Professor Dohrn helped him secure for the Academy of Natural Sciences a collection of the invertebrates of the Bay of Naples. In 1905 he went to Egypt where he studied hieroglyphics and Egyptian antiquities. While devoting himself to science he gave time, also, to social diversions; some of us younger men watching Chapman at the Academy thought that his scientific work suffered from overdevotion to "Philadelphia Society." Dr. Chapman married Hannah Naglee, daughter of Samuel Megargee. He died at his home at Bar Harbor, from hemorrhage, probably resulting from gastric ulcer, September 7, 1909. He was survived by his widow. HOWARD A. KELLY. Proc. Acad, of Nat. Sci. of Phila., Edward J. Nolan, M.D., 1910, vol. lxii, 255-270; with a full bibliography and a portrait. Retrieved from 'https://en.wikisource.org/w/index.php? title=American_Medical_Biographies/Chapman,_Henry_Cadwalader&oldid=7399889" This page was last edited on 19 April 2018, at 23:54. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. DAR an Chapman Chapman city, through were familiar to all who knew him. He had a had been privately printed in 1884. In 1891 he ing from a militar phenomenal memory for events, places, and wrote a Memoir of Joseph Leidy for the Pro- e boy or the doctor plants. ceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences. oners out to the [The fullest accounts are Charles Mohr in Bot. Gaz. In 1892 appeared his Manual of Medical Juris harbor. 473-78 (1899) and Knowlton in Plant World, 14I-43 (1899). A picturesque personal reminiscence prudence and Toxicology. He was a. fellow of he and his wife is that of Winifred Kimball in Jour. N. Y. Bet. Gard., the College of Physicians of Philadelphia, and gradually began XXII, I-12.] D.C.P. a member of the Franklin Institute and the ause, he humorous CHAPMAN, HENRY CADWALADER American Philosophical Society. In 1876 he prevented (Aug. I7, 1845-Sept. 7, 1909), physician, biolo- married Hannah N. Megargee, daughter of Sam- is, so that they gist, was born in Philadelphia, the son of Lieut. uel Megargee. He died at his summer home in 1, but really George W. Chapman, U. S. N., and his wife Bar Harbor, Me., and was buried in Laurel sorbed his attention Emily Markoe. He was a grandson of Nathaniel Hill Cemetery, Philadelphia. ora of the Southern Chapman [q.v.], the distinguished physician. [Edward J. Nolan, "A Biog. Notice of Henry Cad- 1, and was for headly After receiving his preliminary education in the walader Chapman," Proc. Acad. Nat. Sciences Phila., of Southern botam Faires Classical Institute, then the best known LXII, 255, containing bibliography.] F.R.P. after Gray's Manna private school in Philadelphia, he entered the CHAPMAN, JOHN (c. 1775-Mar. II, 1847), S and judgements College Department of the University of Penn- pioneer, was popularly known as "Johnny Apple- Chapman's sylvania, from which he graduated in 1864. He seed." His parentage and the exact time and onal touch with then studied medicine in the Medical Depart- place of his birth have not been discovered. It him and his hunti ment, receiving his M.D. in 1867. After serv- is generally inferred that he was born in 1775, la, as well as wr ing two years as a resident physician in the either in Boston or Springfield, Mass. All that hr, and C.S. Pennsylvania Hospital, he went abroad and for is known of his boyhood is that he had/a habit of th came to look three years studied under the leading teachers wandering away on long trips in quest of birds o think of him of his time, Sir Richard Owen in London, Al- and flowers. His first recorded appearance in he was extremely phonse Milne Edward in Paris, Emile Du Bois- the Middle West was in 1800 or 1801, when he ancestry, and in Reymond in Berlin, and Joseph Hyrtl in Vienna. was seen as he drifted down the Ohio past Steu- rn character he Before his departure he had been elected a mem- benville, in an astonishing craft consisting of two Puritan, though ber of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Phila- canoes lashed together and freighted with de- red of his "damna delphia and from his return in 1872 he took the caying apples brought from the cider presses estry that they most active interest in its affairs, contributing to of western Pennsylvania. His first nursery is and made him what its Proceedings and serving at various times as claimed to have been planted two miles down the curator. In 1874 he became prosector to the river, and another up Licking Creek. It is be- that of the excus Zoological Society of Philadelphia and thereby lieved that he returned frequently to Pennsyl- of a rhododendro secured a great supply of various types of ani- vania for more apple seeds, but by 1810 he ap- N to science. mals for dissection. Nolan states that he made pears to have made Ashland County, Ohio, his when he beheld the two important contributions to original research. center of activity, living some of the time in a Chapman, saying One was his study of the pregnancy and delivery cabin with his half-sister, near Mansfield. It is ndron Chapmans of an elephant which he observed in the winter said that he would travel hundreds of miles to an had reported quarters of a circus in Philadelphia. The other prune his orchards scattered through the wii- t to be pink; for was a study of the placenta of the kangaroo. derness. His price for an apple sapling was a r a botanist, From 1873 to 1876 he was Leidy's assistant in "fip penny bit," but he would exchange it for ifness, too, in his teaching anatomy at the University of Penn- old clothes or a promissory note which he never ade him a recluse sylvania and in 1877 he became demonstrator of collected. Flora which, con physiology in Jefferson Medical College. After Wherever he went he read aloud to any who hird edition the death of Prof. J. A. Meigs [q.v.], in 1879, would listen from the works of Emanuel Sweden- His death. at Ap Chapman was appointed professor of the in- borg, or the Bible, lying on the floor and rolling DO arduous a trip stitutes of medicine and medical jurisprudence forth denunciations in tones of thunder, so that n search of at Jefferson. From 1878 to 1888 he was also he came to be accepted as a sort of Border saint; ed his friend professor of physiology in the Pennsylvania Col- and the stories of his quixotic kindness to ani- st outlived his lege of Dental Surgery. For a few years he mals, even to insects and rattlers that bit him; nd he was among was coroner's physician of Philadelphia. He pub- are characteristic of the growth of a folk legend. nists. In appear lished The Evolution of Life in 1873, an im- Indians regarded him as a great medicine man; stooped, he mature performance which according to his he did indeed scatter the seeds of many reputed and throughout friend Nolan he subsequently regretted. In 1887 herbs of healing, such as catnip, rattlesnake powers of endur he published a Treatise on Human Physiology, weed, hoarhound, pennyroyal, and, unfortunate- siasm on botanica reprinting in it a brochure on the History of the ly, the noxious weed dog-fennel which he be- ance of hardship Discovery of the Circulation of the Blood which lieved to be anti-malarial. 17